Legal status of Western Sahara

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History of Western Sahara
Map of Western Sahara
Background
History of Morocco (Colonial wars)
Spanish Sahara · Spanish Morocco
Moroccan Army of Liberation
Harakat Tahrir · Sahrawi National Union Party
Madrid Accords
Disputed regions
Saguia el-Hamra · Río de Oro
Southern Provinces · Free Zone ·
Politics
Legal status of Western Sahara · Politics of Morocco / of the SADR
Polisario Front (former members)
Royal Advisory Council for Saharan Affairs
Rebellions

Pre-1975:
Ifni War · Zemla Intifada

post 1975:
Western Sahara conflict
(Western Sahara War  · Independence Intifada)
Conflict issues
Refugee camps · Wall · Human rights in Western Sahara
Western Sahara peace process
Resolution 1495 · Resolution 1754 · Visiting mission · Referendum mission · ICJ Advisory Opinion · Settlement Plan · Houston Agreement · Baker Plan · Manhasset negotiations · Moroccan Initiative
Morocco

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Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic

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Politics and government of
the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
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Western Sahara, formerly the Spanish colony of Spanish Sahara, is a disputed territory claimed by both the Kingdom of Morocco and the Polisario Front. Its legal status remains, according to the United Nations (UN), as a non-decolonized territory included in the United Nations List of Non-Self-Governing Territories.

Since the Madrid Accords of 1975, part of Western Sahara have been administered by Morocco as the Southern Provinces. Another section, the Liberated Territories, is administered by the Polisario Front as the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR). Mauritania administers temporally the western half of Ras Nouadhibou peninsula. A UN-monitored cease-fire has been in effect since September 1991.

In order to resolve the sovereignty issue, the UN has attempted to hold a referendum through the mission United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO), and is holding direct talks between the Kingdom of Morocco and the Polisario Front. The UN recognizes neither Moroccan nor SADR sovereignty over Western Sahara.

Contents

[edit] Positions of the parties

[edit] Kingdom of Morocco

The official position of the Kingdom of Morocco beginning in 1963 is that all of Western Sahara is an integral part of the kingdom. The Moroccan government refers to Western Sahara only as the "Sahara", "Moroccan Sahara", "Saharan provinces", or the "Southern Provinces".[citation needed]

According to the Moroccan government, in 1958 the Moroccan Army of Liberation fought Spanish colonizers and almost liberated what was then Spanish Sahara.[citation needed] The fathers of many of the Polisario leaders were among the veterans of the Moroccan Southern Army, for example the father of Polisario leader Mohammed Abdelaziz. Morocco is supported in this view[clarification needed] by a number of former Polisario founders and leaders. The Polisario Front is considered by Morocco to be a Moroccan separatist movement, referring to the Moroccan origins of most of its founding members, and its self-proclaimed SADR to be a puppet state used by Algeria to fight a proxy war against Morocco.

[edit] Polisario Front

The Polisario Front is a national liberation movement that opposes Moroccan occupation of Western Sahara. It began as a movement of disaffected students who felt torn between the divergent Spanish and Moroccan influences on the country. The original goal of the Polisario, which was to end Spanish colonialism in the region, was achieved, but their neighbours, Morocco and Mauritania, invaded the territory after Spain withdrew. The Polisario engaged in guerrilla warfare with the occupying forces. It evacuated the Sahrawi population to the Tindouf refugee camps due to Royal Moroccan Air Force bombing of the refugee camps on Sahrawi land with napalm and white phosphorus.[1][2]

The Polisario Front has called for the self-determination of the people of Western Sahara to be decided through a referendum. Although the SADR is not recognised as a state by the UN, the Polisario is considered a direct participant in the conflict as the legitimate representative of the Sahrawi people, recognized by the United Nations since 1979.[3]

The Polisario Front argues that Morocco's position is due to economical interests (fishing, phosphate mining, and the potential for oil) and political reasons (stability of the king's position and the governing elite in Morocco and the positioning[clarification needed] of the Moroccan Army). The Polisario Front proclaimed the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic in Bir Lehlou (Western Sahara), on February 27, 1976.

[edit] Mauritania

Claims on Western Sahara had proliferated since the 1960s, fuelled by Mauritanian President Moktar Ould Daddah. Before Mauritania signed the Madrid Accords and after the withdrawal of the last Spanish forces, in late 1975, the Mauritanian Army invaded the southern part of Western Sahara, while the Moroccan Army did the same in the north. In April 1976, Mauritania and Morocco partitioned the country into three parts, Mauritania getting the southern one, which was named Tiris al-Gharbiyya. Mauritania waged four years of war against Polisario guerrillas, conducting raids on Nouakchott, attacks on the Zouerate mine train and a coup d'état that deposed Ould Daddah. Mauritania finally withdrew in the summer of 1979, after signing the Argel Accord with the Polisario Front, recognizing the right of self-determination for the Sahrawi people, and renouncing any claims on Western Sahara. The Moroccan Army immediately occupied the former Mauritanian territory. Mauritania recognized the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic on February 27, 1984.

[edit] Algeria

Algeria has supported the independence of Western Sahara diplomatically since 1975 because of its own national liberation war. In 1976, Algeria got involved directly in the conflict, but after a military confrontation at Amgala against the Moroccan Army, Algeria's role became indirect, through political and military support for the Polisario Front. Morocco argues that the Algerian position is due to the 1963 Sand War, in which the two countries clashed.[citation needed] Algeria recognized the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic on March 6, 1976.

[edit] United Nations

Western Sahara was first placed, by Moroccan demand,[citation needed] on the UN list of territories to be decolonized in 1965, when it was still a Spanish colony. It has retained that status due to the persistence of the conflict.[4] The UN has been involved since 1988 in trying to find a solution to the conflict through self-determination. In 1988, the Kingdom of Morocco and the Polisario Front agreed to settle the dispute through a referendum under the auspices of the UN that would allow the people of Western Sahara to choose between independence or integration with Morocco. In 1991, a ceasefire was agreed upon between the parties, contingent on the referendum being held the following year. Due to disputes over voter qualification, the vote has still not been held, and Morocco has made it clear in 2000 that henceforth it will not consider any option leading to the independence of the territory,[citation needed] and instead, is now proposing autonomy within Morocco. Lately, the UN has argued for negotiations between Morocco and the Polisario Front to resolve the deadlock, culminating in the Manhasset negotiations.

Although Morocco claims that no recognition is required, Moroccan sovereignty over the territory is supported by the Arab League[5][6] and by some other states as a policy of deliberate ambiguity.

[edit] State recognition and diplomatic relations with the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic

Main article: International recognition of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
Foreign relations of the Sahrawi Republic:
  Ambassador level diplomatic relations
  Diplomatic recognition
  Diplomatic relations or recognition frozen or suspended
  Diplomatic relations or recognition canceled or withdrawn

84 states either currently recognize SADR or had recognized it in the past:

  • 49 have relations with the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic;
    • of these, 33 have ambassadorial level relations with the SADR (of these 17 are home to Sahrawi embassies);
  • nine have "suspended" or "frozen" relations;
  • 26 have "canceled" relations or "withdrawn" recognition (most recently Zambia[7] and Papua New Guinea[8]);

As of 9 July 2011, South Sudan is the most recent nation to formally recognise the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.


[edit] States with relations with the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic

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The following is a list of national governments that have diplomatic relations with the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic as a sovereign nation and, as its legitimate representatives, the government and institutions established in exile by the Polisario Front and currently based in Tindouf, Algeria. The vast majority of recognitions took place during the Western Sahara War period, between the 1970s and 1980s. Since the 1990s and the 1991 cease-fire agreement, some states have suspended or frozen diplomatic relations with the SADR, some stating they are awaiting the outcome of the referendum on self-determination.

# State Date of diplomatic recognition Date of diplomatic relations AU OIC AL &
AMU		 Embassy Relations
1  Algeria 01976-03-06 6 March 1976 March 1976 AU Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) OIC Arab League
AL
AMU		 Embassy[9]
2  Angola 01976-03-11 11 March 1976[10] March 1976 AU Embassy[11][12]
3  Barbados 01988-02-27 27 February 1988
4  Belize 01986-11-18 18 November 1986 Embassy (Non-resident)[13] Embassy based in Managua, Nicaragua.
5  Bolivia 01982-12-14 14 December 1982[14] Embassy (Non-resident)[15] Embassy based in Caracas, Venezuela.
6  Botswana 01980-05-14 14 May 1980 AU
7  Cambodia 01979-04-10 10 April 1979
8  Chad 01980-07-04 4 July 1980 AU Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) OIC Embassy (Non-resident) Relations suspended 9 May 1997;[citation needed] relations resumed 17 July 2007.[16]
9  Cuba 01980-01-20 20 January 1980[17] 1980 Embassy[18][19]
10  Ecuador 01983-11-14 14 November 1983 Embassy (Non-resident)[20] Embassy based in Caracas, Venezuela. Withdrawn 18 June 2004[21]; Relations resumed 8 February 2006.[22]
11  El Salvador 01989-07-31 31 July 1989[23] 1989 Embassy (Non-resident)[24] Embassy based in Panama City, Panama. Relations canceled April 1997, then resumed 6 June 2009.[25]
12  Ethiopia 01979-02-24 24 February 1979 AU Embassy[26]
13  Ghana 01979-08-24 24 August 1979 AU Embassy established September 2011.[27]
14  Guatemala[citation needed] 01986-04-10 10 April 1986
15  Guyana 01979-09-01 1 September 1979
16  Haiti 02006-11-22 22 November 2006[28] Embassy[29]
17  Honduras[30] 01989-11-11 11 November 1989
18  Iran 01980-02-27 27 February 1980[31][32] Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) OIC
19  Jamaica 01979-09-04 4 September 1979
20  Laos 01979-05-07 7 May 1979 Embassy (Non-resident)[33]
21  Lesotho 01979-10-09 9 October 1979[34][35] AU Embassy (Non-resident)[36] Embassy based in Pretoria, South Africa.
22  Libya 01980-04-15 15 April 1980[37] AU Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) OIC Arab League
AL
AMU
23  Mali[38] 01980-07-04 4 July 1980 AU Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) OIC
24  Mauritania 01984-02-27 27 February 1984[39] AU Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) OIC Arab League
AL
AMU
25  Mauritius 01982-07-01 1 July 1982 1983[40] AU Embassy (Non-resident)[41] Embassy based in Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania
26  Mexico 01979-09-08 8 September 1979[42] 01979-09-24 24 September 1979[43] Embassy[44]
27  Mozambique 01976-03-13 13 March 1976 AU Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) OIC Embassy[45]
28  Namibia 01990-06-11 11 June 1990[46] AU Embassy (Non-resident)[47] Embassy based in Luanda, Angola
29  Nicaragua 01979-09-06 6 September 1979 Embassy[48][49] Relations freezed 21 July 2000,[50] but re-established 12 January 2007[51]
30  Nigeria 01984-11-11 11 November 1984[52][53] AU Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) OIC Embassy[54][55][56]
31  North Korea 01976-03-16 16 March 1976
32  Panama 01978-06-23 23 June 1978[57] Embassy[58][59] Panama was the first American country to recognise the SADR, and has the oldest Sahrawi embassy on that continent.
33  Paraguay 02000-02-09 9 February 2000[60] Froze relations 25 July 2000, but reinstated them 11 August 2008.[61]
34  Rwanda 01976-04-01 1 April 1976 AU Embassy (Non-resident)[62] Embassy based in Kampala, Uganda[63]
35  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 02002-02-14 14 February 2002[64]
36  Sierra Leone 01980-03-27 27 March 1980 AU Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) OIC Froze relations 16 July 2003,[65] but reinstated them in 20 June 2011[66]
37  South Africa 02004-09-15 15 September 2004[67][68][69] 02004-09-15 15 September 2004 AU Embassy[70]
38  South Sudan 02011-07-09 9 July 2011[71] 02011-07-09 9 July 2011[72] AU Embassy (Non-resident)[72] Embassy based in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
39  Suriname 01982-08-11 11 August 1982
40  Syria 01980-04-15 15 April 1980 Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) OIC Arab League
AL
41  Tanzania 01978-11-09 9 November 1978[73] AU Embassy[74]
42  Timor-Leste 02002-05-20 20 May 2002[75] 02002-05-20 20 May 2002 Embassy[76] The Sahrawi Republic was the first country to establish relations with Timor-Leste or East Timor.
43  Trinidad and Tobago 01986-11-01 1 November 1986[77]
44  Uganda 01979-09-06 6 September 1979 AU Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) OIC Embassy[78]
45  Uruguay 02005-12-26 26 December 2005[79][80][81] Embassy established February 2011.[82]
46  Vanuatu 01980-11-27 27 November 1980 Embassy (Non-resident) Embassy based in Dili, Timor-Leste. Relations canceled 2000 when Vanuatu established ambassadorial level relations with Morocco.[83] Vanuatu reversed its cancellation decision in 2008 and established ambassadorial level relations also with the SADR.[84]
47  Venezuela 01982-08-03 3 August 1982 01982-12 December 1982[85] Embassy[86]
48  Vietnam 01976-03-02 2 March 1976[87] 01976-03-03 3 March 1976
49  Zimbabwe 01980-07-03 3 July 1980[88] AU Embassy established September 2011.[89]

