List of Alpha Phi Alpha brothers
The list of Alpha Phi Alpha brothers (commonly referred to as Alphas[1]) includes initiated and honorary members of Alpha Phi Alpha (AΦA), the first inter-collegiate Greek-letter organization established for Black college students.[2] Founded on December 4, 1906 at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, Alpha Phi Alpha opened chapters at other colleges, universities, and cities, and named them with Greek-letters. Members traditionally pledge into a chapter, although some members were granted honorary status prior to the fraternity's discontinuation of the practice of granting honorary membership. A chapter name ending in "Lambda" denotes a graduate chapter.[3] No chapter of Alpha Phi Alpha is designated Omega, the last letter of the Greek alphabet that traditionally signifies "the end". Deceased brothers are respectfully referred to as having joined Omega Chapter.[4] Frederick Douglass is distinguished as the only member initiated posthumously when he became an exalted honorary member of Omega chapter in 1921.[5]
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| Category | Wikiproject |
| Members |
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| Founders |
| General Presidents |
| Notable brothers |
| African American Firsts |
| Programs |
| World Policy Council |
| Martin Luther King, Jr. National Memorial |
| Conventions |
| Associations |
| National Pan-Hellenic Council |
| North-American Interfraternity Conference |
| March of Dimes |
| Head Start |
| Boy Scouts of America |
| Big Brothers Big Sisters of America |
| Related Topics |
| Jena Six |
| Murray v. Pearson |
| Arizona SB 1070 |
The fraternity through its college and alumni chapters serves the community through nearly a thousand chapters in the United States, Europe, Africa, and the Caribbean."[6] The fraternity has been led by 33 General Presidents and its membership includes two Premiers, three Governors, a Vice President, three Senators, a Supreme Court Justice, two Presidential candidates, Nobel Prize, Pulitzer Prize, Lenin Peace Prize, Kluge Prize, and French Légion d'honneur and Croix de guerre laureates, and at least four Rhodes Scholars, eighteen Diplomats, fourteen Presidential Medal of Freedom, four Congressional Gold Medal, and seventeen Spingarn Medal recipients, and eighteen Olympians. Buildings, monuments, and schools have been named after Alpha men such as the Martin Luther King, Jr. Memorial, the Ernest N. Morial Convention Center, the Whitney Young Memorial Bridge, and the Baltimore-Washington International Thurgood Marshall Airport.
[edit] The House of Alpha
The honor of serving as General President is especially heartfelt when one recognizes that in "The House of Alpha", the President is "One Among Equals."
The House of Alpha was written in 1946 by fraternity brother Sydney P. Brown as a dedicatory statement for the "Alpha House" (fraternity house) of Theta Chapter and Xi Lambda chapter who jointly shared the fraternity house. Loyalty to the Fraternity ideas was repeatedly urged by brothers on the part of those who were among the initiated, and for every chapter with the vision of a fraternity house. The statement has become a manifesto for the national fraternity and chapters, as each may symbolically be referred to as a "House of Alpha".[8][9]
Eugene K. Jones, sometimes referred to as "The Visionary Jewel" once said:
Alpha Phi Alpha, the oldest of Negro Fraternities, with all of its members presumably far above the average American and having a good and practical understanding of the salient factors involved in the Negro's problem...should be able to take into their hands the leadership in the Negro's struggle for status.[10]
Here follows a list of notable Alphas.
[edit] Founders
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[edit] Academia
[edit] Educators
Ninety-five percent of all Black Colleges have been headed by an Alpha.[9]
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[edit] Professors and researchers
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[edit] Rhodes scholars
The Rhodes Scholarship is the world's oldest and arguably most prestigious international fellowship. The scholarships have been awarded to applicants annually since 1902 by the Rhodes Trust in Oxford on the basis of academic qualities, as well as those of character.
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[edit] Business
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[edit] Entertainment
[edit] Music
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[edit] Film, television and theatre
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[edit] Government, law, and public policy
- Note: individuals who belong in multiple sections appear in the first relevant section.
