Led Zeppelin IV

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"Zoso" redirects here. For the character from the TV series Once Upon a Time, see List of Once Upon a Time characters.
Untitled

The untitled fourth album by the English rock band Led Zeppelin, commonly referred to as Led Zeppelin IV, was released on 8 November 1971 on Atlantic Records. Produced by guitarist Jimmy Page, it was recorded between December 1970 and March 1971 at several locations, most prominently the Victorian house Headley Grange.

After the group's 1970 album Led Zeppelin III received lukewarm reviews from critics, Page decided their fourth album would officially be untitled. This, along with the inner sleeve's design featuring four symbols that represented each band member, led to the album being referred to variously as the Four Symbols logo, Four Symbols, The Fourth Album, Untitled, Runes, The Hermit, and ZoSo (which was derived from Page's symbol).[1] In addition to lacking a title, the original cover featured no band name, as the group wished to be anonymous and to avoid easy pigeonholing by the press.[2]

Led Zeppelin IV was a commercial and critical success, producing many of the band's most well-known songs, including "Black Dog", "Rock and Roll", "Going to California", and the band's signature song, "Stairway to Heaven". The album is one of the best-selling albums worldwide at 37 million units,[3][4] and with a 23-times platinum certification by the Recording Industry Association of America, it is the third-best-selling album in the United States.[5] Writers and critics have regularly cited it on lists of rock's greatest albums.

Recording sessions

The album was initially recorded at Island Records' newly opened Basing Street Studios, London, at the same time as Jethro Tull's Aqualung in December 1970.[6] Upon the suggestion of Fleetwood Mac,[7] the band then moved to Headley Grange, a remote Victorian house in East Hampshire, England, to conduct additional recordings. Here they used the Rolling Stones Mobile Studio. Jimmy Page later recalled: "We needed the sort of facilities where we could have a cup of tea and wander around the garden and go in and do what we had to do."[8] This relaxed, atmospheric environment at Headley Grange also provided other advantages for the band. As is explained by Dave Lewis, "By moving into Headley Grange for the whole period of recording, many of the tracks [on the album] were made up on the spot and committed to tape almost there and then."[8]

Once the basic tracks had been recorded, the band later added overdubs at Island Studios, then took the completed master tapes to Sunset Sound in Los Angeles for mixing. However, the mix ultimately proved to be less than satisfactory, creating an unwanted delay in the album's release. Further mixing had to be undertaken in London, pushing the final release date back by some months.[8]

Three other songs from the sessions, "Down by the Seaside", "Night Flight" and "Boogie with Stu" (featuring Rolling Stones cofounder/collaborator Ian Stewart on piano), did not appear on the album, but were included four years later on the double album Physical Graffiti.

Album title

After the lukewarm, if not confused and sometimes dismissive, critical reaction Led Zeppelin III had received in late 1970, Page decided that the next Led Zeppelin album would not have a title, but would instead feature four hand-drawn symbols on the inner sleeve and record label, each one chosen by the band member it represents.[7] "We decided that on the fourth album, we would deliberately play down the group name, and there wouldn't be any information whatsoever on the outer jacket", Page explained. "Names, titles and things like that do not mean a thing."[9]

Page has also stated that the decision to release the album without any written information on the album sleeve was contrary to strong advice given to him by a press agent, who said that after a year's absence from both records and touring, the move would be akin to "professional suicide".[10] In his words: "We just happened to have a lot of faith in what we were doing."[10] In an interview he gave to The Times in 2010, he elaborated:

It wasn’t easy. The record company were sort of insisting that the name go on it. There were eyes looking towards heaven if you like. It was hinted it was professional suicide to go out with an album with no title. The reality of it was that we’d had so many dour reviews to our albums along the way. At the time each came out it was difficult sometimes for the reviewers to come to terms with what was on there, without an immediate point of reference to the previous album. But the ethic of the band was very much summing up where we were collectively at that point in time. An untitled album struck me as the best answer to all the critics — because we knew the way that the music was being received both by sales and attendance at concerts.[11]

Releasing the album without an official title has made it difficult to consistently identify. While most commonly called Led Zeppelin IV, Atlantic Records catalogues have used the names Four Symbols and The Fourth Album. It has also been referred to as ZoSo (which Page's symbol appears to spell), Untitled and Runes.[8] Page frequently refers to the album in interviews as "the fourth album" and "Led Zeppelin IV",[10][12][13] and Plant thinks of it as "the fourth album, that's it".[14] Not only does the album have no title, but there is no printing anywhere on the front or back cover, or even a catalogue number on the spine (at least on the original LP release).