[edit] States which have suspended relations

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The relations of the SADR are subject to continuous fluctuation, depending on different factors and the diplomatic activity of Morocco, the Polisario Front, Algeria, France and Spain.

After recognising an independent Western Sahara, some states have since suspended their relations. Others have chosen a milder option, to "freeze" relations pending the outcome of the referendum on self-determination or for other reasons.

The following is a list of governments that have, at one point, formally recognized Western Sahara as a sovereign nation and established diplomatic relations with it, but afterwards, for various reasons, either suspended or "froze" their relations.

# State Date of recognition AU OIC AL &
AMU		 Date of suspension of relations
1  Cape Verde 01979-07-04 4 July 1979 AU Froze relations 27 July 2007.[90]
2  Colombia 01985-02-27 27 February 1985[91] Froze relations December 2000.[92]
3  Costa Rica 01980-10-30 30 October 1980 Froze relations 22 April 2000.[93][94][95]
4  Dominican Republic 01986-06-24 24 June 1986 Froze relations 23 May 2002.[96]
5  Kenya 02005-06-25 25 June 2005 AU Froze relations 20 July 2006.[97]
6  Madagascar 01976-02-28 28 February 1976 AU Froze relations 4 July 2005.[98][99] Madagascar was the first country on recognising the SADR, hours before the proclamation.
7  Peru 01984-08-16 16 August 1984 Froze relations 9 September 1996.[100]
8  Swaziland 01980-04-28 28 April 1980 AU Relations suspended 4 August 1997.[citation needed]

[edit] States which have withdrawn or canceled recognition or relations

A number of states that once recognized the SADR have canceled relations and recognition or withdrawn their recognition. Several states have done this mostly because of Moroccan political pressures and economic assistance or investments.[101][102][103][104][105][106]

According to international law regarding recognition of states, contained in article 6 of the Montevideo Convention on the Rights and Duties of States:

“ "Recognition of a state simply means that the state recognizes it accepts the personality of the other with all the rights and duties determined by international law. Recognition is unconditional and irrevocable". ”

—Article 6, Montevideo Convention on the Rights and Duties of States. December 26, 1933

Therefore, once one state recognizes another as a fellow sovereign state, this recognition cannot be revoked, except when one or the other ceases to exist. One can only revoke the recognition of a government (for example by breaking off diplomatic relations), not of the state itself.[original research?]

# State Date of recognition AU OIC AL &
AMU		 former Embassy Date of cancellation of relations or withdrawal of recognition
1  Afghanistan 01979-05-26 26 May 1979 Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) OIC Relations canceled 11 July 2002.[citation needed]
2  Albania 01987-12-29 29 December 1987 [4] Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) OIC Relations canceled 11 November 2004.[citation needed] Last European country to recognize the SADR
3  Antigua and Barbuda 01987-02-27 27 February 1987 Relations canceled 16 August 2010.[107]
4  Benin 01976-03-11 11 March 1976 AU Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) OIC Relations canceled 21 March 1997.[citation needed]
5  Burkina Faso 01984-03-04 4 March 1984 AU Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) OIC Relations canceled 5 June 1996.[citation needed]
6  Burundi 01976-03-01 1 March 1976[108] AU Froze relations 5 May 2006; reinstated 16 June 2008.[109] but canceled October 25, 2010[110]
7  Republic of the Congo 01978-06-03 3 June 1978 AU Relations canceled 13 September 1996.[citation needed]
8  Dominica 01979-09-01 1 September 1979 Relations canceled 22 July 2010.[111]
9  Equatorial Guinea 01978-11-03 3 November 1978 AU Relations canceled May 1980[citation needed]
10  Guinea-Bissau 01976-03-15 15 March 1976[112] AU Withdrew recognition March 1997,[112] relations resumed 26 May 2009,[113] but withdrawn again 30 March 2010.[114]
11  Grenada 01979-08-20 20 August 1979 Relations canceled 16 August 2010.[107]
12  India 01985-10-01 1 October 1985 Relations canceled 26 June 2000.[citation needed]
13  Malawi 01994-11-16 16 November 1994 AU Relations canceled 16 September 2008.[115]
14  Nauru 01981-08-12 12 August 1981 Relations canceled 15 September 2000.[citation needed]
15  Kiribati 01981-08-12 12 August 1981 Relations canceled 15 September 2000.[citation needed]
16  Liberia 01985-07-31 31 July 1985 AU Relations canceled 5 September 1997.[citation needed]
17  Papua New Guinea 01981-08-12 12 August 1981 Relations canceled 2 April 2011.[8]
18  Saint Lucia 01979-09-01 1 September 1979 Relations canceled 16 August 2010.[107]
19  Saint Kitts and Nevis 01987-02-25 25 February 1987 Relations canceled 16 August 2010.[107]
20  São Tomé and Príncipe 01978-06-22 22 June 1978 AU Relations canceled 23 October 1996.[citation needed]
21  Seychelles 01977-10-25 25 October 1977 AU Relations canceled 17 March 2008.[116]
22  Solomon Islands 01981-08-12 12 August 1981 Relations canceled January 1989.[citation needed]
23  Togo 01976-03-17 17 March 1976 AU Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) OIC Relations canceled 18 June 1997.[citation needed]
24  Tuvalu 01981-08-12 12 August 1981 Relations canceled 15 September 2000.[citation needed]
25  Zambia 01979-10-12 12 October 1979 Relations canceled 29 March 2011.[7]

[edit] Positions on Western Sahara conflict

Positions on the status of Western Sahara:
  Diplomatic relations with or recognition of the Sahrawi Republic
  Support for Morocco territorial claim (including support for autonomy under Moroccan sovereignty); SADR relations or recognition canceled or withdrawn (if no other position expressed)
  Support for self-determination of the Sahrawi people; SADR relations or recognition suspended or frozen (if no other position expressed)
  None or conflicting positions expressed

The following lists contain the following states and entities:

  • 82 states, the United Nations, the Non-Aligned Movement, the African Union and the European Union (EU) support "the right of self-determination of the Sahrawi people" (for example the conduction of referendum for status determination),
    • of these, 29 states do not recognize the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic;
    • of these, 73 states recognize the Polisario Front as the legitimate representative of the Sahrawi people;
    • of these, one state and the EU do not recognize the Polisario Front as the legitimate representative of the Sahrawi people;
  • 45 states support Moroccan claims on Western Sahara, but do not recognize its sovereignty over it

Some states are on both lists; for example, when a state is supportive of the "right of self-determination", including the option of autonomy under Morocco sovereignty. Some states have changed their opinion frequently or have given separate announcements of support for both Morocco and the Polisario Front/SADR (Paraguay, Belgium, Benin, Botswana, Burundi, Chile, Dominican Republic, Guatemala, Guinea-Bissau, Malawi, Peru, Russia, Sierra Leone, Swaziland)[citation needed].

Some of the states announcing support of the "right of self-determination" already recognize the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic. Not all of the states that have canceled relations with or withdrawn recognition of SADR have announced their support for the Moroccan claims.

The following states and entities have not announced any position:

[edit] States supporting Sahrawi claims on Western Sahara

States expressing support for SADR claims and/or the Sahrawi people right on self-determination

Apart from the states that fully recognize the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic as the sovereign state of Western Sahara, some other states, although not recognizing the SADR for various reasons, have expressed explicit support for the right of self-determination of the Sahrawi people, which is the principal position of the Polisario Front. Some states that do not recognize the Sahrawi Republic (neither as a state, nor as a government-in-exile) may, however, recognize the Polisario Front as the legitimate representative of the Sahrawi people.

# State Notes International membership
1  Algeria[117][dead link][118][dead link][119][dead link][120][121][122][123] African Union member

 Arab League member
 OIC member
2  Angola[11][dead link][124][dead link][125][126][127] African Union member
3  Argentina[128]
4  Australia In November 2004, the Australian Senate called on the Australian government to recognize the Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic.[129]
5  Austria[130][128]
6  Belgium[131][dead link]
7  Belize[132][dead link][133][dead link][134]
8  Bolivia[14][dead link][135]
9  Botswana[136][dead link][137][138][dead link] African Union member
10  Brazil[139][dead link][140]
11  Burma[140]
12  Burundi[141][dead link] African Union member
13  Chad[142][dead link] African Union member

 OIC member
14  Chile[143][dead link][144] The Chilean Congress had repeatedly (September 1999, October 2007, July 2009, August 2010.) called on the Chilean government to recognize the Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic[145][146].
15  People's Republic of China[147][148][dead link] United Nations permanent member of the UNSC
16  Colombia[149][dead link]
17  Costa Rica[150][dead link][151][dead link][152][128]
18  Cuba[153][154]
19  Cyprus[155][dead link]
20  Denmark In June 2004, the Danish Foreign Minister Per Stig Møller said that they do not "recognise Moroccan sovereignty on Western Sahara", and considered the Morrocan presence in Western Sahara as "illegal" and "unacceptable".[156] In May 2010, Foreign Minister of Denmark Lene Espersen stated that Denmark supports the self-determination of the Sahrawi people.[157] In 2011, Denmark has repeatedly voted "no" against EU fisheries in Western Sahara, saying that Denmark will vote "no" as long as the Moroccan government fails to give more information to Western Sahara.[158] In April 2011, Lene Espersen said that Denmark doesn't consider recognizing the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, because it won't solve the conflict.[159]
21  Dominica[137][dead link]|
22  Dominican Republic[160]
23  East Timor[161][dead link][162][dead link][163][dead link][164][165]
24  Ecuador[166][dead link][167][dead link][168][dead link]
25  Egypt[169] African Union member