[edit] Vice Presidents and Supreme Court
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[edit] Cabinet and Cabinet-level Ranks
[edit] Members of the United States Congress
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[edit] U.S. Governors and Lieutenant Governors
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[edit] Diplomats
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[edit] Mayors
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[edit] Judges and Lawyers
Seventy-five percent of all Black Male Lawyers are Alphas.[9]
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[edit] Other U.S. political and legal figures
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[edit] Government officials outside the U.S.
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[edit] Journalist and media personalities
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[edit] Literature
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[edit] Military service
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[edit] Religion
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[edit] Science
Sixty percent of all Black Male Doctors and sixty-five percent of all Black Male Dentists are Alphas.[9]
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[edit] Service and social reform
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[edit] Sports
- Note: individuals who belong in multiple sections appear in the first relevant section.
[edit] Olympics
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[edit] American basketball
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[edit] American football
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[edit] Other Athletics
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[edit] Other Alphas
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[edit] General Presidents
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[edit] Citations
GOODWILL is the monarch of this house. Men, unacquainted, enter, shake hands, exchange greetings, and depart friends. Cordiality exists among all who abide within.
I am the eminent expression of friendship. Character and temperament change under my dominant power. Lives once touched by me become tuned, and are thereafter, amiable, kindly, fraternal.
I inspire the musician to play noble sentiments, and assist the chemist to convert ungenerous personalities into individuals of great worth. I destroy all ignoble impulses. I constantly invoke principles which make for common brotherhood, and the echo resounds in all communities, and princely men are thereby recognized. Education, health, music, encouragement, sympathy, laughter—all these are species of interest given on self-invested capital.
Tired moments find me a delightful treat, hours of sorrow, a shrine of understanding—at all times I am faithful to the creed of companionship.
To a few, I am the castle of dreams—ambitious, successful, hopeful dreams. To many, I am the poetic palace where human feeling is rhymed to celestial motives; to the great majority, I am the treasury of good fellowship.
In fact, I am the college of friendship; the university of brotherly love; the school for the better making of men.
I AM ALPHA PHI ALPHA!
- ^ "Arizona Student Unions". Fraternity and sorority programs. University of Arizona. Archived from the original on 2007-06-18. http://web.archive.org/web/20070618020703/http://www.union.arizona.edu/csil/greek/chapters/view.php?id=39. Retrieved 2007-08-05.
- ^ Wesley 1981, Preface to the First Edition
- ^ Wesley 1981, p. 82
- ^ Wesley 1981, p. 122
- ^ Wesley 1981, pp. 135-136
- ^ "Alpha Response to Supreme Court Decision" (Press release). Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity.. http://www.alphaphialpha.net/PressNewsDetails.php?newsID=43&newsCat=Press%20Release. Retrieved 2007-07-18.
- ^ a b Mason, Herman (1999). "James R. Williams". The Talented Tenth: The Founders and Presidents of Alpha. Winter Park, FL: Four-G. ISBN 1-885066-63-5.
- ^ a b Wesley 1981, p. 273
- ^ a b c d "Alpha Phi Alpha Facts". Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Epsilon Zeta chapter. http://organizations.uncfsu.edu/apa/facts.htm. Retrieved 2007-08-06.
- ^ Mason, Herman (1999). "The Visionary Jewel—Eugene Kinckle Jones". The Talented Tenth: The Founders and Presidents of Alpha. Winter Park, FL: Four-G. ISBN 1-885066-63-5.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "Alpha Phi Alpha Founders". Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity. http://www.alpha-phi-alpha.com/Page.php?id=138. Retrieved 2009-02-10.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "General Presidents of Alpha Phi Alpha". Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity. http://www.alpha-phi-alpha.com/Page.php?id=140. Retrieved 2009-02-10.
- ^ a b c d e "Virginia Union History". vuu.edu. http://vuu.edu/about_vuu/history.aspx. Retrieved 2010-01-08.