The four symbols

The four symbols representing (from left to right);
at the top; Page, Jones
at the bottom; Bonham and Plant

The idea for each member of the band to choose a personal emblem for the cover was Page's.[10] In an interview he gave in 1977, he recalled:

"After all this crap that we'd had with the critics, I put it to everybody else that it'd be a good idea to put out something totally anonymous. At first I wanted just one symbol on it, but then it was decided that since it was our fourth album and there were four of us, we could each choose our own symbol. I designed mine and everyone else had their own reasons for using the symbols that they used."[10]

Page stated that he designed his own symbol[7][8] and has never publicly disclosed any reasoning behind it. However, it has been argued that his symbol appeared as early as 1557 to represent Saturn.[15][16] The symbol is sometimes referred to as "ZoSo", though Page has explained that it was not in fact intended to be a word at all.[7]

Bassist John Paul Jones' symbol, which he chose from Rudolf Koch's Book of Signs,[7] is a single circle intersecting three vesica pisces (a triquetra). It is intended to symbolise a person who possesses both confidence and competence.[8]

Drummer John Bonham's symbol, the three interlocking (Borromean) rings, was picked by the drummer from the same book.[7] It represents the triad of mother, father and child,[8][17] but, inverted, it also happens to be the logo for Ballantine beer.[8]

Singer Robert Plant's symbol of a feather within a circle was his own design, being based on the sign of the supposed Mu civilisation.[7][8]

Sandy Denny's symbol, which in Christianity is an old symbol for the Godhead "beyond that nothing is known about it".

There is also a fifth, smaller symbol chosen by guest vocalist Sandy Denny representing her contribution to the track "The Battle of Evermore"; it appears in the credits list on the inner sleeve of the LP, serving as an asterisk and is shaped like three triangles touching at their points. Ironically, inverted this symbol is used by the British Ministry of Transport (MOT, now called Department of Transport) to show that the automobile service establishment outside of which it is displayed, is licensed to carry out the mandatory test all British vehicles over 3 years old, have to pass to remain road legal.

During Led Zeppelin's tour of the United Kingdom in winter 1971, which took place shortly following the release of the album, the band visually projected the four symbols on their stage equipment. Page's symbol was put onto one of his Marshall amplifiers, Bonham's three interlinked circles adorned the outer skin of his bass drum, Jones had his symbol stencilled onto material which was draped across his Fender Rhodes keyboard, and Plant's feather symbol was painted onto a side speaker PA cabinet. Only Page's and Bonham's symbols were retained for subsequent Led Zeppelin concert tours.[18]

Album cover and inside sleeve

The 19th-century rustic oil painting on the front of the album was purchased from an antique shop in Reading, Berkshire by Plant.[7][8][19] The painting was then juxtaposed and affixed to the internal, papered wall of the partly demolished suburban house for the photograph to be taken.

Page has explained that the cover of the fourth album was intended to bring out a city/country dichotomy that had initially surfaced on Led Zeppelin III:

It represented the change in the balance which was going on. There was the old countryman and the blocks of flats being knocked down. It was just a way of saying that we should look after the earth, not rape and pillage it.[10]

However, regarding the meaning of the album cover, he has also stated:

The cover was supposed to be something that was for other people to savour rather than for me to actually spell everything out, which would make the whole thing rather disappointing on that level of your own personal adventure into the music.[20]

The album cover was among the ten chosen by the Royal Mail for a set of "Classic Album Cover" postage stamps issued in January 2010.[21]

The inside illustration, entitled "The Hermit" and credited to Barrington Colby MOM, was influenced by the design of the card of the same name in the Rider-Waite tarot deck.[8] This character was later portrayed by Page himself in Led Zeppelin's concert film, The Song Remains the Same (1976). The inner painting is also referred to as View in Half or Varying Light and was sold at auction under that name in 1981.[22]