 Arab League member
 OIC member
26  El Salvador[170][dead link]
27  Ethiopia[171][dead link][172][dead link] African Union member
28  Fiji[160]
29  Finland[173][dead link]
30  Germany[174][dead link][128][175][dead link]
31  Ghana[176][dead link][177][178] African Union member
32  Greece[140][128]
33  Guatemala[140]
34  Guinea-Bissau[179][dead link][180][dead link] African Union member
35  Haiti[28]
36  Hungary[140]
37  Iceland[181][dead link]
38  Iran[182][dead link]  OIC member
39  Ireland[183][dead link][184][dead link][140]
40  Italy[185][dead link][186][dead link][140]
41  Jamaica[187][dead link][188]
42  Jordan[189][dead link]  Arab League member

 OIC member
43  Lesotho[190][dead link][191][192][dead link][193][dead link][194][195] African Union member
44  Libya[196][dead link][197][dead link][198][dead link] African Union member

 Arab League member
 OIC member
45  Malawi[199][200] African Union member
46  Malaysia[140]
47  Mali[201][dead link][120][121] African Union member

 OIC member
48  Mauritius[202][dead link][40] African Union member
49  Mexico[203][dead link][204][dead link][205][dead link][206]
50  Mozambique[207][dead link][208][dead link][209][dead link][210][211] African Union member

 OIC member
51  Namibia[137][138][212][dead link][213][dead link][214][215] African Union member
52  New Zealand[140]
53  Nicaragua[216][dead link][217][dead link][218][dead link][219][220]
54  Nigeria[52][202][221][dead link][222][dead link][223][dead link][224] African Union member

 OIC member
55  Norway[225][dead link][226][dead link][140]
56  Panama[227][dead link][228][dead link][229][dead link]
57  Paraguay[230][dead link][231][dead link][232]
58  Peru[233][dead link][140][128]
59  Portugal[234][140][235][dead link]
60  Republic of the Congo[236][dead link][237][dead link] African Union member
61  Russia[238][dead link][239] United Nations permanent member of the UNSC
62  Rwanda[240][dead link] African Union member
63  São Tomé and Príncipe[241][dead link] African Union member
64  Seychelles[242][dead link] African Union member
65  Slovakia[243][dead link]
66  Slovenia[140]
67  South Africa[67][dead link][244][dead link][245][dead link][246][247] African Union member
68  South Korea[128]
69  South Sudan[248] African Union member
70  Spain[249][dead link][250][dead link][251][252]
71  Suriname[253][dead link]  OIC member
72  Sweden[254][255]
73  Switzerland[256]
74  Tanzania[257][dead link][258][259][dead link][260][dead link][261] African Union member
75  Uganda[262][dead link][263][dead link][264] African Union member

 OIC member
76  United Kingdom[147][dead link][265][266][dead link][128][267] United Nations permanent member of the UNSC
77  United States[268][269] United Nations permanent member of the UNSC
78  Uruguay[270][dead link][271][dead link][272][dead link][273][274][275]
79  Venezuela[276][277][278]
80  Vietnam[279][dead link]
81  Zambia[280][dead link][281][dead link][188] African Union member
82  Zimbabwe[138][282][dead link][283][284] African Union member

[edit] States with limited recognition supporting Sahrawi claims on Western Sahara

State Notes International membership
 South Ossetia The government of South Ossetia condemned Morocco for using force to stamp out Sahrawi claims to independence. SADR and South Ossetia do not have diplomatic relations, but recognized either as the "de facto" governments of their respective territories.[285]

[edit] States supporting Moroccan claims on Western Sahara

States expressing support for Moroccan claims and/or the Moroccan autonomy plan.

No state recognizes the sovereignty of Morocco over Western Sahara, although many states have expressed support for Moroccan claims, or endorsed the Moroccan autonomy initiative for the territory. Several states have withdrawn their recognition of the SADR or canceled their relations with the SADR (close to 20 countries), mostly because of Moroccan pressure and negotiations.[citation needed]

However, some international organizations, such as the Arab League and the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, have recognized the sovereignty of Morocco over what it calls its Southern Provinces.[286][287] Some UN member states have expressed explicit support of Morocco's territorial integrity in reference to Western Sahara as Moroccan provinces, while others have endorsed or complemented the Moroccan proposal of autonomy for the territory as being credible and serious.[288] Morocco and Sudan[289] are the only countries to make a public declaration of Moroccan sovereignty over the region, but Sudan has since withdrawn its declaration. Morocco's old allies, France and the United States, have provided the kingdom with economic, diplomatic, and military aid, throughout the conflict. Saudi Arabia provided much economic aid as well.[290]

China (PRC)

Morocco and the PRC maintain close relations, that have been improving steadily in the past decades. China has shown strong support for Morocco's territorial integrity on numerous occasions, and has welcomed the proposals put forth by Morocco in the peace negotiations.[291]

France

France enjoys close relations with Morocco. It is the kingdom's leading trade partner and the leading source of public development aid and private investments. The country claims neutrality on the Western Sahara issue, despite its military involvement in the Western Sahara War on the side of Morocco and Mauritania (see Operation Lamantin). In 2009[292][293] and 2010,[294][295] France used the threat of its veto power to block the establishment of Human Rights monitoring by the MINURSO in Western Sahara. France has been a major backer of the Moroccan autonomy plan and in the EU negotiated the concession of the advanced status to Morocco.[296]

United States
Unbalanced scales.svg
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Main article: Morocco – United States relations#American policy on Western Sahara conflict
Photo of Former Assistant Secretary of State, David Welch (2005-2008) who in 2007 expressed strong support for Morocco and its autonomy plan in the conflict over Western Sahara, calling the plan a "serious and credible" solution.[297]

While President Barack Obama has yet to announce publicly his stance on the conflict over Western Sahara, former President Bill Clinton set a precedent which his successor, George W. Bush, followed. Both Presidents Clinton and Bush sided with Morocco and maintained the position that "Genuine autonomy under Moroccan sovereignty [is] the only feasible solution."[298]

The Obama administration disassociated itself from Moroccan autonomy in 2009, reversing the Bush-backed support of the Moroccan plan, and returning to a pre-Bush position, wherein the option of an independent Western Sahara is on the table again.[299]

In April 2009, 229 members of the U.S. House of Representatives, a clear majority and more than 50 more than the number who signed the letter[clarification needed] in 2007, called on President Obama to support Morocco’s peace plan and to assist in drawing the conflict to a close. The signers[clarification needed] included Democratic Majority Leader Steny Hoyer and Republican Minority Leader John Boehner. In addition to noting that Western Sahara has become a recruiting post for radical Islamists, the letter affirmed that the conflict is “the single greatest obstacle impending the security and cooperation necessary to combat” terrorism in the Maghreb.[300] The letter referenced UN Security Council Resolution 1813 (2008), and encouraged President Obama to follow the policy set by President Clinton and followed by President Bush.[300] The congressmen expressed concerns about Western Sahara's viability. They referenced a UN fact-finding mission to Western Sahara which confirmed the State Department’s view that the Polisario proposal, which ultimately stands for independence, would lead to a non-viable state.[300] In closing, the letter stated, "We remain convinced that the U.S. position, favoring autonomy for Western Sahara under Moroccan sovereignty is the only feasible solution. We urge you to both sustain this longstanding policy, and to make clear, in both words and actions, that the United States will work to ensure that the UN process continues to support this framework as the only realistic compromise that can bring this unfortunate and longstanding conflict to an end."[300] Commenting on a 2004 free trade agreement with Morocco, US Trade Representative Robert Zoellick stated in a letter to Congressman Joe Pitts in response to his questioning, "the United States and many other countries do not recognize Moroccan sovereignty over Western Sahara and have consistently urged the parties to work with the United Nations to resolve the conflict by peaceful means. The Free Trade Agreement will not include Western Sahara."[301][302]

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# State Notes References
1  Argentina [303][dead link][304][dead link]
2  Bahrain Arab LeagueArab league member [305][dead link]
3  Benin [306][dead link][307][dead link]
4  Bulgaria European UnionEU member [308][309][310]
5  Cameroon [306][dead link]
6  Central African Republic [311][dead link][312][dead link]
7  Chile [313][314][315]
8  Colombia [316][317][318][dead link]
9  Democratic Republic of Congo [319][dead link]
10  Dominican Republic [320][dead link]
11  Egypt Arab LeagueArab league member [321][dead link]
12  Equatorial Guinea [322][dead link]
13  France United Nationspermanent member of UNSC
European UnionEU member		 [323][324][325][326]
[327][328]
14  Gabon [329][330]
15  Gambia [331][332][333][334]
16  Germany European UnionEU member [335][336]
17  Guinea [337][dead link]
18  Guinea-Bissau [338][dead link]
19  Indonesia [339][dead link]
20  Kuwait Arab LeagueArab league member [340][dead link]
21  Macedonia [341]
22  Madagascar [342][dead link][343][dead link]
23  Malawi [344]
24  Maldives [345]
25  Netherlands European UnionEU member [346][347]
26  Niger [306][348][dead link]
27  Paraguay [349][350][351]
28  Peru [352][353]
29  Poland European UnionEU member [354][355][356]
30  Portugal European UnionEU member [357][358][359]
31  Romania European UnionEU member [360][361][362]
32  Russia United Nationspermanent member of UNSC [363][364]
33  Saudi Arabia Arab LeagueArab league member [365]
34  Senegal [366][367]
35  Serbia [368][369]
36  Sierra Leone [370][371][372]
37  Sudan Arab LeagueArab league member [289][373][374]
38  Swaziland [375][dead link]
39  Tunisia Arab LeagueArab league member [376][not in citation given]
40  Turkey [377][dead link]
41  United States United Nationspermanent member of UNSC [298][298][300][378][379]
[327][380][381]
42  Yemen Arab LeagueArab league member [382][dead link]

[edit] Status of Western Sahara according to various international organizations

Organization Membership Position
African Union (Formerly OAU) 22 February 1982 The Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic is a fully recognised AU founding member.[383]
Arab League Arab League Not a member. Considered as part of Morocco.[384]
Arab Maghreb Union Not a member.
Flag of CARICOM.svg Caribbean Community (CARICOM) Not a member. The CARICOM supports the right of the Western Sahara people's to self-determination, consistent with the principles and purposes of the Charter of the United Nations.[385]
Non-Aligned Movement Not a member. The NAM supports the right of the Western Sahara people's to self-determination, consistent with the principles and purposes of the Charter of the United Nations and General Assembly resolution 1514 (XV) of 14 December 1960.[386]
 Organisation of Islamic Cooperation Not a member. Considered as part of Morocco[citation needed].
Rio Group Not a member. The Rio Group supports the resolutions adopted by the UN to achieve a just, lasting and mutually acceptable solution that leads to the self-determination of the people of Western Sahara, in the context of compatible accords with the principles of the UN charter and the Resolution 1514 (XV) of the General Assembly and other pertinent resolutions.[387][388]
 United Nations Not a member. The UN does not recognize Moroccan claims, as the Western Sahara remains in its List of Non-Self-Governing Territories since 1963. The Security Council had argued for direct negotiations between Morocco and the Polisario Front.[389] It had approved more than 100 resolutions supporting the right of Self-determination of the Sahrawi people.

The SADR is also a member of the Asian-African Strategic Partnership, formed at the 2005 Asian-African Conference, over Moroccan objections to SADR participation.[390] In 2006, the SADR participated in a conference of the Permanent Conference of Political Parties of the Latin American and the Caribbean.[391]

In 2010, the SADR ambassador to Nicaragua participated in the opening conference of the Central American Parliament[392]

African Union

In February 22, 1982, the SADR secured membership in the Organisation of African Unity.[393]

The African Union (formerly the OAU) has given the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic full recognition,[383] and accepted it as a member state (which has led Morocco to leave the union.[394]). Mohamed Abdelaziz, president of the SADR, has been vicepresident of the OUA in 1985, and of the AU in 2002.