- ^ Gray, Christopher (1994-04-24). "Streetscapes/The Walker Town House". The New York Times (The New York Times Company). http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9803E0DF1331F937A15757C0A962958260. Retrieved 2006-10-03.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i "Notable Members of Mu Lambda". Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Mu Lambda chapter. http://www.mulambda.org/notable-members. Retrieved 26 February 2012.
- ^ a b "Herman Branson, sickle cell physicist . . .". African American Registry. http://www.aaregistry.com/african_american_history/1668/Herman_Branson_sickle_cell_physicist___. Retrieved 2007-07-16.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Staff Writer (2003-09-03). "'Supremes' Founder Mary Wilson To Be Honored By Alpha Phi Alpha". Atlanta Daily World (townnews.com). http://www.zwire.com/site/news.cfm?BRD=1077&dept_id=237833&newsid=10114164&PAG=461&rfi=9. Retrieved 2007-07-06.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o "Alpha Phi Alpha Educators". Cornell University. Archived from the original on 2007-07-02. http://web.archive.org/web/20070702002256/http://www.rso.cornell.edu/alpha/prominent/education.html. Retrieved 2007-07-03.
- ^ a b c "Great Lives in the Law: Julius Chambers Lecture". Duke Law News and Events (Duke University School of law). http://www.law.duke.edu/features/news_chambers_lecture.html. Retrieved 2007-07-29.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc "Notable Alpha Men". Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Mu Lambda chapter. Archived from the original on 2007-1023. http://web.archive.org/web/20071023221113/http://www.mulambda.org/page.php?parent_id=&page_id=15979. Retrieved 2007-10-12.
- ^ "UMass Amherst Chancellor Search". University of Massachusetts. Archived from the original on 2007-12-30. http://web.archive.org/web/20071230175723/http://www.massachusetts.edu/amherstsearch/news.cfm?mode=detail&news_id=293. Retrieved 2008-02-28.
- ^ a b "Alpha Phi Alpa College Presidents". Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity. http://www.alphaphialpha.net/PressNewsDetails.php?newsID=40&newsCat=Announcements. Retrieved 2007-10-02.
- ^ a b "Floyd H. Flake Professional Profile". Allen Cathedral. http://www.allencathedral.org/allen/home.aspx?nid=250&idv=209&sbnav=237. Retrieved 2007-10-20.
- ^ a b c d e f "Alpha Phi Alpha Government Leaders". rso.cornell.edu. Archived from the original on 2007-07-04. http://web.archive.org/web/20070704205558/http://www.rso.cornell.edu/alpha/prominent/government.html. Retrieved 2007-07-05.
- ^ Wesley 1981, p. 402
- ^ "A Guide to the Papers of Luther Hilton Foster, 1928-1949". Luther Hilton Foster Papers, Accession number: # 1976-56, Johnston Memorial Library, Virginia State University. http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaead/published/vsu/vipets00011.xml. Retrieved 2007-10-10.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac "Prominent Alphas". Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity. http://www.alpha-phi-alpha.com/Page.php?id=139. Retrieved 2007-07-30.
- ^ "Dr. Norman C. Francis Receives the Presidential Medal of Freedom". Xavier University. http://www.xula.edu/president/award.html. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
- ^ a b c "Civil rights veterans join Martin Luther King Jr.’s fraternity Alpha Phi Alpha" (Press release). Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity. December 2010. "Most of you have been walking in the light of Alpha all these years, and now you have finally have made it official."
- ^ Wesley 1969
- ^ "George Gore Biographical Information". tristate.edu. http://www.tnstate.edu/library/digital/gorebio.htm. Retrieved 2007-10-10.
- ^ Moore, Waveney Ann (2008-12-08). "Cornelius Henderson, Methodist bishop, dies". St. Petersburg Times. http://www.sptimes.com/News/120800/SouthPinellas/Cornelius_Henderson__.shtml. Retrieved 2007-07-06.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i "Prominent Initiates of Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Beta Chapter". Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Beta chapter. http://www.aphiabeta.com/prominent.html. Retrieved 2007-10-10.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q "The Spingarn Medal". spingarn.k12.dc.us. http://spingarn.k12.dc.us/sclub/medal.html. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
- ^ a b "Activist John Hope had a vision. .". aaregistry.com. http://www.aaregistry.com/african_american_history/915/Activist_John_Hope_had_a_vision. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
- ^ a b c "Walking with Giants: The ASALH Presidents". asalh.org. http://www.asalh.org/asalhpresidents.html. Retrieved 2007-07-31.