Varied versions of the artwork within the album exist. Some versions depict a longhaired and bearded supplicant climbing at the base of the mountain, while some others do not show the six pointed star within the hermit's lantern. If the inside cover of the album is held vertically against a mirror, a man's face can be seen hidden in the rocks below the hermit. Speculation exists that the face is actually that of a black dog.[22]

The typeface for the lyrics to "Stairway to Heaven", printed on the inside sleeve of the album, was Page's contribution. He found it in an old arts and crafts magazine called The Studio which dated from the late 19th century. He thought the lettering was interesting and arranged for someone to create a whole alphabet.[19]

Release and reception

Professional ratings
Review scores
SourceRating
Allmusic[23]
Blender[24]
Robert ChristgauA[25]
Encyclopedia of Popular Music[26]
Entertainment WeeklyA+[27]
Metal Forces8.5/10[28]
Q[29]
The Rolling Stone Album Guide[30]

In the lead-up to the album's release, a series of teaser advertisements depicting each symbol was placed in the music press.[8] The album was a massive instant seller. It entered the UK chart at No. 10, rising to No.1 the following week and stayed on the chart for 77 weeks.[8] In the US it stayed on the charts longer than any other Led Zeppelin album and became the biggest selling album in the US not to top the charts (peaking at #2).[8] "Ultimately," writes Lewis, "the fourth Zeppelin album would be the most durable seller in their catalogue and the most impressive critical and commercial success of their career".[8] At one point, it was ranked as one of the top five best-selling albums of all time.[26]

Led Zeppelin IV received overwhelming praise from critics.[26] In a contemporary review for Rolling Stone, Lenny Kaye called it the band's "most consistently good" album yet and praised the diversity of the songs: "out of eight cuts, there isn't one that steps on another's toes, that tries to do too much all at once."[31] Billboard magazine called it a "powerhouse album" that has the commercial potential of the band's previous three albums.[32]

Robert Christgau, writing for The Village Voice, originally gave Led Zeppelin IV a lukewarm review, but later called the album a "genre masterpiece",[33] and wrote that it showed the band at the pinnacle of their songwriting.[34] Even though he found their Medieval musical ideas typically limited, he said that it is "the definitive Led Zeppelin and hence heavy metal album."[25] In his review for Allmusic, Stephen Thomas Erlewine credited the album for "defining not only Led Zeppelin but the sound and style of '70s hard rock", while "encompassing heavy metal, folk, pure rock & roll, and blues".[23] In his album guide to heavy metal, Spin magazine's Joe Gross cited Led Zeppelin IV as a "monolithic cornerstone".[35] BBC Music's Daryl Easlea said that the album made the band a global success and effectively combined their third album's folk ideas with their second album's hard rock style.[36] Led Zeppelin's Rock Hall biography described the album as "a fully realized hybrid of the folk and hard-rock directions".[37] Music journalist Chuck Eddy named it the number one metal album of all time in his 1991 book Stairway to Hell: The 500 Best Heavy Metal Albums in the Universe.[38]

Awards and recognition

In 2000, Led Zeppelin IV was named the twenty-sixth greatest British album in a list by Q magazine.[39] In 2002, Spin magazine's Chuck Klosterman named it the second greatest metal album of all time and said that it was "the most famous hard-rock album ever recorded" as well as an album that unintentionally created metal—"the origin of everything that sounds, feels, or even tastes vaguely metallic".[40] In 2003, the album was ranked number 66 on Rolling Stone magazine's list of "The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time".[41] It was also named the seventh-best album of the 1970s in a list by Pitchfork Media.[42]

Publication Country Accolade Year Rank
Mojo United Kingdom "The 100 Greatest Albums Ever Made"[43] 1996 24
Grammy Awards United States Grammy Hall of Fame Award[44] 1999 *
The Guitar United States "Album of the Millennium"[45] 1999 2
Classic Rock United Kingdom "100 Greatest Rock Albums Ever"[46] 2001 1
Rolling Stone United States "500 Greatest Albums Ever"[41] 2012 69
Pitchfork Media United States "Top 100 Albums of the 1970s"[42] 2004 7
Q United Kingdom "The Greatest Classic Rock Albums Ever"[47] 2004 *
Robert Dimery United States 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die[48] 2005 *
Q United Kingdom "100 Best Albums Ever"[49] 2006 21
Classic Rock United Kingdom "100 Greatest British Rock Albums Ever"[50] 2006 1
Rock and Roll Hall of Fame United States "The Definitive 200: Top 200 Albums of All-Time"[51] 2007 4

(*) designates unordered lists.