European Union

The European Union supports the right of self-determination of the Sahrawi people (the MINURSO UN-sponsored referendum),[395] but does not recognize the Polisario Front.[396][unreliable source?] Over practical issues such as fishing in the EEZ the EU deals with Morocco as the country currently exercising "jurisdiction, but not sovereignty" over the Western Sahara territory.[397] In addition, members of the EFTA trade bloc have made statements excluding the Western Sahara from the Moroccan-EFTA free trade agreement.[398]

United Nations

Since 1966, the United Nations request for the celebration of a referendum for enabling the "indigenous population" to exercise freely their right to self-determination.[399] Since 1979, the United Nations has recognized the Polisario Front as the representative of the people of Western Sahara, and considered Morocco as an occupying force.[3]

Former United Nations Secretary-General Kofi Annan stressed, in his last report on Western Sahara, to the Security Council:

"The Security Council would not be able to invite parties to negotiate about Western Saharan autonomy under Moroccan sovereignty, for such wording would imply recognition of Moroccan sovereignty over Western Sahara, which was out of the question as long as no States Member of the United Nations had recognized that sovereignty".[400] Spain is still considered as the administrative power, but Morocco however is the de facto administrating power since it controls most of the territory."[401]

[edit] See also

[edit] References

  • Hodges, Tony. Western Sahara: Roots of a Desert War, Lawrence Hill & Company, 1983, ISBN 0-88208-152-7, p. 308
  • Hodges, Tony, and Pazzanita, Anthony. Historical Dictionary of Western Sahara, 2 ed., Scarecrow Press, 1994, ISBN 0-8108-2661-5, pp. 378–379.
  1. ^ Surendra Bhutani, Conflict on Western Sahara, Strategic Analysis, 1754-0054, Volume 2, Issue 7, 1978, Pages 251 – 256.
  2. ^ Tomás Bárbulo, La historia prohibida del Sáhara Español, Destino, Imago mundi, Volume 21, 2002, Pages 284-285
  3. ^ a b Point 7, Res. 34/37 -Question of Western Sahara- 34th General assembly UN, 21-11-1979
  4. ^ United Nations Fourth Committee (2002). "Non-Self-Governing Territories listed by GA in 2002". United Nations. http://un.org/Depts/dpi/decolonization/trust3.htm. Retrieved 2006-08-20. 
  5. ^ Arabicnews.com (1998-12-17). "Arab League withdraws inaccurate Moroccan maps". Arabicnews.com. http://www.arabicnews.com/ansub/Daily/Day/981217/1998121758.html. Retrieved 2006-07-15. [dead link]
  6. ^ Arabicnews.com (1999-01-08). "Arab League supports Morocco's territorial integrity". Arabicnews.com. http://www.arabicnews.com/ansub/Daily/Day/990108/1999010849.html. Retrieved 2006-07-15. [dead link]
  7. ^ a b [1]
  8. ^ a b [2]
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  10. ^ "President of Republic arrives in Angola on official visit". SPS. 14-06-2010. http://www.spsrasd.info/en/detail.php?id=12571. Retrieved 30-09-2010. 
  11. ^ a b "O Embaixador da RASD em Angola, Hamdi Bouila, destacou hoje, em Luanda, as "cordiais relações" existentes entre os dois países e povos". ANGOP. 17-10-2001. http://www.portalangop.co.ao/motix/pt_pt/noticias/politica/2001/9/42/,a7c506af-976d-4859-9030-a571ff448643.html. Retrieved 02-06-2010.  (Portuguese)
  12. ^ "Embaixador saharaui enaltece reconstrução de Angola". ANGOP. 02-10-2008. http://www.portalangop.co.ao/motix/pt_pt/noticias/politica/2008/9/40/Embaixador-saharaui-enaltece-reconstrucao-Angola,ae15c253-fe4b-40ca-a2e4-e5a07edcb83e.html. Retrieved 02-06-2010.  (Portuguese)
  13. ^ Non-Resident Embassies & Consulates - Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic Ministry of Foreign affairs - Belize
  14. ^ a b "Bolivia reiterates its support to the Saharawi people’s struggle for independence". SPS. 21-01-2006. http://www.spsrasd.info/sps-e210106.html#2. Retrieved 12-06-2010. 
  15. ^ Noticias: Embajador Saharaui se acredita ante gobierno de Bolivia Embajada de la RASD en Venezuela (Spanish)
  16. ^ El Chad y la República Saharaui elevan sus relaciones diplomáticas a nivel de embajadores (Spanish)
  17. ^ "Ricardo Alarcón reitera la posición invariable de Cuba a la justa lucha del pueblo saharaui". SPS. 17-07-2010. http://www.spsrasd.info/en/detail.php?id=12640. Retrieved 30-09-2010.  (Spanish)
  18. ^ Pazzanita, p. 376
  19. ^ Representaciones Diplomáticas y Consulares acreditadas en Cuba (Spanish)
  20. ^ Presentación de Cartas Credenciales del nuevo embajador saharaui en Ecuador
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  23. ^ "Canciller Martínez apoya solución pacífica y negociada en el Sahara Occidental". Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores de El Salvador. 29-11-2010. http://www.rree.gob.sv/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=1094:canciller-martínez-apoya-solución-pacífica-y-negociada-en-el-sahara-occidental. Retrieved 01-12-2010.  (Spanish)
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  25. ^ "President of Republic ends his visit to El Salvador". SPS. 06-06-2009. http://www.spsrasd.info/en/detail.php?id=5582. Retrieved 30-11-2010. 
  26. ^ Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (2005-07-04). "Embassies of Ethiopia". Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia. http://www.ethioembassy.org.uk/embassies/lists/embassies.htm. Retrieved 2006-08-20. 
  27. ^ "Mills Commends Donor Community For Supporting Ghana". Daily Graphic (Ghana). 2011-09-09. http://www.graphic.com.gh/dailygraphic/page.php?news=15439. Retrieved 2011-09-12. 
  28. ^ a b Haïti establishes diplomatic relations with the Saharawi Republic at an Ambassadorial level SPS, November 23, 2006.
  29. ^ "Dans le champ de mines marocain" Le Nouvelliste, November 24, 2006. (French)
  30. ^ "Le Honduras dement la propagande marocaine". SPS. 04-02-2000. http://www.spsrasd.info/sps-040200.html. Retrieved 10-12-2010.  (French)
  31. ^ "Iran recognises "the Saharawi Republic and see the solution within the UN framework", Declares Iran's Ambassador to Algiers". Sahara Presse Service. 2006-02-17. http://www.spsrasd.info/sps-e170206.html. Retrieved 2006-07-15. 
  32. ^ [3]
  33. ^ List of states which the Lao PDR has established diplomatic relations since 1950 The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Lao PDR
  34. ^ "Statement by the Honourable Motsoahae Thomas Thabane Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Kingdom of Lesotho at the 56th Session of the United Nations General Assembly". 2001-11-15. http://www.un.org/webcast/ga/56/statements/011115lesothoE.htm. Retrieved 2005-07-15. 
  35. ^ "Africa works "seriously for the decolonisation of Western Sahara", declares Mohlabi Kenneth Tsekoa". Sahara Presse Service. 2004-07-08. http://www.spsrasd.info/sps-e080704.html#2. Retrieved 2006-07-15. 
  36. ^ "Lesotho king says Sahrawi is a sovereign state". Afrique Avenir. 2010-04-09. http://www.afriqueavenir.org/en/2010/04/09/lesotho-king-says-saharawi-is-a-sovereign-state/. Retrieved 2010-05-08. 
  37. ^ "Maghrib Relations". Country-data.com. 1987. http://www.country-data.com/cgi-bin/query/r-8231.html. Retrieved 2006-07-15. 
  38. ^ "Mali allows SADR to go after terrorists on its territory (official)". SPS. 31-12-2011. http://www.spsrasd.info/en/content/mali-allows-sadr-go-after-terrorists-its-territory-official. Retrieved 22-01-2012. 
  39. ^ "The Haidalla Regime". http://countrystudies.us/mauritania/22.htm. Retrieved 2006-07-15. 
  40. ^ a b "The Diplomat -Newsletter- issue nº 7". Republic of Mauritius - Ministry of Foreign affairs,Regional integration and International trade. July 2011. http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/mfasite/files/NEWSLETTER_07.pdf. Retrieved 15-02-2012.  Arvin Boolell: "Mauritius has consistently supported the right to self-determination and independence of the people of Western Sahara and entertains close diplomatic relations with the Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR) since 1983."
  41. ^ Embassy of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic in Mauritius
  42. ^ United Mexican States. "Conflicto en el Sahara Occidental" (in Spanish) (PDF). United Mexican States. Archived from the original on 2006-08-22. http://web.archive.org/web/20060822131301/http://www.senado.gob.mx/internacionales/assets/docs/relaciones_parlamentarias/africa/reuniones/marruecos7.pdf. Retrieved 2006-08-20. 
  43. ^ "Las relaciones entre México y la República Árabe Saharaui Democrática" (in Spanish). Embajada de la RASD en México. http://www.embajadasaharauimexico.org/rasd-en-mexico/rel-diplomaticas.html. Retrieved 19-01-2011. 
  44. ^ Embajada de la República Árabe Saharaui Democrática en México
  45. ^ "The new Saharawi Ambassador, Adda Hmeim, presents his letters of credit to the Mozambican President". SPS. 10-11-2004. http://www.spsrasd.info/sps-e101104.html#2. Retrieved 03-06-2010. 
  46. ^ Namibia reaffirms its constant position of support to the Saharawi people
  47. ^ "New Saharawi ambassador presents his credentials to President of Namibia, Hifikepunye Pehambia". SPS. 06-06-2009. http://www.spsrasd.info/en/detail.php?id=5589. Retrieved 03-06-2010. 
  48. ^ Saharawi ambassador presents credential cards to president of Nicaragua. SPS, January 31, 2010.
  49. ^ "Presenta cartas credenciales el Embajador saharaui en Nicaragua". Espacios Europeos. 02-02-2010. http://espacioseuropeos.com/?p=13280. Retrieved 16-02-2012. 
  50. ^ "Nicaragua congela relaciones unilaterales con Saharaui". Bolsa de noticias. 03-08-2000. http://www.grupoese.com.ni/2000/bn/08/03/saharauiMM0803.htm. Retrieved 16-02-2012.  (Spanish)
  51. ^ "Nicaragua y la RASD establecen oficialmente relaciones diplomáticas". Um Draiga (SPS). 12-01-2007. http://www.umdraiga.com/noticias/2007/nicaraguarasd.htm. Retrieved 16-02-2012.  (Spanish)
  52. ^ a b "President of Republic participates in Independence Day celebrations in Nigeria". SPS. 29-09-2010. http://www.spsrasd.info/en/detail.php?id=13531. Retrieved 30-09-2010. 
  53. ^ SPSC letter, vol. V, nº 2-3, p. 3, November 1984
  54. ^ "Arrival of the President of the Republic to Abuja to take part to the African Union's Summit". Sahara Presse Service. 2005-01-30. http://www.spsrasd.info/sps-e300105.html. Retrieved 2006-07-15. 
  55. ^ Saharawi envoy delivers special message to Kufuor
  56. ^ Western Sahara weekly news - Diplomacy
