List of American federal politicians convicted of crimes

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This list consists of American politicians convicted of crimes either committed or prosecuted while holding office in the federal government. It includes politicians who were convicted or pleaded guilty in a court of law; and does not include politicians involved in unprosecuted scandals (which may or may not have been illegal in nature), or politicians who have only been arrested or indicted. The list also does not include crimes which occur outside the politician’s tenure unless they specifically stem from acts while they were in office.

Although the convicted politicians are arranged by presidential terms starting with the most recent, many of the crimes have little or no connection to who is President.

Contents

2009– (Obama (D) presidency) [edit]

Judicial Branch [edit]

Legislative Branch [edit]

  • Jesse Jackson, Jr. (D-IL) pleaded guilty on February 20, 2013 to one count of wire and mail fraud in connection with his misuse of $750,000 of campaign funds. Jackson, Jr. agreed to plead guilty to charges of fraud, conspiracy, making false statements, mail fraud, wire fraud, and criminal forfeiture. Jackson, Jr. used about $750,000 in campaign money for personal expenses that included a Michael Jackson fedora and cashmere capes. Sentencing is scheduled for June 28, 2013.[4]

2001–2009 (George W. Bush (R) presidency) [edit]

Executive branch [edit]

  • Courtney Stadd, Chief of Staff to NASA, was sentenced to 41 months in prison for conspiracy. (2012)[5]
  • Scott Bloch was appointed by George W. Bush to head the United States Office of Special Counsel and was sentenced to one month in prison for Contempt of Congress and sentenced to one year of un-supervised probation. Bloch had hired Geeks on Call to scrub his computer of files before they could be examined by Congress. (2010)[6]
  • Lewis Libby (R) Chief of Staff to Vice President Dick Cheney (R). 'Scooter' was convicted of perjury and obstruction of justice in the Plame Affair on March 6, 2007 and was sentenced to 30 months in prison and fined $250,000. His sentence was commuted by George W. Bush (R) on July 1, 2007. The felony remains on Libby's record though the jail time and fine were commuted.[7]
  • Lester Crawford (R) Commissioner of the Food and Drug Administration, resigned after 2 months. Pleaded guilty to conflict of interest and received 3 years suspended sentence and fined $90,000. (2006) [8]
  • Claude Allen (R) Advisor to President Bush on Domestic Policy, Allen was arrested for a series of felony thefts in retail stores such as Target. (2006) He was convicted on one count and resigned soon after.[9]
  • Darleen Druyun (D) Principal Deputy Undersecretary of the Air Force for Acquisition, Druyun pleaded guilty to inflating the price of the contract to favor her future employer and to passing information on the competing Airbus A330 MRTT bid (from EADS). In October 2004, she was sentenced to nine months in jail for corruption, fined $5,000, given three years of supervised release and 150 hours of community service. She began her prison term on January 5, 2005.[10]
  • Jack Abramoff CNMI scandal involves the efforts of Abramoff to influence Congress concerning U.S. immigration and minimum wage laws. See Legislative branch convictions. Convictions within the Bush administration include:
  1. David Safavian GSA (General Services Administration) Chief of Staff,[11] found guilty of blocking justice and lying, [12] and sentenced to 18 months[13]
  2. Roger Stillwell Staff in the Department of the Interior under George W. Bush. Pleaded guilty and received two years suspended sentence. [12]
  3. Susan B. Ralston Special Assistant to the President and Senior Advisor to Karl Rove, resigned October 6, 2006 after it became known that she accepted gifts and passed information to her former boss Jack Abramoff.[14]
  4. J. Steven Griles Deputy Secretary of the Interior pleaded guilty to obstruction of justice and was sentenced to 10 months.[15]
  5. Italia Federici staff to the Secretary of Interior, and President of the Council of Republicans for Environmental Advocacy, pleaded guilty to tax evasion and obstruction of justice. She was sentenced to four years probation.[16][17][18]
  6. Jared Carpenter Vice-President of the Council of Republicans for Environmental Advocacy, was discovered during the Abramoff investigation and pleaded guilty to income tax evasion. He got 45 days, plus 4 years probation.[19]
  7. Mark Zachares staff in the Department of Labor, bribed by Abramoff, guilty of conspiracy to defraud. [20]
  8. Robert E. Coughlin Deputy Chief of Staff, Criminal Division of the Justice Department pleaded guilty to conflict of interest after accepting bribes from Jack Abramoff. (2008) [17]