Track listing

Side one
No.TitleWriter(s)Length
1."Black Dog"John Paul Jones, Jimmy Page, Robert Plant4:54
2."Rock and Roll"John Bonham, Jones, Page, Plant3:40
3."The Battle of Evermore"Page, Plant5:51
4."Stairway to Heaven"Page, Plant8:02
Side two
No.TitleWriter(s)Length
5."Misty Mountain Hop"Jones, Page, Plant4:38
6."Four Sticks"Page, Plant4:44
7."Going to California"Page, Plant3:31
8."When the Levee Breaks"Bonham, Jones, Memphis Minnie, Page, Plant7:07

Charts

Chart (1971–2) Peak
position
Australian Albums Chart[52] 2
Canadian Albums Chart[53] 1
French Albums Chart[54] 2
German Albums Chart[55] 9
Japanese Albums Chart[56] 2
Norwegian Albums Chart[57] 3
Italian Albums Chart[58] 2
Spanish Albums Chart[59] 8
UK Albums Chart[60] 1
US Billboard 200[61] 2
US Cash Box Top 100 Albums[62] 2

Certifications

Region Certification Certified units/sales
Argentina (CAPIF)[63] Platinum 60,000^
Australia (ARIA)[64] 8× Platinum 560,000^
Brazil (Pro-Música Brasil)[65] Gold 100,000*
Canada (Music Canada)[66] 2× Diamond 2,000,000^
France (SNEP)[68] 2× Platinum 970,866[67]
Germany (BVMI)[69] 3× Gold 750,000^
Netherlands (NVPI)[70]
Remastered edition 		Platinum 100,000^
Spain (PROMUSICAE)[71] Platinum 100,000^
Switzerland (IFPI Switzerland)[72] Platinum 50,000^
United Kingdom (BPI)[73] 6× Platinum 1,800,000^
United States (RIAA)[74] 23× Platinum 23,000,000^

* Sales figures based on certification alone.
^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.

