Lifta
| Lifta | ||
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 Lifta
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| Arabic | لفتا | |
| Also Spelled | Lefta | |
| District | Jerusalem | |
| Coordinates | 31°47′43″N 35°11′47″E / 31.79528°N 35.19639°ECoordinates: 31°47′43″N 35°11′47″E / 31.79528°N 35.19639°E | |
| Population | 2,958 (1948[1]) | |
| Area | 8,743 dunums
8.7 km² |
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| Date of depopulation | January 1948[2] | |
| Cause(s) of depopulation | Military assault by Yishuv forces | |
| Current localities | Western suburb of Jerusalem | |
Lifta (Arabic: لفتا; Hebrew: מי נפתוח Mei Niftoach, lit. spring of the corridor) was an Arab village on the outskirts of Jerusalem. Its population fled during the Arab-Jewish hostilities of 1947/48 and the efforts to relieve the Siege of Jerusalem (1948). The village and spring for which it is named are now a park on the hillside between the western entrance to Jerusalem and the Romema neighbourhood. As of 2011, LIfta is the only the depopulated Palestinian Arab village in Israel not to have been completely destroyed or repopulated. Israel plans to destroy the village and replace it with 212 luxury homes and a hotel.
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[edit] History
The site has been populated since ancient times; Nephtoah (Hebrew: נפתח) is mentioned in the Hebrew Bible as a border between the Israelite tribes of Judah and Benjamin. It was the northernmost demarcation point of the territory of the Tribe of Judah.[3][4] The Romans and Byzantines called it Nephtho, and the Crusaders referred to it as Clepsta.
In 1596, Lifta was a village in the Ottoman Empire, nahiya (subdistrict) of Jerusalem under the liwa' (district) of Jerusalem, and it had a population of 396. It paid taxes on a number of crops, including wheat, barley, olives, and fruit, as well as on orchards and vineyards.[5]
In 1834, there was a battle in which the Egyptian Ibrahim Pasha and his army defeated local rebels, led by al-Shaykh Qasim al-Ahmad, a prominent local ruler. However, the Qasim al-Ahmad family remained powerful for years after this battle. They ruled the region southwest of Nablus from their fortified villages of Deir Istiya and Bayt Wazan some 40 kilometers (25 mi) due north of Lifta.[6]
In the late nineteenth century, Lifta was described as situated on the side of a steep hill, with a spring and rock-cut tombs to the south.[7]
In 1917 the villagers received the British forces with white flags and, as a symbolic gesture, the keys to the village.[8]
In mid-1940, Lifta was predominantly Muslim, with a population of 2,550. The village had a mosque, a shrine for Shaykh Badr (a local sage), two coffee houses, a social club, and a few shops. It also had an elementary school, one for boys and one for girls. The farmers of Lifta marketed their produce in Jerusalem markets and took advantage of the city's services.[9]
In the 1948 war, one of the goals of the Haganah was securing the western exit of the city. Towards this end, Arabs fled from villages at the entrance to Jerusalem, among them Lifta. In 1947, the Haganah shot a Lifta resident who informed Arab forces about the departure of Jewish convoys to Tel Aviv.[9] The next day, a grenade was thrown at a Jewish bus.[citation needed] According to Palestinian historian 'Arif al-'Arif, a coffeehouse in Lifta was attacked by members of the Stern Gang, killing six and wounding seven.[9] After the attack, most of the inhabitants fled, but the village remained largely intact. Some 55 original stone houses are still standing but the village has never been repopulated.[10]
In 2011, plans were announced to demolish the village and build a luxury development consisting of 212 luxury housing units and a hotel on its.[11] Former residents brought a legal petition to preserve the village as an historic site.[12] Lifta is the last remaining Arab village that was depopulated to have not been either completely destroyed or re-inhabited.[11]
[edit] Culture
Lifta was known to be among the wealthiest communities in the Jerusalem area, and their embroiderers were reported to be among the most artistic.[13] Thob Ghabani bridal dresses were very popular in Lifta and in Malha. These dresses were made of ghabani, a natural cotton covered with gold color silk floral embroidery produced in Aleppo, and were much more narrow than other dresses and with sleeves which were not as wide as normal. The sides, sleeves and chest panel of the dress were all adorned with silk insets. These dresses were normally ordered from Bethlehem by the future bride.[14] The married women of Lifta used the distinctive conical shaṭweh head-dress [1], embellished with their bride-money. Beside being used in Bethlehem, it was only used in Lifta, Ain Karm, Beit Jala and Beit Sahur.[15]
People with notable ties to Lifta include Ali Hasan Abunimah. His mother was from Lifta.[16]
[edit] See also
- List of Arab towns and villages depopulated during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War
- Palestinian costumes
- Zochrot
[edit] References
- ^ Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics also gives village area
- ^ Morris, 2006, p. xviii, town #363.