Legislative branch [edit]

  • Jack Abramoff CNMI scandal involves the efforts of Abramoff to influence Congressional action concerning U.S. immigration and minimum wage laws. See Executive branch convictions. Congressmen convicted in the Abramoff scandal include:
  1. Tom DeLay (R-TX) The House Majority Leader was reprimanded twice by the House Ethics Committee and DeLay resigned 9 June 2006.[21] Delay was found to have illegally channeled funds from Americans for a Republican Majority to Republican state legislator campaigns. He was convicted of two counts of money laundering and conspiracy in 2010 and sentenced to three years.[22][23][24]
  2. Michael Scanlon (R) former staff to Tom DeLay: working for Abramoff, pleaded guilty to bribery.
  3. Tony Rudy (R) former staff to Tom DeLay, pleaded guilty to conspiracy.
  4. James W. Ellis (R) executive director of Tom DeLay's political action committee, Americans for a Republican Majority (ARMPAC), was indicted by Texas for money laundering. [25]
  5. John Colyandro (R) executive director of Tom DeLay's political action committee, Texans for a Republican Majority (TRMPAC), was indicted by Texas for money laundering [25]
  6. Bob Ney (R-OH) pleaded guilty to conspiracy and making false statements as a result of his receiving trips from Abramoff in exchange for legislative favors. Ney received 30 months in prison.[26]
  7. Neil Volz former staff to Robert Ney, pleaded guilty to one count of conspiracy in 2006 charges stemming from his work for Bob Ney. In 2007 he was sentenced to two years probation, 100 hours community service, and a fine of $2,000.[27]
  8. William Heaton,former chief of staff for Bob Ney (R), pleaded guilty to a federal conspiracy charge involving a golf trip to Scotland, expensive meals, and tickets to sporting events between 2002 and 2004 as payoffs for helping Abramoff's clients.[28]
  9. John Albaugh former chief of staff to Ernest Istook (R-OK) pleaded guilty to accepting bribes connected to the Federal Highway Bill. Istook was not charged. (2008) [29][30]
  10. James Hirni, former staff to Tim Hutchinson (R-AR) was charged with wire fraud for giving a staffer, Don Young (R) of Alaska, a bribe in exchange for amendments to the Federal Highway Bill. (2008) [31]
  11. Kevin A. Ring former staff to John Doolittle (R-CA) was convicted of five charges of corruption. Doolittle was not charged. [32][33]
  • Duke Cunningham (R-California) pleaded guilty on November 28, 2005 to charges of conspiracy to commit bribery, mail fraud, wire fraud and tax evasion in what came to be called the Cunningham scandal. Sentenced to over eight years in prison.[34]
  • William J. Jefferson (D-Louisiana) in August 2005 the FBI seized $90,000 in cash from Jefferson's home freezer. He was re-elected anyway, but lost in 2008. He was convicted of 11 counts of bribery and sentenced to 13 years in prison on November 13, 2009.[35] Jefferson's Chief of Staff Brett Pfeffer, was sentenced to 84 months for bribery. (2006) [36]
  • Bill Janklow (R-South Dakota) convicted of second-degree manslaughter for running a stop sign and killing a motorcyclist. Resigned from the House and given 100 days in the county jail and three years probation. (2003)[37]
  • Jim Traficant (D-Ohio) found guilty on 10 felony counts of financial corruption, he was sentenced to 8 years in prison and expelled from the House (2002) [38]
  • Vito Fossella (R-New York) US Congressman convicted of drunken driving in 2008, later appealed but then pleaded guilty in 2009 to same charge.[39]
  • Larry Craig Senator (R-Idaho) – Married Senator and critic of Clinton's affair, pleaded guilty to disorderly conduct in a Minneapolis airport men's room in June, after having been arrested on a charge of homosexual lewd conduct.(2007) [40]