Personnel

Led Zeppelin
Additional musicians
Production

See also

References

Footnotes
  1. ^ Davis, Stephen (2008). "Hammer of the Gods: The Led Zeppelin Saga". p.234. HarperCollins, 2008
  2. ^ Wall 2008, pp. 269–270.
  3. ^ Bukszpan 2003, p. 128.
  4. ^ Brown 2001, p. 480.
  5. ^ "Top 100 Albums". RIAA. Retrieved 22 November 2012.
  6. ^ "Their Time is Gonna Come". Classic Rock Magazine. December 2007.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h Michael Leonard, "Heaven Sent", Q Led Zeppelin Special Edition, 2003.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Dave Lewis (1994), The Complete Guide to the Music of Led Zeppelin, Omnibus Press, ISBN 0-7119-3528-9.
  9. ^ Adams, Cecil. "What Do the Four Symbols on Led Zeppelin's 4th Album Mean?". straightdope.com. Retrieved 11 August 2008.
  10. ^ a b c d e f Dave Schulps, Interview with Jimmy Page, Trouser Press, October 1977.
  11. ^ James Jackson, "Jimmy Page on Led Zeppelin IV, the band's peak and their reunion, The Times, January 8, 2010 .
  12. ^ Interview with Jimmy Page, Guitar World magazine, 1993
  13. ^ Led-Zeppelin.org. "Led Zeppelin Assorted Info". Retrieved 15 March 2011.
  14. ^ Austin Scaggs, Q&A: Robert Plant[dead link], Rolling Stone, 5 May 2005.
  15. ^ "Zoso Jimmy Page's symbol". Archived from the original on 22 February 2012. Retrieved 5 March 2013.
  16. ^ Gettings, Fred (1981). The Dictionary of Occult, Hermetic, and Alchemical Sigils and Symbols. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd. p. 201. ISBN 0-7100-0095-2. Retrieved 15 March 2011.
  17. ^ In the 1990 Bonham tribute radio special, "It's Been a Long Time", son Jason Bonham confirmed that the symbol was chosen as a representation of man, woman and child-
  18. ^ Lewis, Dave (2007). Led Zeppelin: The Concert File. London: Omnibus Press. p. 72. ISBN 0-7119-5307-4. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  19. ^ a b Tolinski, Brad; Di Bendetto, Greg (January 1998). "Light and Shade". Guitar World. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |newspaper= (help)
  20. ^ James Jackson, Jimmy Page on Led Zeppelin's good times, bad times and reunion rumours, The Times, 8 January 2010 .
  21. ^ Michaels, Sean (8 January 2010). "Coldplay album gets stamp of approval from Royal Mail". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 8 January 2010.
  22. ^ a b "The Infrequently Murmured Led Zeppelin Trivia List". Oldbuckeye.com. Retrieved 17 August 2011.
  23. ^ a b Erlewine, Stephen Thomas (8 November 1971). "Allmusic Review". Allmusic. Rovi Corporation. Retrieved 17 August 2011.
  24. ^ Blender Review[dead link]
  25. ^ a b Christgau, Robert (13 October 1981). Christgau's Record Guide: Rock Albums of the Seventies. Ticknor & Fields. p. 222. ISBN 0899190251.
  26. ^ a b c Larkin, Colin (2006). The Encyclopedia of Popular Music. Vol. 5 (4th ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 140. ISBN 0195313739.
  27. ^ Sinclair, Tom (20 June 2003). "On the Records...Led Zeppelin". Entertainment Weekly. New York. Retrieved 7 February 2014.
  28. ^ Arnold, Neil. "LED ZEPPELIN – Led Zeppelin IV (1971) Album - EP Reviews". Metal Forces. Retrieved 7 February 2014.
  29. ^ "Review: Led Zeppelin IV". Q. London: 141. October 1994.
  30. ^ Kot, Greg; et al. (2004). Brackett, Nathan; Hoard, Christian (eds.). The New Rolling Stone Album Guide (4th ed.). Simon & Schuster. p. 479. ISBN 0-7432-0169-8. {{cite book}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help)
  31. ^ "Rolling Stone Review". Rolling Stone. 23 December 1971. Retrieved 20 May 2011.
  32. ^ "Album Reviews". Billboard: 70. 20 November 1971. Retrieved 31 January 2014.
  33. ^ Christgau, Robert (3 March 1972). "Consumer Guide (24)". The Village Voice. New York. Retrieved 19 June 2012.
  34. ^ Christgau, Robert (4 October 1976). "Christgau's Consumer Guide". The Village Voice. New York. Retrieved 18 November 2013.
  35. ^ Gross, Joe (February 2005). "Heavy Metal". Spin. 21 (2). Vibe/Spin Ventures: 89. Retrieved 19 June 2012.
  36. ^ Easlea, Daryl (2007). "Review of Led Zeppelin - Led Zeppelin IV". BBC Music. Retrieved 1 February 2014.
  37. ^ "Led Zeppelin". The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum. Retrieved 7 February 2014.
  38. ^ Herrmann, Brenda (18 June 1991). "Ranking Rock, Enraging Fans". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 7 February 2014.
  39. ^ "100 Greatest British Albums". Q. London: 76. June 2000.