  57. ^ "Conferencia sobre el conflicto del Sahara Occidental en la República de Panamá". SPS. 15-10-2010. http://www.spsrasd.info/en/detail.php?id=7423. Retrieved 30-09-2010.  (Spanish)
  58. ^ Haddi Larosi. "Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic embassy in Panama" (in Spanish). Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic. Archived from the original on 2006-07-05. http://web.archive.org/web/20060705094527/http://es.geocities.com/websahocc/index.html. Retrieved 2006-08-20. 
  59. ^ "Nuevos embajadores presentan Cartas Credenciales" (in Spanish). Gobierno Nacional - República de Panamá. 04-06-2009. http://www.sigob.gob.pa/prensa/default.asp?codigo=1837. Retrieved 03-06-2010. 
  60. ^ "La RASD et le Paraguay etablissent des relations diplomatiques" (in French). SPS. 10-02-2000. http://www.spsrasd.info/sps-100200.html. Retrieved 09-06-2010. 
  61. ^ "Paraguay and the Saharawi Republic resume diplomatic relations (Paraguayan Minister)". SPS. 12-08-2008. http://www.spsrasd.info/en/detail.php?id=2291. Retrieved 09-06-2010. 
  62. ^ "New ambassadors presents copies of credentials to the Minister of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation". MINAFFET (Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation-Republic of Rwanda). 05-12-2011. http://www.minaffet.gov.rw/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=425&Itemid=1. Retrieved 02-02-2012. 
  63. ^ "President Kagame receives credentials of six new Ambassadors". Republic of Rwanda - Office of the president. 06-12-2011. http://www.presidency.gov.rw/component/content/article/1-latest-news/564-president-kagame-receives-credentials-of-six-new-ambassadors. Retrieved 10-12-2011. 
  64. ^ "Western Sahara - Sahara Occidental Joint Statement". 2002-02-15. http://www.arso.org/SvGren.140202.htm. Retrieved 2006-07-15. 
  65. ^ "Morocco: Sierra Leone freezes recognition of Polisario, Saharan republic.". Asia Africa intelligence wire (BBC monitoring international reports). 16-06-2003. http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-23852429_ITM. Retrieved 10-12-2010. 
  66. ^ "Special envoy brings President Koroma good message". The Republic of Sierra Leone - State House. 20-06-2011. http://www.statehouse.gov.sl/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=330:special-envoy-brings-president-koroma-good-message&catid=34:news-articles. Retrieved 29-10-2011. 
  67. ^ a b South Africa recognises the Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic ARSO
  68. ^ "South Africa recognises Sahrawi Republic" (Press release). (SAPA) News 24. 2004-09-15. http://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/SA-recognises-Saharawi-20040915. Retrieved 2010-05-05. 
  69. ^ ">"South Africa keeps its word on recognising Sahrawi nine years after Mandela's pledge" (Press release). Cape Times. 2004-09-16. http://www.capetimes.co.za/general/print_article.php?fArticleId=2226609&fSectionId=271&fSetId=520. Retrieved 2010-05-05. 
  70. ^ Foreign Representatives in South Africa - Embassy of the Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic
  71. ^ "Saharawi Republic formally recognizes Republic of South Sudan" (Press release). SPS. 2011-07-09. http://www.spsrasd.info/en/content/saharawi-republic-formally-recognizes-republic-south-sudan. Retrieved 2011-07-11. 
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  75. ^ "On the establishment of diplomatic relations between the Democratic Republic of East Timor and the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic" SADR ministry of Information, May 20, 2002
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  77. ^ "FM congratulates his counterpart of Trinidad and Tobago." (Press release). SPS. 2010-06-03. http://www.spsrasd.info/en/detail.php?id=11896. Retrieved 2010-06-08. 
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  85. ^ Venezuela y la República Saharaui continúan cooperación bilateral Ministerio del Poder Popular para Relaciones Exteriores - República Bolivariana de Venezuela (Spanish)
  86. ^ Haddi Larosi. "Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic embassy in Venezuela" (in Spanish). Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic. Archived from the original on 2006-09-02. http://web.archive.org/web/20060902065915/http://es.geocities.com/embrasdven/index.html. Retrieved 2006-08-20. 
  87. ^ List of the countries and territories maintaining diplomatic relations with Vietnam Government Web Portal - Socialist Republic of Vietnam
  88. ^ Mabasa Sasa (19-11-2009). "Zimbabwe: Respect Our Foreign Policy". AllAfrica.com (The Herald online). http://allafrica.com/stories/200911190865.html. Retrieved 24-09-2011. 
  89. ^ "Announcement of the opening of an embassy for the Saharawi Republic in Zimbabwe". SPS. 17-09-2011. http://www.spsrasd.info/en/content/announcement-opening-embassy-saharawi-republic-zimbabwe. Retrieved 24-09-2011. 
  90. ^ Sáhara Occidental-Cabo Verde. Por un puñado de dólares (Spanish)
  91. ^ El Sáhara Occidental y los desafíos democráticos (Spanish)
  92. ^ "Saharauis piden a Colombia restablecer relaciones". El Tiempo (Colombia). 15-02-2006. http://www.eltiempo.com/archivo/documento/MAM-1916472. Retrieved 10-12-2010.  (Spanish)
  93. ^ Relaciones con los países de Asia, África y Oceanía - X. República Árabe Democrática Saharaui Asamblea Legislativa de la República de Costa Rica (Spanish)
  94. ^ "El Sahara quiere descongelar relaciones con Costa Rica". La Nación (San José). 05-06-2008. http://wvw.nacion.com/ln_ee/2008/junio/05/mundo1564540.html. Retrieved 09-12-2010.  (Spanish)
  95. ^ "Costa Rica reafirma decisión de congelar relaciones con República del Sahara". La Nación (EFE. 05-06-2000. http://wvw.nacion.com/ln_ee/2000/junio/05/ultima2.html. Retrieved 17-02-2012). 
  96. ^ "Comunicado conjunto entre la República Dominicana y el Reino de Marruecos del año 2002". República Dominicana - Ministerio de relaciones exteriores. 23-05-2002. http://www.mirex.gov.do/ecc/Lists/Instrumentos%20Internacionales/Attachments/2393/Comunicado%20Conjunto%20entre%20RD%20y%20Marruecos.pdf. Retrieved 10-12-2010.  (Spanish)
  97. ^ Seychelles Islands withdraws recognition of so-called SADR
  98. ^ "Madagascar freezes recognition of so-called Sahrawi Republic". Arabic news. 07-04-2005. http://www.arabicnews.com/ansub/Daily/Day/050407/2005040718.html. Retrieved 18-06-2010. 
  99. ^ "Gel ne signifie pas rupture". Jeune Afrique. 17-04-2005. http://www.jeuneafrique.com/Article/ARCHLIN17045gelneerutpu0.xml/Actualite-Afrique--gel-ne-signifie-pas-rupture.html. Retrieved 02-12-2010.  (French)
  100. ^ El estoicismo del pueblo saharaui (Spanish)
  101. ^ "Prime Minister Baldwin Spencer increases possibilities for cooperation with African and European countries". Government of Antigua and Barbuda - Press releases. 24-09-2010. http://ab.gov.ag/gov_v4/article_details.php?id=970&category=38. Retrieved 09-12-2010. 
  102. ^ "Morocco to fund hotel project in Dominica". Caribbean daily news. 04-08-2010. http://www.caribbeandailynews.com/dominica-morocco-to-fund-hotel-project-in-dominica/. Retrieved 09-12-2010. 
  103. ^ "Talking diplomatic ties and cooperation with Morocco". Government Information Service - Grenada. 11-08-2010. http://www.gov.gd/egov/news/2010/aug10/11_08_10/item_1/diplomatic_ties_morocco.html. Retrieved 09-12-2010. 
  104. ^ "Moroccan assistance to Grenada confirmed". Grenada broadcast. 13-08-2010. http://www.grenadabroadcast.com/content/view/9096/51/. Retrieved 09-12-2010. 
  105. ^ "Moroccan assistance - Ten scholarships annually and EC$1 million for Grenada". Grenada broadcast. 24-08-2010. http://www.grenadabroadcast.com/content/view/8949/51/. Retrieved 09-12-2010. 
  106. ^ "Ecuador: Vicecanciller toma posesión en la Comisión de Derechos Humanos de las Naciones Unidas en medio de una grave crisis político-jurídica". Voltaire Net (Altercom). 01-04-2005. http://www.voltairenet.org/Ecuador-Vicecanciller-toma. Retrieved 17-02-2012.  (Spanish)
  107. ^ a b c d Four Caribbean states withdraw recognition of so-called SADR
  108. ^ "Burundi unfreezes the recognition of the Saharawi Republic". SPS. 16-06-2008. http://www.spsrasd.info/en/detail.php?id=1877. Retrieved 30-09-2010. 
  109. ^ "Burundi restablish diplomatic relations with the SADR". ARSO. 17-06-2008. http://saharaoccidental.blogspot.com/2008/06/burundi.html. Retrieved 09-06-2010. 
  110. ^ Burundi withdraws recognition of 'SADR'
  111. ^ Commonwealth of Dominica withdraws recognition of so-called SADR
  112. ^ a b "Guinea Bissau decided to restore diplomatic relations with SADR". SPS. 27-05-2009. http://www.spsrasd.info/en/detail.php?id=5486. Retrieved 16-12-2010. 
  113. ^ "Guinea Bissau decide restablecer el reconocimiento a la RASD". (EFE) ADN.es. 30-05-2009. http://www.adn.es/politica/20090530/NWS-1122-RASD-Guinea-Bissau-reconocimiento-restablecer.html. Retrieved 11-06-2010.  (Spanish)
  114. ^ "Guinea Bissau retira su reconocimiento a la RASD y apoya iniciativa autonomía". (EFE) ADN.es. 30-03-2010. http://www.adn.es/internacional/20100330/NWS-2715-RASD-Bissau-Guinea-reconocimiento-iniciativa.html. Retrieved 11-06-2010.  (Spanish)
  115. ^ Sahara issue: Malawi withdraws its recognition of the so-called SADR
  116. ^ "Seychelles withdraws recognition for SADR". Panapress (Afrik.com). 2008-03-18. http://en.afrik.com/news11537.html. Retrieved 2008-04-10. 
  117. ^ "Mr. Messahel reaffirms the Saharawi people’s right to self-determination in Moscow". SPS. 2006-04-19. http://www.spsrasd.info/sps-e190406.html#2. Retrieved 2010-06-12. 
  118. ^ "Algerian presidential candidates express Algeria’s support for Saharawi people". SPS. 2009-03-07. http://spsrasd.info/en/detail.php?id=4703. Retrieved 2010-06-12. 
  119. ^ "Mr. Bouteflika renews Algeria's support to Saharawi people's "legitimate struggle"". SPS. 2004-05-05. http://www.spsrasd.info/sps-e050504.html. Retrieved 2010-06-12. 
  120. ^ a b "Algeria, Mali reiterate support to UN resolutions about Western Sahara". SPS. 2011-09-12. http://www.spsrasd.info/en/content/algeria-mali-reiterate-support-un-resolutions-about-western-sahara. Retrieved 2011-09-12. 
  121. ^ a b "Algeria, Mali renew support for right of Saharawi people to self-determination and independence". SPS. 28-10-2011. http://www.spsrasd.info/en/content/algeria-mali-renew-support-right-saharawi-people-self-determination-and-independence. Retrieved 29-10-2011. 