1993–2001 (Clinton (D) presidency) [edit]

Executive branch [edit]

Legislative branch [edit]

  • Mel Reynolds (D-IL) was convicted on 12 counts of sexual assault, obstruction of justice and solicitation of child pornography. (1997) Was later convicted of 12 counts of bank fraud. (1999) [45]
  • Walter R. Tucker III (D-California) was sentenced to 27 months in prison in 1996 for extortion and tax evasion. (1995)
  • Barbara-Rose Collins (D-Michigan) found to have committed 11 violations of law and house rules stemming from use of campaign funds for personal use. (1997) [46]
  • Wes Cooley (R-Oregon), Cooley was convicted of having lied on the 1994 voter information pamphlet about his service in the Army. He was fined and sentenced to two years probation (1997)[47]
  • Austin Murphy (D-Pennsylvania) convicted of one count of voter fraud for filling out absentee ballots for members of a nursing home. (1999) [48]
  • House banking scandal [49] The House of Representatives Bank found that 450 members had overdrawn their checking accounts, but not been penalized. Six were convicted of charges, most only tangentially related to the House Bank itself. Twenty two more of the most prolific over-drafters were singled out by the House Ethics Committee. (1992)
  1. Buz Lukens (R-Ohio) convicted of bribery and conspiracy.[50]
  2. Carl C. Perkins (D-Kentucky) pleaded guilty to a check kiting scheme involving several financial institutions (including the House Bank).[51]
  3. Carroll Hubbard (D-Kentucky) convicted of illegally funneling money to his wife's 1992 campaign to succeed him in congress.[52]
  4. Mary Rose Oakar (D-Ohio) pleaded guilty to a misdemeanor campaign finance charge not related to the House Bank.[53]
  5. Walter Fauntroy (D-District of Columbia) convicted of filing false disclosure forms in order to hide unauthorized income.[54]
  1. Dan Rostenkowski (D-Illinois) Rostenkowski was convicted and sentenced to 18 months in prison, in 1995.[56]
  2. Joe Kolter (D-Pennsylvania) Convicted of one count of conspiracy [57] and sentenced to 6 months in prison.[58]
  • Jay Kim (R-California) accepted $250,000 in illegal 1992 campaign contributions and was sentenced to two months house arrest (1992) [59]

1989–1993 (George H. W. Bush (R) presidency) [edit]

Judicial Branch [edit]

Executive branch [edit]

Legislative branch [edit]

  • Nicholas Mavroules (D-Massachusetts) convicted of extortion, accepting illegal gifts and failing to report them on congressional disclosure and income tax forms. Mavroules pleaded guilty to fifteen counts in April 1993 and was sentenced to a fifteen-month prison term. (1993) [64][65][66]
  • David Durenberger Senator (R-Minnesota) denounced by Senate for unethical financial transactions and then disbarred (1990). He pleaded guilty to misuse of public funds and given one year probation (1995) [68]

1981–1989 (Reagan (R) presidency) [edit]

Executive branch [edit]

