Leagues of Inner Mongolia
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Provinces Autonomous regions Municipalities Special administrative regions |
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Sub-provincial autonomous prefectures Sub-provincial cities Sub-provincial new areas |
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Prefectures Autonomous prefectures Prefecture-level cities Leagues |
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Sub-prefecture-level
Sub-prefectural-level cities |
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Counties Autonomous counties County-level cities City districts Banners Autonomous banners Forestry areas Special districts |
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Townships Ethnic townships Towns Subdistricts Sumus Ethnic sumus District public offices (abolishing) |
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Village Committees Neighborhood Committees |
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History of the political divisions of China |
A league (Mongolian: 
(ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ) ayimaγ or, historically, 
čiγulγan; Chinese: 盟, pinyin: méng) is an administrative unit in Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China.
Leagues are the prefectures of Inner Mongolia. The name comes from a kind of ancient Mongolian administrative unit used during the Qing Dynasty in Mongolia. To preempt any sense of Mongolian unity or solidarity, the Qing Dynasty executed divide and rule policies in which Mongolian Banners (county level regions) were separated from each other. Leagues had no true ruler-ship, they only had conventional assemblies consisting of banners. During the ROC era, the leagues had a status equivalent to provinces. Leagues contain banners, equivalent to counties.
After the establishment of the provincial level Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in 1947, leagues of Inner Mongolia became equal to prefectures in other provinces and autonomous regions. The governments of the league, (Chinese: 行政公署; pinyin: xíngzhènggōngshǔ), is the administrative branch office dispatched by People's Government of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. The leader of the league's government, titled as league leader (Chinese: 盟长; pinyin: méngzhǎng), is appointed by People's Government of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. So are deputy leaders of leagues. Instead of local level of People's Congress, league's working commissions of the Standing Committee of the People’s Congress of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region are detached and supervise the league's governments, but can not elect or dismiss league's government officials.[1] In such a way, the league's working committee of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region's committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference is instead of league's committee of CPPCC.
Just like prefectures, most leagues have been replaced by prefecture-level cities. There are only 3 leagues remaining in Inner Mongolia.
Leagues have existed since the Qing Dynasty as a level of government. The head of a league was chosen from jasagh or sula of the banners belonging to it. The original six leagues were Jirim, Juuuda, Josutu, Xilingol, Ulanqab, and Yekejuu (Ikhjuu). More were added in the subsequent centuries.
Today, leagues belong to the prefecture level of the Chinese administrative hierarchy. Of the 9 leagues that existed in the late 1970s, 6 have now been reorganized into prefecture-level cities.
[edit] Leagues
Present-day leagues
| Name | Simplified Chinese |
Pinyin | Capital | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inner Mongolia | ||||
| Jirim | 哲里木 | Zhélǐmù | Tongliao | Dissolution: 13 January 1999 Present day: Tongliao (prefecture-level city) |
| Juuuda | 昭乌达 | Zhāowūdá | Chifeng | Dissolution: 10 October 1983 Present day: Chifeng (prefecture-level city) |
| Josutu | 卓索图 | Zhuósuǒtú | Chaoyang | Dissolution: 10 October 1911 Present day: Fuxin, Chaoyang, and part of Chifeng (prefecture-level city) |
| Chahar | 察哈尔 | Cháhā'ěr | Baochang | Dissolution: 1 October 1958 merged into Xilingol |
| Ulanqab | 乌兰察布 | Wūlánchábù | Jining | Dissolution: 1 December 2003 Present day: Ulanqab (prefecture-level city) |
| Xilingol | 锡林郭勒 | Xīlínguōlè | Xilinhot | |
| Yekejuu | 伊克昭 | Yīkèzhāo | Dongsheng | Dissolution: 26 February 2001 Present day: Ordos (prefecture-level city) |
| Xitao Mongolia (present day western part of Inner Mongolia) | ||||
| Alxa | 阿拉善 | Ālāshàn | Bayanhot | |
| Ejin | 阿拉善 | Ālāshàn | Ejin | merge into Alxa |
| Heilongjiang (present day northern part of Inner Mongolia) | ||||
| Hinggan | 兴安 | Xīng'ān | Ulaanhot | |
| Bayannur | 巴彦淖尔 | Bāyànnào'ěr | Linhe | Dissolution: 1 December 2003 Present day: Bayannur (prefecture-level city) |
| Hulunbuir | 呼伦贝尔 | Hūlúnbèi'ěr | Hailar | Dissolution: 10 October 2001 Present day: Hulunbuir (prefecture-level city) |
| Nawenmuren | 纳文慕仁 | Nàwénmùrén | Zhalantun | Dissolution: 11 April 1949 merge into Hulunbuir-Nawenmuren |
| Hulunbuir-Nawenmuren | 呼伦贝尔纳文慕仁 | Hūlúnbèi'ěr Nàwénmùrén | Hailar | Rename: 1 April 1953 into Hulunbuir |
[edit] References
- ^ "The standing committee of the people’s congress of a province and autonomous region may set up administrative offices in the prefectures under its jurisdiction. " from Item 2, Article 53, Organic Law of the Local People’s Congresses and Local People’s Governments of the People’s Republic of China (2004 Revision)