  122. ^ "Belkhadem reaffirms Algeria’s support to Saharawi people struggle for self-determination and independence". SPS. 31-10-2011. http://www.spsrasd.info/en/content/belkhadem-reaffirms-algeria%E2%80%99s-support-saharawi-people-struggle-self-determination-and-indepe. Retrieved 01-11-2011. 
  123. ^ "36th Anniversary of SADR Declaration: Algerian president reiterates Algeria’s commitment to the UN decolonization doctrine of decolonization". SPS. 27-02-2012. http://www.spsrasd.info/en/content/36th-anniversary-sadr-declaration-algerian-president-reiterates-algeria%E2%80%99s-commitment-un-de-0. Retrieved 27-02-2012. 
  124. ^ "The Special Envoy of the Head of State received by the Angolan president". SPS. 2008-11-20. http://www.spsrasd.info/fr/detail.php?id=3329. Retrieved 2010-06-12. 
  125. ^ "Angola pide a la ONU la aceleració del referéndum de autodeterminación del pueblo saharaui". SPS. 27-09-2011. http://www.spsrasd.info/es/content/angola-pide-la-onu-la-aceleraci%C3%B3-del-refer%C3%A9ndum-de-autodeterminaci%C3%B3n-del-pueblo-saharaui. Retrieved 07-10-2011.  (Spanish)
  126. ^ "Angola attaches great importance to decolonization and self determination in Western Sahara". SPS. 11-10-2011. http://www.spsrasd.info/en/content/angola-attaches-great-importance-decolonization-and-self-determination-western-sahara. Retrieved 15-10-2011. 
  127. ^ "Angola renews support to Sharawi people struggle". SPS. 19-01-2012. http://www.spsrasd.info/en/content/anglola-renews-support-sharawi-people-struggle. Retrieved 21-01-2012. 
  128. ^ a b c d e f g h "Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples-Report of the Special Political and Decolonization Committee (Fourth Committee) (A/61/415)". UNDEMOCRACY.com. 27-02-2012. http://www.undemocracy.com/generalassembly_61/meeting_79/pg014-bk08. Retrieved 27-02-2012. 
  129. ^ "Australia may recognise Saharawi Republic". AfrolNews. 30 November 2004. http://www.afrol.com/articles/14885. Retrieved 8 August 2011. 
  130. ^ "Austrian Parliament's vice-President expresses her support to Saharawi people right to self-determination". Yahoo. 19 February 2005. http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Sahara-Update/message/1446. Retrieved 8 August 2011. 
  131. ^ "Western Sahara: Belgium for a mutually acceptable solution guaranteeing the right to self-determination". SPS. 30-01-2010. http://www.spsrasd.info/en/detail.php?id=9603. Retrieved 15-06-2010. 
  132. ^ "The New Saharawi Ambassador presents his letters of credence to the General Governor of Belize". SPS. 08-11-2005. http://www.spsrasd.info/sps-e081105.html. Retrieved 10-06-2010. 
  133. ^ "The Republic of Belize [sic reiterates support to Saharawi people’s self-determination"]. SPS. 06-11-2008. http://www.spsrasd.info/en/detail.php?id=3068. Retrieved 30-09-2010. 
  134. ^ "Sahrawi Republic participates in Independence Day of Republic of Belize [sic"]. SPS. 21-09-2011. http://www.spsrasd.info/en/content/sahrawi-republic-participates-independence-day-republic-belize. Retrieved 08-10-2011. 
  135. ^ "Bolivia calls for guaranteeing the right of Saharawi people to self-determination". SPS. 12-10-2011. http://www.spsrasd.info/en/content/bolivia-calls-guaranteeing-right-saharawi-people-self-determination. Retrieved 15-10-2011. 
  136. ^ "Botswana reiterates full support to the Saharawi people’s right to self-determination and independence". SPS. 23-11-2008. http://www.spsrasd.info/fr/detail.php?id=3358. Retrieved 12-06-2010. 
  137. ^ a b c "The UN Fourth Commission: the self-determination referendum is the only way to get out of the impasse in the Western Sahara". 04-10-2006. http://www.spsrasd.info/sps-e041006.html. Retrieved 12-06-2010. 
  138. ^ a b c "An African support to the AU Commission report on the Western Sahara". SPS. 30-06-2006. http://www.spsrasd.info/sps-e300606.html. Retrieved 13-06-2010. 
  139. ^ "The Group of Rio calls the UN to assume its responsibilities in the decolonisation of Western Sahara". SPS. 05-10-2004. http://www.spsrasd.info/sps-e051004.html. Retrieved 02-12-2010. 
  140. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m "4th Committee approves text on Western Sahara at conclusion of debate on decolonization issues". UN Department of Public Information - News and Media division. 13-10-2006. http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2006/gaspd348.doc.htm. Retrieved 02-12-2010. 
  141. ^ "Burundi hopes for the independence of Western Sahara without delay". SPS. 18-02-2009. http://www.spsrasd.info/en/detail.php?id=4038. Retrieved 10-06-2010. 
  142. ^ "Special representative of the President of the Republic received by the Chadian Prime Minister". SPS. 25-10-2008. http://www.spsrasd.info/en/detail.php?id=2919. Retrieved 23-06-2010. 
  143. ^ "Chile está en deuda con la República Árabe Saharaui Democrática". SPS. 2008-08-29. http://www.spsrasd.info/es/detail.php?id=6677. Retrieved 2010-02-07. 
  144. ^ "La Comisión de Relaciones Internacionales del Congreso de Chile recibe al Embajador de la RASD" (in Spanish). SPS. 04-10-2011. http://www.spsrasd.info/es/content/la-comisi%C3%B3n-de-relaciones-internacionales-del-congreso-de-chile-recibe-al-embajador-de-la-ra. Retrieved 08-10-2011. 
  145. ^ Acuerdo de la Cámara de Diputados de Chile solicitando a la Presidenta Michelle Bachelet el reconocimiento diplomático a la República Árabe Saharaui Democrática (2009) (Spanish)
  146. ^ Proyecto de acuerdo para reconocer de forma oficial la República Árabe Saharaui Democrática (2010) (Spanish)
  147. ^ a b "London reiterated support to Saharawi people’s right to self-determination". SPS. 02-04-2008. http://www.spsrasd.info/en/detail.php?id=1268. Retrieved 13-06-2010. 
  148. ^ "La décolonisation du Sahara occidental focalise les débats à la 4ème Commission de l'Onu". SPS. 10-10-2007. http://www.spsrasd.info/fr/infos/2007/10/sps-101007-6.html. Retrieved 13-06-2010. 
  149. ^ "The Senate of Colombia adopts a resolution in favour of the Saharawi people". SPS. 2007-03-29. http://www.spsrasd.info/en/infos/2007/03/sps-e290307-6.html. Retrieved 2010-04-09. 
  150. ^ "Costa Rica afirma que actuales negociaciones entre las dos partes deben tener como marco el derecho internacional". SPS. 05-10-2010. http://www.spsrasd.info/es/detail.php?id=13661. Retrieved 06-10-2010. 
  151. ^ "Le gouvernement de Costa Rica reaffirme son appui au droit du peuple Sahraoui a l'autodetermination" (in French). SPS. 01-05-2000. http://www.spsrasd.info/sps-280500.html. Retrieved 06-10-2010. 
  152. ^ "Costa Rica supports UN efforts to enable the Saharawi people of their rights to self-determination". SPS. 12-10-2011. http://www.spsrasd.info/en/content/costa-rica-supports-un-efforts-enable-saharawi-people-their-rights-self-determination. Retrieved 15-10-2011. 
  153. ^ "Statement by Ambassador Pedro Núñez Mosquera, permanent representative of Cuba, at the general debate of the special political and decolonization committee (fourth committee). Agenda items 55-59.". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Cuba. 04-10-2010. http://www.cubaminrex.cu/English/Multilaterales/Articulos/Politicos/4thComission/STATEMENT.html. Retrieved 06-10-2010. 
  154. ^ "Cuba reaffirms its support to Saharawi struggle for freedom and independence". SPS. 28-02-2012. http://www.spsrasd.info/en/content/cuba-reaffirms-its-support-saharawi-struggle-freedom-and-independence. Retrieved 29-02-2012. 
  155. ^ "El Presidente de Chipre ratifica la posición de solidaridad con el pueblo saharaui en su lucha por la autodeterminación" (in Spanish). SPS. 16-09-2010. http://www.spsrasd.info/es/detail.php?id=13337. Retrieved 16-09-2010. 
  156. ^ "Denmark does not recognise Moroccan sovereignty on Western Sahara". Sahara Press Service (SPS). 22 June 2004. http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Sahara-Update/message/1354. Retrieved 7 August 2011. 
  157. ^ "Denmark supports self-determination of Sahrawi people". Codapso. http://www.codapso.org/en/node/550. Retrieved 7 August 2011. 
  158. ^ "Denmark repeats it will vote against EU fisheries in Western Sahara". Sahara Press Service. 24 June 2011. http://www.spsrasd.info/en/content/denmark-repeats-it-will-vote-against-eu-fisheries-western-sahara. Retrieved 7 August 2011. 
  159. ^ "Danmark anerkender ikke Vestsaharas regering". Ulandsnyt.dk. http://www.u-landsnyt.dk/nyhed/13-04-11/danmark-anerkender-ikke-vestsaharas-regering. Retrieved 7 August 2011. 
  160. ^ a b "Most of world's population no longer lives under colonial rule, but United Nations decolonization mission still unfulfilled, fourth committee told as debate begins". UN Department of Public Information - News and Media Division. 08-10-2007. http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2007/gaspd371.doc.htm. Retrieved 14-12-2010. 
  161. ^ "President of East Timor asserts support of Saharawi people's right to self-determination and independence". SPS. 03-02-2010. http://www.spsrasd.info/en/detail.php?id=9688. Retrieved 15-06-2010. 
  162. ^ "President of Timor-Leste reaffirms his country’s support to Saharawi people for self-determination and independence". SPS. 20-04-2010. http://www.spsrasd.info/en/detail.php?id=11184. Retrieved 15-06-2010. 
  163. ^ "East Timor confirms support for struggle of Saharawi people for freedom and independence". 26-05-2010. http://www.spsrasd.info/en/detail.php?id=11782. Retrieved 15-06-2010. 
  164. ^ "President of Timor-Leste reaffirms support to struggle of Saharawi people for freedom and independence". SPS. 18-09-2011. http://www.spsrasd.info/en/content/president-timor-leste-reaffirms-support-struggle-saharawi-people-freedom-and-independence. Retrieved 23-09-2011. 
  165. ^ "Timor-Leste for the struggle of Saharawi people for freedom and independence (official)". SPS. 12-10-2011. http://www.spsrasd.info/en/content/timor-leste-struggle-saharawi-people-freedom-and-independence-official. Retrieved 15-10-2011. 
  166. ^ "L'Equateur reaffirme sa solidarite avec la lutte du peuple Sahraoui" (in French). SPS. 2000-09-28. http://www.spsrasd.info/sps-280900.html#ANCRE004. Retrieved 2010-06-12. 
  167. ^ "New ambassador presents his credential cards to vice president of Ecuador". SPS. 2009-06-26. http://www.spsrasd.info/es/detail.php?id=5807. Retrieved 2010-06-12. 
  168. ^ "New Saharawi Ambassador to Ecuador presents his credentials to President Palacios". SPS. 23-11-2006. http://www.spsrasd.info/sps-e231106.html. Retrieved 12-06-2010. 