See also: Reagan administration scandals

  1. James G. Watt (R) United States Secretary of the Interior, 1981–1983, charged with 25 counts of perjury and obstruction of justice. Sentenced to five years probation, fined $5,000 and 500 hours of community service[70]
  2. Deborah Gore Dean, (R) Executive Assistant to (Samuel Pierce, Secretary of HUD 1981–1987, and not charged). Dean was convicted of 12 counts of perjury, conspiracy, bribery. Sentenced to 21 months in prison (1987).[71]
  3. Phillip D. Winn (R) Assistant Secretary of HUD, 1981–1982, pleaded guilty to bribery in 1994.[71]
  4. Thomas Demery, (R) Assistant Secretary of HUD, pleaded guilty to bribery and obstruction.[71]
  5. Joseph A. Strauss, (R) Special Assistant to the Secretary of HUD, convicted for accepting payments to favor Puerto Rican land developers in receiving HUD funding.[72]
  • Wedtech scandal Wedtech Corporation convicted of bribery for Defense Department contracts.[73]
  1. Mario Biaggi (D-New York) sentenced to 2½ years. (1987)[74]
  2. Robert Garcia (D-New York) sentenced to 2½ years.[75]
  • Iran-Contra Affair (1985–1986); A secret sale of arms to Iran, to secure the release of hostages and allow U.S. intelligence agencies to fund the Nicaraguan Contras, in violation of the Boland Amendment.[76]
  1. Caspar Weinberger (R) United States Secretary of Defense, was indicted on two counts of perjury and one count of obstruction of justice on June 16, 1992. [13]. Weinberger received a pardon before his trial from George H. W. Bush on December 24, 1992.[77]
  2. Robert C. McFarlane (R) National Security Adviser, convicted of withholding evidence. Given 2 years probation. Later pardoned by President George H. W. Bush[78]
  3. John Poindexter (R) National Security Advisor, was convicted on April 7, 1990 for his role in the Iran-Contra Affair. The convictions were reversed in 1991 on appeal .[79]
  4. Oliver North (R) Member of the National Security Council, was fired by President Reagan on the same day Poindexter resigned.[80][81] North was found guilty of perjury and conspiracy, but the charges were overturned on appeal.
  5. Elliott Abrams (R) Assistant Secretary of State for Inter-American Affairs, convicted of withholding evidence. Given 2 years probation. Later pardoned by President George H. W. Bush.[82] http://www.fas.org/irp/offdocs/walsh/summpros.htm.
  1. Rita Lavelle (R), assistant EPA Administrator, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency misused ‘superfund' monies and was convicted of perjury. She served six months in prison, was fined $10,000 and given five years probation. (1984) [84]

Legislative branch [edit]

  • David Durenberger Senator (R-Minnesota), denounced by the Senate for unethical financial transactions (1990) and then disbarred as an attorney.[85] In 1995 he pleaded guilty to 5 misdemeanor counts of misuse of public funds and was given one years probation.[86]
  • Donald E. "Buz" Lukens (R-Ohio), Convicted of two counts of bribery and conspiracy. (1996) [87] See also Sex scandals.
  • Abscam FBI sting involving fake 'Arabs' trying to bribe 31 congressmen.(1980) [88] The following Congressmen were convicted:
  1. Harrison A. Williams Senator (D-New Jersey) Convicted on 9 counts of bribery and conspiracy. Sentenced to 3 years in prison.[89]
  2. John Jenrette Representative (D-South Carolina) sentenced to two years in prison for bribery and conspiracy.[90]
  3. Richard Kelly (R-Florida) Accepted $25K and then claimed he was conducting his own investigation into corruption. Served 13 months.[91]
  4. Raymond Lederer (D-Pennsylvania) "I can give you me" he said after accepting $50K. Sentenced to 3 years.[92]
  5. Michael Myers (D-Pennsylvania) Accepted $50K saying, "...money talks and bullshit walks." Sentenced to 3 years and was expelled from the House.[93]
  6. Frank Thompson (D-New Jersey) Sentenced to 3 years.[94]
  7. John M. Murphy (D-New York) Served 20 months of a 3-year sentence.[95]
  • Mario Biaggi (D-New York), Convicted of obstruction of justice and accepting illegal gratuities he was sentenced to 2½ years in prison and fined $500K for his role in the Wedtech scandal, see above. Just before expulsion from the House, he resigned. The next year he was convicted of another 15 counts of obstruction and bribery. (1988) [96]
  • Pat Swindall (R-Georgia) convicted of 6 counts of perjury. (1989) [97][98]
  • George V. Hansen (R-Idaho) censured for failing to file out disclosure forms. Spent 15 months in prison.[99]
  • Frederick W. Richmond (D-New York),Convicted of tax evasion and possession of marijuana. Served 9 months (1982) [100]
  • Dan Flood (D-Pennsylvania) censured for bribery. After a trial ended in a deadlocked jury, pleaded guilty and was sentenced to a year's probation.[101][102]
  • Joshua Eilberg (D-Pennsylvania) pleaded guilty to conflict-of-interest charges. In addition, he convinced president Carter to fire the U.S. Attorney investigating his case.[103]

