Outline of linguistics
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(Redirected from Linguistics basic topics)
See also: Index of linguistics articles
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to linguistics:
Linguistics is the scientific study of natural language. Someone who engages in this study is called a linguist. Linguistics can be theoretical or applied.
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[edit] Nature of linguistics
Linguistics can be described as all of the following:
- Academic discipline – body of knowledge given to - or received by - a disciple (student); a branch or sphere of knowledge, or field of study, that an individual has chosen to specialise in.
- Field of science – widely-recognized category of specialized expertise within science, and typically embodies its own terminology and nomenclature. Such a field will usually be represented by one or more scientific journals, where peer reviewed research is published. There are many sociology-related scientific journals.
- Social science – field of academic scholarship that explores aspects of human society.
[edit] Branches of linguistics
[edit] Subfields of linguistics
- Computational linguistics
- Comparative linguistics
- Contrastive linguistics
- Corpus linguistics
- Dialectology
- Discourse analysis
- Etymology
- Forensic linguistics
- Grammar
- Historical linguistics
- Interlinguistics
- Language didactics
- Language learning
- Language teaching
- Language for specific purposes
- Lexicology
- Linguistic statistics
- Linguistic typology
- Morphology
- Neurolinguistics
- Orthography
- Phonetics
- Phonology
- Pragmatics
- Psycholinguistics
- Rhetoric
- Semantics
- Sociolinguistics
- Stylistics
- Text linguistics
[edit] Schools, movements, and approaches of linguistics
- Cognitive linguistics
- Danish School
- Functionalism
- Generative linguistics
- Geneva School
- Neo-Grammarians
- Prague School
- Prescription and description
- Soviet linguistics
- Stratificational linguistics
- Structuralism
- Systemic linguistics
- SIL International
- Tagmemics
[edit] History of linguistics
- Main article: History of linguistics
[edit] Timeline of discovery of basic linguistics concepts
When were the basic concepts first described and by whom?
- Ancient Sanskrit grammarians
- Ancient Greek study of language
- Roman elaborations of Greek study
- Medieval philosophical work in Latin
- Beginnings of modern linguistics in the 19th century
- Behaviorism and mental tabula rasa hypothesis
- Chomsky and functionalism
- Generative grammar leads to generative phonology and semantics
- Alternate syntactic systems develop in 80s
- Computational linguistics becomes feasible the late 80s
- Neurolinguistics and the biological basis of cognition
[edit] Basic questions in linguistics
What are the basic questions asked in linguistics?
- What is language?
- How did it/does it evolve?
- How does language serve as a medium of communication?
- How does language serve as a medium of thinking?
- What is common to all languages?
- How do languages differ?
(The answers are not necessarily basic or easy to understand.)
[edit] Basic concepts
What basic concepts / terms do I have to know to talk about linguistics?
[edit] Languages of the world
[edit] Linguistics scholars
Main article: List of linguists
People who had a significant influence on the development of the field
- John Langshaw Austin
- Leonard Bloomfield
- Franz Bopp
- Noam Chomsky
- David Crystal
- Daniel Everett
- M.A.K. Halliday
- Louis Hjelmslev
- Roman Jakobson
- Sir William Jones
- Pāṇini
- Kenneth L. Pike
- Rasmus Rask
- Edward Sapir
- Ferdinand de Saussure
- August Schleicher
- John R. Searle
- Claude Lévi-Strauss
- Nikolai Trubetzkoy
- Noah Webster
- Benjamin Lee Whorf
[edit] Linguistics lists
- Common misspellings
- English words without rhymes
- Words commonly mispronounced
- Words of disputed pronunciation
- Acronym
[edit] See also
[edit] External links
- Glottopedia, MediaWiki-based encyclopedia of linguistics, under construction
- Subfields according to the Linguistic Society of America
- Glossary of linguistic terms and French<->English glossary at SIL International
- "Linguistics" section of A Bibliography of Literary Theory, Criticism and Philology, ed. J. A. García Landa (University of Zaragoza, Spain)
- Linguistics and language-related wiki articles on Scholarpedia and Citizendium
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