- ^ "Delta Lambda Chapter". Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Delta Lambda chapter. http://www.deltalambda.org/. Retrieved 2007-07-19.
- ^ "Freeman A. Hrabowski III". The University of Maryland, Baltimore County. http://www.umbc.edu/aboutumbc/president/index.php. Retrieved 2007-07-19.
- ^ "President's Office". Philander Smith College. http://www.philander.edu/PresidentsOfc.aspx. Retrieved 2007-07-06.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i "Famous Alpha Phi Alpha members". Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Alpha Gamma chapter. http://www.brown.edu/Students/Alpha_Phi_Alpha/famous.html. Retrieved 2007-07-04.
- ^ "Significant Events in the Life of Dd. Frederick D. Patterson". United Negro College Fund. http://www.patterson-uncf.org/aboutpatterson.htm. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
- ^ a b c Dawson, Horace; Edward Brooke, Henry Ponder, Vinton R. Anderson, Bobby William Austin, Ron Dellums, Kenton Keith, Huel D. Perkins, Charles Rangel, Clathan McClain Ross, and Cornel West (July 2006) (PDF). The Centenary Report Of The Alpha Phi Alpha World Policy Council. Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity. http://www.alpha-phi-alpha.com/Resources/ImageFile/File/image/WPC06-WEB.pdf. Retrieved 2011-05-23.
- ^ "John Brooks Slaughter Biography". biography.jrank.org. http://biography.jrank.org/pages/2825/Slaughter-John-Brooks.html. Retrieved 2007-10-10.
- ^ "Historical Highlights". http://www.ecsu.edu/about/history/index.cfm. Retrieved 27 February 2012.
- ^ "William Foster papers, 1940-2004". University of Kansas. http://etext.ku.edu/view?docId=ksrlead/ksrl.kc.fosterwilliam.xml;route=ksrlead;brand=ksrlead;query=. Retrieved 12 February 2012.
- ^ "John Hope Franklin, a timeless educator". aaregistry.com. http://www.aaregistry.com/african_american_history/181/John_Hope_Franklin_a_timeless_educator___. Retrieved 2007-07-19.
- ^ "Kluge Prize Winners". Library of Congress. 2006. http://www.loc.gov/loc/kluge/prize/winners.html. Retrieved 2007-07-19.
- ^ a b Mason, Herman (1999-05-11). "Sigma Pi Phi: The Boule". Skip's Historical Moments, Number 19. skipmason.com. http://www.skipmason.com/hm/hm19.htm. Retrieved 2008-01-02.
- ^ Ragland, James (2007-12-29). "'Great Debaters' sparks Wiley College's hopes for reinvention". The Dallas Morning News (dallasnews.com). http://www.dallasnews.com/sharedcontent/dws/dn/localnews/columnists/jragland/stories/123007dnmetragland.1629c85.html. Retrieved 2008-01-02.
- ^ a b c Mason, Herman (1999-05-25). "Notable Honorary Members". Skip's Historical Moments, Number 24. skipmason.com. http://www.skipmason.com/hm/hm24.htm. Retrieved 2008-01-02.
- ^ "Dr. Kelly Miller: Johns Hopkins University's First Black Student". The History of African Americans form Johns Hopkins University. Johns Hopkins University. http://afam.nts.jhu.edu/people/Miller/miller.html. Retrieved 13 December 2010.
- ^ Wesley 1981, p. 219
- ^ "John Amos Porter". artnoir.com. Archived from the original on 2007-04-09. http://web.archive.org/web/20070409092821/http://artnoir.com/index.porter.html. Retrieved 2007-07-19.
- ^ a b "Faces of Alpha Phi Alpha, Manley". http://www.munualphas.com/manley.html. Retrieved 2007-06-30.