  169. ^ "Despite successes, decolonization process plagued by lack of political will, creative thinking, Fourth Committee hears as it opens debate on topic". UN department of public information - News and media division. 04-10-2010. http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2010/gaspd450.doc.htm. Retrieved 17-12-2010. 
  170. ^ "El Salvador apoya una solución conflicto del Sáhara Occidental en marco de las Resoluciones de la ONU" (in Spanish). SPS. 21-06-2010. http://www.spsrasd.info/es/detail.php?id=12117. Retrieved 23-06-2010. 
  171. ^ "Ethiopia for the decolonisation of the Western Sahara through a self-determination referendum". SPS. 13-05-2006. http://www.spsrasd.info/sps-e130506.html. Retrieved 12-06-2010. 
  172. ^ "El Presidente de Etiopia reitera el apoyo de su país al derecho del Pueblo Saharaui a la autodeterminación y a la independencia" (in Spanish). SPS. 17-03-2010. http://www.spsrasd.info/es/detail.php?id=10445. Retrieved 12-06-2010. 
  173. ^ "Uld Jadad es recibido en Helsinki por el ministro finlandés de Asuntos Exteriores". SPS. 2005-09-07. http://www.spsrasd.info/sps-s070905.html. Retrieved 2010-02-07. 
  174. ^ "German Parliament calls Morocco to the implementation of the UN's plan for the self-determination of the Saharawi People". SPS. 30-01-2004. http://www.spsrasd.info/sps-e300104.html. Retrieved 15-06-2010. 
  175. ^ "German government for peaceful and consensual solution to conflict in Western Sahara". SPS. 02-07-2009. http://www.spsrasd.info/en/detail.php?id=5895. Retrieved 15-06-2010. 
  176. ^ "L'Afrique appelle à l'application rapide du Plan de paix". SPS. 23-09-1999. http://www.spsrasd.info/sps-9.html. Retrieved 12-06-2010.  (French)
  177. ^ Questions of Gibraltar, Guam, Western Sahara discussed in special political and decolonization committee
  178. ^ "Ghana pide una solución al conflicto del Sáhara Occidental conforme a la voluntad del pueblo saharaui". SPS. 13-10-2011. http://www.spsrasd.info/es/content/ghana-pide-una-soluci%C3%B3n-al-conflicto-del-s%C3%A1hara-occidental-conforme-la-voluntad-del-pueblo-0. Retrieved 15-10-2011.  (Spanish)
  179. ^ "Guinea Bissau reaffirms its unwavering support to struggle of Saharawi people". SPS. 23-09-2009. http://www.spsrasd.info/en/detail.php?id=7019. Retrieved 16-12-2010. 
  180. ^ "Guinea-Bissau government and PAIGC voice support to Saharawi cause". SPS. 16-02-2011. http://www.spsrasd.info/en/detail.php?id=16492. Retrieved 16-02-2011. 
  181. ^ "Iceland support Security Council's resolutions on Western Sahara, declares Saharawi Representative". SPS. 06-12-2004. http://www.spsrasd.info/sps-e061204.html. Retrieved 13-06-2010. 
  182. ^ "L’Iran reconnaît "la République sahraouie et aperçoit la solution dans le cadre onusien", déclare l’ambassadeur iranien à Alger". SPS. 17-02-2005. http://www.spsrasd.info/sps-170206.html. Retrieved 12-06-2010.  (French)
  183. ^ "Irish Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs confirms his country's support "to Saharawi people right to self-determination"". SPS. 2004-12-10. http://www.spsrasd.info/sps-e101204.html. Retrieved 2010-02-07. 
  184. ^ "Ireland reaffirms support to right to self-determination of Sahrawi people". SPS. 12-11-2010. http://www.spsrasd.info/en/detail.php?id=14785. Retrieved 14-11-2010. 
  185. ^ "El Parlamento Italiano reclama de su Gobierno que otorgue estatuto diplomático a la representación en Roma del Polisario". SPS. 2007-07-13. http://spsrasd.info/es/infos/2007/07/sps-s130707.html. Retrieved 2010-03-27. 
  186. ^ "Italy takes balanced stance on Western Sahara issue". SPS. 15-07-2010. http://www.spsrasd.info/en/detail.php?id=12594. Retrieved 16-07-2010. 
  187. ^ "La Jamaique soutient le plan de paix pour le Sahara Occidental". SPS. 23-09-2000. http://www.spsrasd.info/sps-230900.html. Retrieved 12-06-2010.  (French)
  188. ^ a b "Fourth Committee Sends 12 Draft texts to General Assembly on Decolonization, including Request for Third International Decade, concludes debate on topic.". U.N. Department of public information. 11-10-2010. http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2010/gaspd455.doc.htm. Retrieved 12-10-2010. 
  189. ^ "L'Algérie et la Jordanie réaffirment leur soutien à un référendum libre au Sahara Occidental". SPS. 23-01-2001. http://www.spsrasd.info/sps-230101.html. Retrieved 13-12-2010.  (French)
  190. ^ "Le Lesotho soutient l'organisation du referendum d'autodetermination au Sahara Occidental". SPS. 20-09-2000. http://www.spsrasd.info/sps-200900.html#ANCRE004. Retrieved 12-06-2010.  (French)
  191. ^ "Africa works "seriously for the decolonisation of Western Sahara", declares Mohlabi Kenneth Tsekoa". SPS. 08-07-2004. http://www.spsrasd.info/sps-e080704.html. Retrieved 12-06-2010. 
  192. ^ "‘‘Struggle of Saharawi people is based on principle of decolonization’’ (Prime Minister of Lesotho)". SPS. 27-09-2009. http://www.spsrasd.info/en/detail.php?id=7082. Retrieved 12-06-2010. 
  193. ^ "Kingdom of Lesotho renews support to self-determination of Saharawi people". SPS. 11-10-2010. http://www.spsrasd.info/en/detail.php?id=13773. Retrieved 11-10-2010. 
  194. ^ "Kingdom of Lesotho voices its support to Saharawi people struggle for freedom and independence". SPS. 24-09-2011. http://www.spsrasd.info/en/content/kingdom-lesotho-voices-its-support-saharawi-people-struggle-freedom-and-independence. Retrieved 07-10-2011. 
  195. ^ "Reino de Lesotho: "La cuestión del Sahara Occidental es indudablemente la cuestión colonial más urgente"". SPS. 04-10-2011. http://www.spsrasd.info/es/content/reino-de-lesotho-la-cuesti%C3%B3n-del-sahara-occidental-es-indudablemente-la-cuesti%C3%B3n-colonial-m%C3%A1. Retrieved 07-10-2011.  (Spanish)
  196. ^ "Kaddafi: "Only possible solution to conflict in Western Sahara passes through a referendum of self-determination"". SPS. 01-09-2009. http://www.spsrasd.info/en/detail.php?id=6720. Retrieved 12-06-2010. 
  197. ^ "Coronel Gadafi: El referéndum de autodeterminación en el Sáhara Occidental es la solución". SPS. 07-07-2010. http://www.spsrasd.info/es/detail.php?id=12377. Retrieved 07-07-2010.  (Spanish)
  198. ^ "Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi: Referendum is only solution in Western Sahara". SPS. 20-07-2010. http://www.spsrasd.info/en/detail.php?id=12695. Retrieved 20-07-2010. 
  199. ^ "Malawi presses UN to renew efforts to advance process of decolonization". UN news service. 27-09-2011. http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/country,,,,AIA,,4e8970c12,0.html. Retrieved 16-02-2012. 
  200. ^ "Minister in charge of Africa received by foreign Minister of Malawi". SPS. 15-02-2012. http://www.spsrasd.info/en/content/minister-charge-africa-received-foreign-minister-malawi. Retrieved 16-02-2012. 
  201. ^ "The Saharawi Republic is a full member of the African Union, declares Alpha Omar Konaré". SPS. 05-04-2006. http://www.spsrasd.info/sps-e050406.html. Retrieved 12-06-2010. 
  202. ^ a b "Varios países insisten en la validez del Plan Baker". SPS. 09-10-2004. http://www.spsrasd.info/sps-s091004.html. Retrieved 12-06-2010.  (Spanish)
  203. ^ "El Parlamento de México aprueba una resolución a favor del derecho a la autodeterminación del pueblo saharaui" (in Spanish). SPS. 04-09-2010. http://www.spsrasd.info/es/infos/2007/09/sps-s040907.html. Retrieved 13-06-2010. 
  204. ^ "México reitera su constante apoyo al derecho del pueblo saharaui a la autodeterminación (Embajador)" (in Spanish). SPS. 14-10-2009. http://www.spsrasd.info/es/detail.php?id=7387. Retrieved 13-06-2010. 
  205. ^ "Algeria and Mexico emphasize the right to self-determination for the Saharawi people". SPS. 31-03-2010. http://www.spsrasd.info/en/detail.php?id=10732. Retrieved 13-06-2010. 
  206. ^ "Representante de México ante las ONU reitera la necesidad de que la MINURSO cuente con un mandato para monitorear los DD.HH en el Sahara Occidental" (in Spanish). SPS. 07-10-2011. http://www.spsrasd.info/es/content/representante-de-m%C3%A9xico-ante-las-onu-reitera-la-necesidad-de-que-la-minurso-cuente-con-un-ma. Retrieved 08-10-2011. 
  207. ^ "The Mozambique condemns Moroccan dilatory manoeuvres that delay the self-determination and independence of Saharawi people". SPS. 13-12-2004. http://www.spsrasd.info/sps-e131204.html. Retrieved 13-06-2010. 
  208. ^ "The Envoy of the President of the Republic received by President Guebuza of Mozambique". 03-06-2006. http://www.spsrasd.info/sps-e030606.html#2. Retrieved 13-06-2010. 
  209. ^ "Mozambique reiterates its support for right of Saharawi people to self-determination". SPS. 28-09-2010. http://www.spsrasd.info/en/detail.php?id=13509. Retrieved 28-09-2010. 
  210. ^ "Mozambique renews support to right of Saharawi people to self-determination and independence (Official)". SPS. 13-09-2011. http://www.spsrasd.info/en/content/mozambique-renews-support-right-saharawi-people-self-determination-and-independence-official. Retrieved 23-09-2011. 
  211. ^ "Mozambique renews support to right of Saharawi people to self-determination". SPS. 22-09-2011. http://www.spsrasd.info/en/content/mozambique-renews-support-right-saharawi-people-self-determination. Retrieved 23-09-2011. 
  212. ^ "Namibia asks for the respect of the Saharawi people’s right to self-determination". SPS. 2006-04-20. http://www.spsrasd.info/sps-e200406.html#4. Retrieved 2010-06-12. 
  213. ^ "New Saharawi ambassador presents his credentials to President of Namibia, Hifikepunye Pehambia". SPS. 2009-06-06. http://www.spsrasd.info/en/detail.php?id=5589. Retrieved 2010-06-12. 
  214. ^ "Namibia calls on UN to the immediate holding of self-determination referendum in Western Sahara". SPS. 24/09/2011. http://www.spsrasd.info/en/content/namibia-calls-un-immediate-holding-self-determination-referendum-western-sahara. Retrieved 07-10-2011. 
  215. ^ "Namibia will remain steadfast to support struggle of the Saharawi people for freedom and self-determination". SPS. 12-10-2011. http://www.spsrasd.info/en/content/namibia-will-remain-steadfast-support-struggle-saharawi-people-freedom-and-self-determinatio. Retrieved 15-10-2011. 
  216. ^ "Mr. Bouteflika: Western Sahara problem a factor of blockage to building the Maghreb". SPS. 06-06-2007. http://www.spsrasd.info/en/infos/2007/06/sps-e040607-3.html. Retrieved 13-06-2010. 
  217. ^ "New Saharawi ambassador presents his credential cards to Nicaraguan foreign Minister". SPS. 09-01-2010. http://www.spsrasd.info/en/detail.php?id=9373. Retrieved 13-06-2010. 