Judicial branch scandals [edit]

  • Alcee Hastings (D-Florida), Federal District court judge impeached by the House and convicted by the Senate of soliciting a bribe (1989).[104] Subsequently elected to the U.S. House of Representatives (1992)
  • Harry Claiborne (D-Nebraska), Federal District court Judge impeached by the House and convicted by the Senate on two counts of tax evasion. He served over one year in prison.[105]

1977–1981 (Carter (D) presidency) [edit]

Legislative branch [edit]

  • Fred Richmond (D-New York) – Convicted of tax fraud and possession of marijuana. Served 9 months in prsion. Charges of soliciting sex from a 16-year-old boy were dropped after he submitted to counseling. (1978) [106]
  • Charles Diggs (D-Michigan), convicted on 29 charges of mail fraud and filing false payroll forms which formed a kickback scheme with his staff. Sentenced to 3 years (1978) [107]
  • Michael Myers (D-Pennsylvania) Received suspended six-month jail term after pleading no contest to disorderly conduct charged stemming from an incident at a Virginia bar in which he allegedly attacked a hotel security guard and a cashier.[108]
  • Frank M. Clark (D-Pennsylvania) pleaded guilty to mail fraud and tax evasion on June 12, 1979 and sentenced to two years in prison.[109]
  • Koreagate scandal involving alleged bribery of more than 30 members of Congress by the South Korean government represented by Tongsun Park.
  1. Richard T. Hanna (D-California) was convicted and sentenced to 6 years in prison.[110]
  • Richard Tonry (D-Louisiana) pleaded guilty to receiving illegal campaign contributions.[111]

1974–1977 (Ford (R) presidency) [edit]

Legislative branch [edit]

  • James F. Hastings (R-New York), convicted of kickbacks and mail fraud, he also took money from his employees for personal use. Served 14 months at Allenwood penitentiary. (1976) [112]
  • John V. Dowdy (D-Texas), Allegedly tried to stop a federal invesitgation of a construction firm. He served 6 months in prison for perjury. (1973) [113][114]
  • Bertram Podell (D-New York), pleaded guilty to conspiracy and conflict of interest. He was fined $5,000 and served four months in prison. (1974)[115]
  • Frank Brasco (D-New York) Sentenced to three months in jail and fined $10,000 for conspiracy to accept bribes from a reputed Mafia figure who sought truck leasing contracts from the Post Office and loans to buy trucks.[103]
  • Richard T. Hanna (D-CA), convicted in an influence-buying scandal. (1974)[116]

1969–1974 (Nixon (R) presidency) [edit]

Executive branch [edit]

  • Watergate (1972–1973) Republican 'bugging' of the Democratic Party National Headquarters at the Watergate Hotel led to a burglary which was discovered. The cover up of the affair by President Richard Nixon (R) and his staff resulted in 69 government officials being charged and 48 pleading guilty, including 7 for actual burglary. Eventually, Nixon resigned his position.[117]
  1. John N. Mitchell (R) former Attorney General, convicted of perjury.[118]
  2. Frederick C. LaRue (R) Advisor to John Mitchell, convicted of obstruction of justice.[119]
  3. Richard Kleindienst (R) Attorney General, found guilty of "refusing to answer questions" given one month in jail.[120]
  4. H. R. Haldeman (R) Chief of Staff for Nixon, convicted of perjury [121]
  5. John Ehrlichman (R) Counsel to Nixon, convicted of perjury.[122]
  6. Egil Krogh (R) Aide to John Ehrlichman, sentenced to 6 months.[119]
  7. John W. Dean III (R) Counsel to Nixon, convicted of obstruction of justice.[119]
  8. Dwight L. Chapin (R) Deputy Assistant to Nixon, convicted of perjury.[119]
  9. Charles W. Colson (R) Special Consul to Nixon, convicted of obstruction of justice.[120]