- ^ a b Burke, Michael (2004-09-04). "Norman Manley and Aloun Assamba". Jamaica Observer. http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/columns/html/20040901T220000-0500_65567_OBS_NORMAN_MANLEY_AND_ALOUN_ASSAMBA.asp. Retrieved 2007-06-30.
- ^ "Hopkins' Honors Rhodes Scholar". The Gazette Online (Johns Hopkins University). 2001-01-22. http://www.jhu.edu/~gazette/2001/jan2201/22briefs.html. Retrieved 2007-06-30.
- ^ a b "Dr. Randal Pinkett, Affiliations". http://www.randalpinkett.com/about/affiliations.asp. Retrieved 2007-10-12.
- ^ a b "The Apprentice". NBC. http://www.nbc.com/The_Apprentice_4/candidates/bio_randal.shtml. Retrieved 2007-10-12.
- ^ a b c "Alpha Phi Alpha Business Leaders". Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Tau Alpha chapter. http://www3.baylor.edu/Alpha_Phi_Alpha/business.htm. Retrieved 2007-07-19.
- ^ "Bike tour of historic neighborhoods". Atlanta Daily World (townnews.com). http://www.zwire.com/site/news.cfm?brd=1077&Nav_Sec=35462. Retrieved 2007-07-15.
- ^ a b c d "17th House of Alpha". Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Sigma chapter,. http://www.17th-house.com/. Retrieved 2007-07-04.
- ^ "Celebration Of The Life Of John H. Johnson 1918-2005" (PDF). Funeral Program. johnpublishing.com. pp. 3. http://www.johnsonpublishing.com/media/john_johnson/funeral_program.pdf. Retrieved 2007-07-23.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r "Alpha Phi Alpha Politicians". http://politicalgraveyard.com/group/alpha-phi-alpha.html. Retrieved 2007-06-07.
- ^ a b "New York Times v. Sullivan". findlaw.com. http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?court=US&vol=376&invol=254. Retrieved 2007-07-04.
- ^ Staff Writer (2004-11-04). "Samuel Pierce Jr., housing secretary in Reagan era". The Plain Dealer. http://www.cleveland.com/news/index.ssf?/news/pd/w04nec1.html. Retrieved 2007-07-04.
- ^ "Johnathan Rodgers Biography". jrank.com. 2006-11-17. http://biography.jrank.org/pages/2690/Rodgers-Johnathan.html. Retrieved 2007-10-12.
- ^ "Ebony Magazine's "Power 150"" (Press release). May 2008. http://www.blacknews.com/news/alpha_phi_alpha201.shtml. Retrieved June 7, 2009. "Alpha continues to stand as the organization that represents the totality of the Black male..."
- ^ a b c d e f g h "Alpha Phi Alpha Entertainers". Cornell University. http://www.rso.cornell.edu/alpha/prominent/entertainment.html. Retrieved 2007-07-03.
- ^ "Duke Ellington–Composer, Pianist and Jazz Bandleader". dclibrary.org. Archived from the original on 2007-07-09. http://web.archive.org/web/20070709114455/http://dclibrary.org/blkren/bios/ellingtond.html. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
- ^ a b "Lionel Hampton: His Life and Legacy". Alpha University of Idaho. http://www.uidaho.edu/hampton/bio.html. Retrieved 2007-07-30.
- ^ "Donny Hathaway biography". soulwalking.co.uk. http://www.soulwalking.co.uk/Donny%20Hathaway.html. Retrieved 2007-07-23.
- ^ Mason, Herman (1999-04-29). "Our Brother Duke Ellington would have been 100 years old today!". Skips Historical Moments, Number 11. skipmason.com. http://www.skipmason.com/hm/hm11.htm. Retrieved 2007-09-25.
- ^ "Lionel Richie biography". imdb.co. http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0005360/. Retrieved 2007-07-23.