  218. ^ "Nicaragua pide respeto al derecho de autodeterminación del pueblo saharaui". SPS. 11-04-2010. http://www.spsrasd.info/es/detail.php?id=10968. Retrieved 13-06-2010.  (Spanish)
  219. ^ "Nicaragua expresa su "preocupación" por el retraso en el proceso de descolonización del Sáhara Occidental". SPS. 26-09-2011. http://www.spsrasd.info/es/content/nicaragua-expresa-su-preocupaci%C3%B3n-por-el-retraso-en-el-proceso-de-descolonizaci%C3%B3n-del-s%C3%A1hara. Retrieved 08-10-2011.  (Spanish)
  220. ^ "Nicaragua reitera su "compromiso y solidaridad" con la lucha del pueblo saharaui por su libre determinación y su independencia". SPS. 04-10-2011. http://www.spsrasd.info/es/content/nicaragua-reitera-su-compromiso-y-solidaridad-con-la-lucha-del-pueblo-saharaui-por-su-libre-. Retrieved 08-10-2011.  (Spanish)
  221. ^ "Nigeria reiterates its support to the Saharawi people’s right to self-determination". SPS. 16-12-2007. http://www.spsrasd.info/en/detail.php?id=394. Retrieved 13-06-2010. 
  222. ^ "Nigeria reiterates its support for self-determination referendum in Western Sahara". SPS. 06-06-2009. http://www.spsrasd.info/en/detail.php?id=5595. Retrieved 13-06-2010. 
  223. ^ "Nigeria reaffirms its support for self-determination referendum in Western Sahara". SPS. 16-02-2010. http://www.spsrasd.info/en/detail.php?id=9881. Retrieved 13-06-2010. 
  224. ^ "Nigeria recommends UN to initiate mechanism for independence of SADR". SPS. 07-10-2011. http://www.spsrasd.info/en/content/nigeria-recommends-un-initiate-mechanism-independence-sadr. Retrieved 08-10-2011. 
  225. ^ ""Norway supports Saharawi people’s right to self-determination", declares, Mr. Johansen". SPS. 2006-10-14. http://www.spsrasd.info/sps-e141006.html#4. Retrieved 2010-02-07. 
  226. ^ "Norwegian Parliament calls on Government to put pressure on Morocco to allow self-determination of Saharawi people". SPS. 2010-05-06. http://www.spsrasd.info/en/detail.php?id=11468. Retrieved 2010-05-06. 
  227. ^ "Panama reaffirme son soutien a la lutte du peuple Sahraoui" (in French). SPS. 23-09-2000. http://www.spsrasd.info/sps-230900.html#ANCRE006. Retrieved 13-06-2010. 
  228. ^ "Panama "reiterates its support to a referendum on self-determination" for Saharawi people". SPS. 16-07-2004. http://www.spsrasd.info/sps-e160704.html. Retrieved 13-06-2010. 
  229. ^ "New Saharawi ambassador presents his credentials to President Martin Torrijos". SPS. 06-06-2009. http://www.spsrasd.info/en/detail.php?id=5588. Retrieved 13-06-2010. 
  230. ^ "La RASD et le Paraguay etablissent des relations diplomatiques". SPS. 10-02-2000. http://www.spsrasd.info/sps-100200.html. Retrieved 13-06-2010.  (French)
  231. ^ "L’Algérie et le Paraguay mettent en exergue "l’importance" d’une solution juste et durable du conflit au Sahara Occidental". SPS. 12-03-2009. http://www.spsrasd.info/fr/detail.php?id=4296. Retrieved 13-06-2010.  (French)
  232. ^ "Strengthen of bilateral relations between Saharawi Republic and Paraguay". SPS. 19-08-2011. http://www.spsrasd.info/en/content/strengthen-bilateral-relations-between-saharawi-republic-and-paraguay. Retrieved 08-10-2011. 
  233. ^ "More than 60 Peruvian delegates call for decolonization of Western Sahara". SPS. 23-04-2010. http://www.spsrasd.info/en/detail.php?id=11254. Retrieved 15-06-2010. 
  234. ^ "Política : Por unanimidade - Assembleia da República aprova voto de protesto sobre os recentes acontecimentos na capital do Sahara Ocidental". O Rio. 29-11-2010. http://www.orio.pt/modules/news/article.php?storyid=7713. Retrieved 30-11-2010.  (Portuguese)
  235. ^ "Argelia y Portugal reiteran su apoyo al derecho del pueblo saharaui a la autodeterminación". 01-03-2011. http://www.spsrasd.info/es/detail.php?id=16722. Retrieved 02-03-2011.  (Spanish)
  236. ^ "Mr. M’Hamed Khadad received by the Congo’s Minister for Foreign Affairs in Brazzaville". SPS. 2007-03-03. http://www.spsrasd.info/en/infos/2007/03/sps-e030307.html. Retrieved 2010-04-17. 
  237. ^ "Congo regrets Western Sahara remains last non-independent territory in Africa". SPS. 07-10-2010. http://www.spsrasd.info/en/detail.php?id=13681. Retrieved 07-10-2010. 
  238. ^ "Russian Ambassador to Algiers reiterates the support of his country to the UN’s Peace Plan for Western Sahara". SPS. 23-10-2005. http://www.spsrasd.info/sps-e231005.html#3. Retrieved 13-06-2010. 
  239. ^ "Moroccan King visiting Russia to tighten ties". Afrol News. 14-10-2002. http://www.afrol.com/html/News2002/mor031_russia_ties.htm. Retrieved 15-06-2010. 
  240. ^ "Le Ruanda renouvelle son soutien a la RASD". SPS. 2000-09-28. http://www.spsrasd.info/sps-280900.html#ANCRE003. Retrieved 2010-04-17.  (French)
  241. ^ "Santo Tomé y Príncipe insta a la rápida resolución del conflicto del Sáhara Occidental". SPS. 30-09-2010. http://www.spsrasd.info/es/detail.php?id=13546. Retrieved 30-09-2010.  (Spanish)
  242. ^ "Le vice president seychellois exprime le soutien de son pays au droit du peuple Sahraoui a l'autodetermination". SPS. 24-09-2000. http://www.spsrasd.info/sps-240900.html#ANCRE003. Retrieved 16-12-2010.  (French)
  243. ^ "Eslovaquia "apoya que se respete la libre elección del pueblo del Sáhara Occidental"". SPS. 2007-04-15. http://www.spsrasd.info/es/infos/2007/04/sps-s150407.html. Retrieved 2010-02-07.  (Spanish)
  244. ^ "South Africa to the UN’s 4th Committee: The international community must support Saharawi people’s right to independence". SPS. 07-10-2005. http://www.spsrasd.info/sps-e071005.html. Retrieved 15-06-2010. 
  245. ^ "Mbeiki: "South Africa will support the Saharawi people whose cause is among the priorities of our Foreign policy"". SPS. 30-11-2006. http://www.spsrasd.info/sps-e301106.html. Retrieved 15-06-2010. 
  246. ^ "South Africa renews its strong support to Saharawi struggle for freedom and independence". SPS. 2011-09-12. http://www.spsrasd.info/en/content/south-africa-renews-its-strong-support-saharawi-struggle-freedom-and-independence. Retrieved 2011-09-12. 
  247. ^ "South Africa asserts support to struggle of Saharawi people for freedom and independence". SPS. 22-09-2011. http://www.spsrasd.info/en/content/south-africa-asserts-support-struggle-saharawi-people-freedom-and-independence. Retrieved 23-09-2011. 
  248. ^ "Minister Boumakhrouta received by South Sudan's Foreign Minister". SPS. 09-02-2012. http://www.spsrasd.info/en/content/minister-boumakhrouta-received-south-sudans-foreign-minister-0. Retrieved 11-02-2012. 
  249. ^ "Spanish Senate for a solution to Western Sahara conflict that respects the principle of self-determination". SPS. 2005-06-28. http://www.spsrasd.info/sps-e280605.html#4. Retrieved 2010-09-19. 
  250. ^ "Spain for self-determination of Saharawi people (Spanish official)". SPS. 2010-09-17. http://www.spsrasd.info/en/detail.php?id=13357. Retrieved 2010-09-19. 
  251. ^ "Margallo dice que no es asunto de España que haya o no referéndum saharaui". RTVE. 03-02-2012. http://www.rtve.es/noticias/20120203/margallo-dice-no-asunto-espana-haya-no-referendum-saharaui/495283.shtml. Retrieved 23-02-2012.  (Spanish)
  252. ^ "Spain calls for political solution that guarantees the right of the Saharawi People to self-determination". SPS. 15-02-2012. http://www.spsrasd.info/en/content/spain-calls-political-solution-guarantees-right-saharawi-people-self-determination. Retrieved 23-02-2012. 
  253. ^ "L’Envoyé spécial du président de la République reçu par la secrétaire des relations extérieures de la Surinam" (in French). SPS. 10-12-2008. http://www.spsrasd.info/fr/detail.php?id=3568. Retrieved 13-06-2010. 
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  255. ^ "New representative of the Frente Polisario received at Swedish Ministry of Foreign Affairs". SPS. 21-01-2012. http://www.spsrasd.info/en/content/new-representative-frente-polisario-received-swedish-ministry-foreign-affairs. Retrieved 22-01-2012. 
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  257. ^ "Tanzania: Resolving the question of Western Sahara on the basis of the right to self-determination remains the only option". SPS. 07-10-2005. http://www.spsrasd.info/sps-e071005.html. Retrieved 15-06-2010. 
  258. ^ "The new Saharawi Ambassador to Tanzania presents his credentials to President Mrisho Kikwete". SPS. 29-07-2008. http://www.spsrasd.info/es/detail.php?id=2216. Retrieved 15-06-2010. 
  259. ^ "Algeria and Tanzania reaffirm their support for Saharawi people to self-determination". 06-03-2010. http://www.spsrasd.info/en/detail.php?id=10211. Retrieved 15-06-2010. 
  260. ^ "Tanzania reaffirms its support to right of Sahrawi people to self-determination and decolonization of Western Sahara". 20-04-2010. http://www.spsrasd.info/en/detail.php?id=11196. Retrieved 15-06-2010. 
  261. ^ "Tanzania reaffirms support to Saharawi people right to self-determination and independence". SPS. 23-09-2011. http://www.spsrasd.info/en/content/tanzania-reaffirms-support-saharawi-people-right-self-determination-and-independence. Retrieved 23-09-2011. 
  262. ^ "Arrival of the President of the Republic to Addis-Ababa in a visit to Ethiopia". SPS. 13-05-2006. http://www.spsrasd.info/sps-e130506.html. Retrieved 13-06-2010. 
  263. ^ "Uganda reiterates its support for right of Saharawi people to self-determination and independence". SPS. 16-04-2009. http://spsrasd.info/en/detail.php?id=4860. Retrieved 13-06-2010. 
  264. ^ "Uganda urges UN to complete decolonization process in Western Sahara". SPS. 07-10-2011. http://www.spsrasd.info/en/content/uganda-urges-un-complete-decolonization-process-western-sahara. Retrieved 08-10-2011. 
  265. ^ "Great Britain does not recognise any Moroccan sovereignty over Western Sahara" (UK representative at the UN) ARSO, March 27, 2001.
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  267. ^ "UK encourages parties to engage with UN for solution enabling self-determination of Saharawi people (Hague)". SPS. 19-10-2011. http://www.spsrasd.info/en/content/uk-encourages-parties-engage-un-solution-enabling-self-determination-saharawi-people-hague. Retrieved 23-10-2011. 
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  273. ^ "Republic of Uruguay will continue to defend the right of Saharawi people to self-determination". SPS. 12-10-2011. http://www.spsrasd.info/en/content/republic-uruguay-will-continue-defend-right-saharawi-people-self-determination. Retrieved 15-10-2011. 
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