- ^ MikraNet
- ^ Nephtoah Bible Dictionary
- ^ Hütteroth, Wolf-Dieter and Kamal Abdulfattah (1977), Historical Geography of Palestine, Transjordan and Southern Syria in the Late 16th Century. Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten, Sonderband 5. Erlangen, Germany: Vorstand der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft. p. 115. Quoted in Khalidi, 1992, p. 301
- ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 301
- ^ Conder and Kitchener, 1881, III:18. Quoted in Khalidi, 1992, p.301
- ^ Gilbert, 1936, 157-168
- ^ a b c Rami Nashashibi (June 1996). "Litfa". Destroyed Palestinian Villages. Center for Research and Documentation of Palestinian Society, Birzeit University. Archived from the original on 2003-07-19. http://web.archive.org/web/20030719190040/http://alcor.concordia.ca/~pal/History/Villages/lif@vil.html. Retrieved 2011-05-30.
- ^ Unofficial monument to a decisive time in history
- ^ a b Israel moves to turn deserted Palestinian village into luxury housing project Haaretz, 21 January 2011
- ^ Knell, Yolande (30 May 2011). "Legal battle over an abandoned Palestinian village". BBC. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-13373719. Retrieved 30 May 2011.
- ^ Woven legacy, woven language Saudi Aramco World, Volume 42, Number 1
- ^ Stillman, 1979, p. 42, 44 (ill.)
- ^ Stillman, 1979, p. 37
- ^ Ali Abunimah: Commentator and author
[edit] Bibliography
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Lifta |
- Conder, Claude Reignier and H.H. Kitchener (1881): The Survey of Western Palestine: memoirs of the topography, orography, hydrography, and archaeology. London:Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund. vol 3
- Khalidi, Walid (1992), All That Remains, Washington D.C.: Institute for Palestine Studies, ISBN 0887282245
- Morris, Benny (2004): The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited, Cambridge University Press ISBN 0521009677
- Gilbert, Major Vivian (1936): The Romance of the last Crusade, London,
- Schölch, Alexander (1993), Palestine in Transformation, 1856-1882: Studies in Social, Economic, and Political Development, Institute for Palestine Studies, ISBN 9780887282348, http://books.google.com/?id=cMVtAAAAMAAJ&q=Dayr+Istya&dq=Dayr+Istya
- Stillman, Yedida Kalfol (1979): Palestinian Costume and Jewelry, ISBN 0-8263-0490-7
[edit] External links and references
- Welcome to Lifta
- Lifta, from the Khalil Sakakini Cultural Center
- Lifta Photos, from Dr. Moslih Kanaaneh
- Lifta, by Rami Nashashibi (1996), Center for Research and Documentation of Palestinian Society.
- Yakub Odeh: Lifta refugee
- Remembering Lifta February 25, 2005
- Lifta 2011, 18/2/2011, Zochrot
- F.A.S.T. - Lifta Preservation Joint project on the reconstruction of memory and the preservation of Lifta May 14, 2006
- Zochrot appeals to the Regional Planning Committee to oppose plans to build on the remains of Lifta
- Lifta Society Website
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