Leucochloridium paradoxum
| Leucochloridium paradoxum | |
|---|---|
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| Leucochloridium paradoxum, parasite in Succinea putris | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Platyhelminthes |
| Class: | Trematoda |
| Order: | Strigeidida |
| Family: | Leucochloridiidae |
| Genus: | Leucochloridium |
| Species: | L. paradoxum |
| Binomial name | |
| Leucochloridium paradoxum (Carus, 1835) |
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Leucochloridium paradoxum, common name green-banded broodsac, is a parasitic flatworm (or "helminth") that uses gastropods as an intermediate host.
Contents |
[edit] Life cycle
The worm in its larval, miracidia stage, travels into the digestive system of a snail to develop into the next stage, sporocyst. The sporocyst grows into long tubes to form swollen "broodsacs" filled with tens to hundreds of cercariae. These broodsacs invade the snail's tentacles (preferring the left, when available), causing a brilliant transformation of the tentacles into a swollen, pulsating, colorful display that mimics the appearance of a caterpillar or grub. The broodsacs seem to pulsate in response to light intensity, and in total darkness do not pulse at all.[1] The infection of the tentacles of the eyes seems to inhibit the perception of light intensity. Whereas uninfected snails seek dark areas to prevent predation, infected snails have a deficit in light detection, and are more likely to become exposed to predators, such as birds. Birds are the definitive hosts where the cercariae develop into adult distomes in the digestive system of the bird. These adult forms sexually reproduce and lay eggs that are released from the host via the bird's excretory system. These droppings are then consumed by snails to complete the life cycle of this parasitic worm.
The resulting behavior of the flatworm is a case of aggressive mimicry, where the parasite vaguely resembles the food of the host. This gains the parasite entry into the host's body; this is unlike most other cases of aggressive mimicry, in which only a part of the host resembles the target's prey and the mimic itself then eats the duped animal.
This life cycle is similar to other species of genus Leucochloridium.
[edit] Distribution
Leucochloridium paradoxum was originally reported from Germany.[2]
Other locations include: Norway[3] and others.
[edit] Hosts
intermediate hosts:
hosts:
- birds
- Zebra Finch (Taeniopygia guttata) – experimental[3]
[edit] References
- ^ Edwin J. Robinson, Jr. (December 1947). "Notes on the Life History of Leucochloridium fuscostriatum n. sp. provis. (Trematoda: Brachylaemidae)". The Journal of Parasitology 33 (6): 467–475. doi:10.2307/3273326. JSTOR 3273326. PMID 18903602.
- ^ S.P. Casey, T.A. Bakke, P.D. Harris & J. Cable (November) 2004. Use of ITS rDNA for discrimination of European green- and brown-banded sporocysts within the genus Leucochloridium Carus, 1835 (Digenea: Leucochloriidae). Systematic Parasitology. Volume 56, Number 3: 163-168.
- ^ a b T. A. Bakke (April) 1980. A revision of the family Leucochloridiidae Poche (Digenea) and studies on the morphology of Leucochloridium paradoxum Carus, 1835. Systematic Parasitology, Volume 1, Numbers 3-4. 189-202.