- ^ "Martin L. King Jr. Holiday Exclusive: How a Historic Photo Serves as Inspiration for Writer of 'Stomp The Yard' Gregory Anderson". PR Newswire (Empire Broadcasting). 2001-01-10. http://www.prnewswire.com/cgi-bin/stories.pl?ACCT=KLIVAM.story&STORY=/www/story/01-10-2007/0004503552&EDATE=Jan+10,+2007. Retrieved 2007-07-22.
- ^ "Shuffle Along". The John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts. http://artsedge.kennedy-center.org/exploring/harlem/themes/shufflealong_text.html. Retrieved 2007-07-22.
- ^ a b "Dreamgirls". Center Theatre Group. http://www.centertheatregroup.org/tickets/DRE_cast.aspx. Retrieved 15 June 2011.
- ^ "Todd Duncan biography". America Online. http://music.aol.com/artist/todd-duncan/151256/biography. Retrieved 2007-07-20.
- ^ a b Carter, Amberly R. (February 2007). "Becoming Greek" (PDF). The Drum. Millikin University. p. 3. http://www.millikin.edu/multicultural/drum/Drum_February_07.pdf. Retrieved 2007-07-07.[dead link]
- ^ Malone, Jacqui (1996). Steppin' on the Blues. Illinois: University of Illinois Press. pp. 167. ISBN 0252065085, 9780252065088. http://books.google.com/?id=yWJXUnPDFk0C&pg=PA167-IA9&lpg=PA167-IA9&dq=%22sydney+hall%22+%22alpha+phi+alpha%22.
- ^ "Cast of Generation Kill". TV Guide. http://www.tvguide.com/tvshows/generation-kill/cast/294017. Retrieved 2008-07-14.
- ^ "Zeta Pi Lines 1990 - 1999". Alpha Phi Alpha, Theta Pi chapter. http://www.uga.edu/alpha/zplines89-99.html. Retrieved 10 September 2010.
- ^ "Omari Hardwick biography". AOL. http://television.aol.com/celebs/omari-hardwick/465531/biography. Retrieved 10 September 2010.
- ^ "Rob Hardy, Filmography". imdb.com. http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0362734/. Retrieved 2007-07-07.
- ^ "President Mason sets focus on America's black boys" (Press release). Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity. 2009-01-28. http://www.alpha-phi-alpha.com/PressNewsDetails.php?newsID=80&newsCat=Press%20Release. Retrieved 2009-04-16.
- ^ "Fraternity Highlights Activism, Commitment To Improving Community" (Press release). blacknews.com. http://www.blacknews.com/news/alpha_phi_alpha301.shtml. Retrieved 2009-04-16.
- ^ "Next Big Thing: Christian Keyes". A Tru Star. http://atrustar.blogspot.com/2008/08/next-big-thing-christian-keyes-so-sexy.html. Retrieved 2011-01-08.
- ^ "Alpha Chapter Lineage (1988-2003)". rso.cornell.edu. http://www.rso.cornell.edu/alpha/brother/lineage3.html. Retrieved 2007-07-07.
- ^ "Vaughn Lowery biography". imdb.com. http://www.imdb.com/name/nm2210393/bio. Retrieved 2007-07-22.
- ^ Alston, Johsua (2007-01-12). "Stepping Out of Line?". Newsweek Entertainment. msnbc.com. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/16583100/site/newsweek/. Retrieved 2007-07-07.[dead link]
- ^ "Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Inc Tackled the "N-Word"". Blacknews.com. http://www.blacknews.com/news/alpha_phi_alpha501.shtml. Retrieved 2011-05-15.
- ^ "Tim Reid Initiated". The Sphinx (Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity) 95 (3): 35. Fall 2010.
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- ^ Wesley 1981, pp. 453-454
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- ^ "Thurgood Marshall". africanamericans.com. http://www.africanamericans.com/ThurgoodMarshall.htm. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
- ^ "Press Briefing by Drug Control Director Lee Brown" (Press release). William J. Clinton Foundation. 1994-02-09. http://www.clintonfoundation.org/legacy/020994-press-briefing-by-drug-control-director-lee-brown.htm. Retrieved 2007-07-04. "Our belief is that supply and demand are equally important and, therefore, they should not be competing with each other."