  40. ^ Klosterman, Chuck (September 2002). "40 Greatest Metal Albums of All Time". Spin: 81. Retrieved 5 February 2014.
  41. ^ a b Wenner, Jann S. (ed.) (2012). "The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time". Rolling Stone (Special Collectors Issue). ISBN 978-7-09-893419-6. Retrieved 10 February 2014. {{cite journal}}: |author= has generic name (help)
  42. ^ a b Pitchfork Staff (23 June 2004). "Top 100 Albums of the 1970s". Pitchfork Media. p. 10. Retrieved 6 February 2014.
  43. ^ "The 100 Greatest Albums Ever Made — January 1996". Mojo. Retrieved 10 February 2009.
  44. ^ "The Grammy Hall of Fame Award". National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 18 August 2007.[dead link]
  45. ^ "Album of the Millennium — December 1999". The Guitar. Retrieved 10 February 2009. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |work= (help)
  46. ^ "Classic Rock – 100 Greatest Rock Albums Ever December 2001". Classic Rock. Retrieved 10 February 2009.
  47. ^ "The Greatest Classic Rock Albums Ever October 2004". Q. Retrieved 10 February 2009.
  48. ^ Dimery, Robert – 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die; page 856
  49. ^ "100 Greatest Albums Ever — February 2006". Q. Retrieved 10 February 2009. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |work= (help)
  50. ^ "Classic Rock – 100 Greatest British Rock Albums Ever — April 2006". Classic Rock. Retrieved 10 February 2009.
  51. ^ "The Definitive 200: Top 200 Albums of All-Time". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame (United States). Retrieved 10 February 2009.[dead link]
  52. ^ "Top 20 Albums – 11 March 1972". Go Set. Retrieved 19 January 2009.
  53. ^ "RPM Albums Chart – 8 January 1972". RPM. Retrieved 19 January 2009.
  54. ^ "Top 100 Albums – 1971". infodisc.fr. Retrieved 19 January 2009.
  55. ^ "Top 100 Albums — December 1971". charts-surfer.de. Retrieved 19 January 2009. [dead link]
  56. ^ "Top 100 Albums – 8 November 1971". Oricon. Retrieved 19 January 2009.
  57. ^ "Top 20 Albums – 28 November 1971". norwegiancharts.com. Retrieved 19 January 2009.
  58. ^ "Top 100 Albums – 1972". Hit Parade Italia. Retrieved 14 April 2014.
  59. ^ "Top 100 Albums – 5 February 1972". PROMUSICAE. Retrieved 19 January 2009.
  60. ^ "Top 100 Albums – 4 December 1971". chartstats.com. Archived from the original on 9 December 2012. Retrieved 19 January 2009.
  61. ^ "The Billboard 200 – 18 December 1971". Billboard. Retrieved 19 January 2009. [dead link]
  62. ^ "Top 100 Albums – 25 December 1971". Cash Box. Retrieved 19 January 2009. [dead link]
  63. ^ "Argentinian album certifications – Led Zeppelin – Led Zeppelin IV". Argentine Chamber of Phonograms and Videograms Producers.
  64. ^ "ARIA Charts – Accreditations – 2004 Albums" (PDF). Australian Recording Industry Association.
  65. ^ "Brazilian album certifications – Led Zeppelin – Led Zeppelin 4" (in Portuguese). Pro-Música Brasil.
  66. ^ "Canadian album certifications – Led Zeppelin – Led Zeppelin IV". Music Canada.
  67. ^ "Les Meilleures Ventes de CD/Albums depuis 1968 :" (in French). Infodisc.fr. Retrieved 5 February 2013.
  68. ^ "French album certifications – Led Zeppelin – Volume 4" (in French). Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique.
  69. ^ "Gold-/Platin-Datenbank (Led Zeppelin; 'IV')" (in German). Bundesverband Musikindustrie.
  70. ^ "Dutch album certifications – Led Zeppelin – Led Zeppelin IV" (in Dutch). Nederlandse Vereniging van Producenten en Importeurs van beeld- en geluidsdragers. Enter Led Zeppelin IV in the "Artiest of titel" box.
  71. ^ Salaverri, Fernando (2005). Sólo éxitos: año a año : 1959-2002 (PDF) (in Spanish). Iberautor Promociones Culturales. ISBN 84-8048-639-2. Retrieved 31 July 2013.
  72. ^ "The Official Swiss Charts and Music Community: Awards ('4')". IFPI Switzerland. Hung Medien.
  73. ^ "British album certifications – Led Zeppelin – Led Zeppelin IV". British Phonographic Industry. Select albums in the Format field. Select Platinum in the Certification field. Type Led Zeppelin IV in the "Search BPI Awards" field and then press Enter.
  74. ^ "American album certifications – Led Zeppelin – Led Zeppelin IV". Recording Industry Association of America.
  75. ^ Williamson, Nigel (2007). The Rough Guide to Led Zeppelin. Penguin. p. 228. ISBN 1405384212. Retrieved 8 February 2014.
Bibliography

External links

Preceded by
Top of the Pops, Volume 20 by Various artists
 UK Albums Chart number-one album
4–18 December 1971 		Succeeded by


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