- ^ Wesley 1981, pp. 481-482
- ^ "Executive Office of the President". nixonfoundation.org. http://www.nixonfoundation.org/index.php?src=gendocs&link=Administration1969&category=Research+Center. Retrieved 2007-08-02.
- ^ Peppers, Todd. "William Thaddeus Coleman, Jr.: Breaking the Color Barrier at the U.S. Supreme Court". http://law.wlu.edu/faculty/facultydocuments/pepperst/colemanarticle.pdf.
- ^ a b Mason, Herman (1999). "Rayford Wittingham Logan". The Talented Tenth: The Founders and Presidents of Alpha. Winter Park, FL: Four-G. ISBN 1-885066-63-5.
- ^ "Former senator awarded Congressional Gold Medal". CNN (TBS). 28 October 2009. http://edition.cnn.com/2009/POLITICS/10/28/congressional.medal/. Retrieved 5 October 2010. "He ran for office, as he put it, to bring people together who had never been together before, and that he did."
- ^ "The Honorable Roland Burris". Buffalo Niagara Medical Campus. http://www.siu.edu/~cola/burris.html. Retrieved 2007-07-05.
- ^ Staff Writer (2009-01-15). "Burris sworn in as senator". Chicago Sun-Times. Associated Press (Chicago: Chicago Sun News Group). http://www.suntimes.com/news/nation/1380620,w-burris-sworn-senator-011509.article. Retrieved 15 January 2009.
- ^ "Members of Congress–Emanuel Cleaver". washingtonpost.com. 2006-04-07. http://projects.washingtonpost.com/congress/members/c001061/. Retrieved 2007-07-06.
- ^ a b "U.S. Senate approves resolution" (Press release). Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity. 2006-11-06. http://www.alphaphialpha.net/PressNewsDetails.php?newsID=25&newsCat=Press+Release. Retrieved 2008-12-31. "Alpha Phi Alpha is an exceptional organization that deserves to be recognized and honored for all of its many great achievements. The fraternity has helped shape more than 175,000 young men into extraordinary leaders who contribute positively to their communities and the world."
- ^ Heredia, Christopher (2007-01-08). "Dellums sworn in as Oakland mayor". San Francisco Chronicle (Hearst). http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2007/01/08/BAGVQNF1PV7.DTL&feed=rss.news. Retrieved 2007-07-01.
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- ^ "Dartmouth's Reggie Williams Selected for College Football Hall of Fame". dartmouthsports.com (Dartmouth College). May 9, 2007. http://dartmouthsports.com/ViewArticle.dbml?SPSID=57737&SPID=6287&DB_OEM_ID=11600&ATCLID=883003&ATCLPID=2&SENDING_AS_EMAIL=&PRINTABLE_PAGE=. Retrieved June 27, 2009.
- ^ "JC "Concrete" Cuffee". http://www.concretecuffee.com/bio.php. Retrieved 2011-05-14.
- ^ Milojevic, Mica. "Gerald Harris, CSU wrestler, works hard on the mat and in life". The Cleveland Slater (Cleveland State University). http://www.csuohio.edu/clevelandstater/Archives/Vol%204/Issue%2012/Sports/sports5.html. Retrieved 2007-07-22.
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- ^ Chustz-Parent, Angela (2009-11-16). "MMA and Boxing at the SU mini-dome". 2theadvocate. http://www.2theadvocate.com/entertainment/70202217.html. Retrieved 2011-05-14.
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[edit] References
- Mason, Herman (1999). The Talented Tenth: The Founders and Presidents of Alpha (2nd ed.). Winter Park, FL: Four-G. ISBN 1-885066-63-5.
- Wesley, Charles H. (1969). The History of Alpha Phi Alpha, A Development in College Life (11th ed.). Chicago, Illinois: Foundation.
- Wesley, Charles H. (1981). The History of Alpha Phi Alpha, A Development in College Life (14th ed.). Chicago, IL: Foundation. ASIN: B000ESQ14W.