Legislative branch [edit]

  • Cornelius Gallagher (D-New Jersey) pleaded guilty to tax evasion, and served two years in prison.[123]
  • J. Irving Whalley (R-Pennsylvania) Received suspended three-year sentence and fined $11,000 in 1973 for using mails to deposit staff salary kickbacks and threatening an employee to prevent her from giving information to the FBI.[103]
  • Martin B. McKneally (R-New York) Placed on one-year probation and fined $5,000 in 1971 for failing to file income tax return. He had not paid taxes for many years prior.[124]
  • New York US Representative James Fred Hastings (R-NY) was a delegate to the 1968 Republican National Convention and the 1972 Republican National Convention. He was elected to Congress in 1968 and served from January 3, 1969, until he resigned on January 20, 1976 after being convicted of kickbacks and mail fraud. He served 14 months at Allenwood penitentiary (1976).[125]

1963–1969 (Lyndon B. Johnson (D) presidency) [edit]

Legislative branch [edit]

  • Ted Kennedy Senator (D-Massachusetts) drove his car into the channel between Chappaquiddick Island and Martha's Vineyard, killing passenger Mary Jo Kopechne. Kennedy pleaded guilty to leaving the scene of an accident and received a suspended sentence of two months [126] (1969)
  • Daniel Brewster (D-Maryland) Senator pleaded no contest to accepting " an unlawful gratuity without corrupt intent ".[127]
  • Frank W. Boykin Congressman (D-AL) was convicted of conspiracy and conflict of interest in July 1963. [128]

1961–1963 (Kennedy (D) presidency) [edit]

Legislative branch [edit]

  • Thomas F. Johnson (D-Maryland) was convicted of conspiracy and conflict of interest regarding the receipt of illegal gratuities.[129]
  • Frank Boykin (D-Alabama) Was placed on probation and fined $40,000 following conviction in a case involving a conflict of interest and conspiracy to defraud the government. He was pardoned by President Lyndon Johnson in 1965.[130]

1953–1961 (Eisenhower (R) presidency) [edit]

Legislative branch [edit]

  • Thomas J. Lane (D-Massachusetts) convicted for evading taxes on his congressional income. Served 4 months in prison, but was re-elected three more times.[131] before his 1962 defeat due to re-districting. (1956) [132]
  • Ernest K. Bramblett (R-California) Received a suspended sentence and a $5,000 fine in 1955 for making false statements in connection with payroll padding and kickbacks from congressional employees.[133]

1945–1953 (Truman (D) presidency) [edit]

Legislative branch [edit]

  • Walter E. Brehm (R-Ohio) convicted of accepting contributions illegally from one of his employees. Received a 15 month suspended sentence and a $5,000 fine.[134]
  • J. Parnell Thomas (R-New Jersey): a member of the House Committee on Un-American Activities (HUAC), was convicted of salary fraud and given an 18-month sentence and a fine, resigning from Congress in 1950. He was imprisoned in Danbury Prison with two of the Hollywood Ten he had helped put there. After serving his 18 months he was pardoned by Truman (D) in 1952,[135]
  • Andrew J. May (D-Kentucky) Convicted of accepting bribes in 1947 from a war munitions manufacturer. Was sentenced to 9 months in prison, after which he was pardoned by Truman (D) in 1952.[136]
  • James M. Curley (D-Massachusetts) fined $1,000 and served six-months for fraud before Harry S. Truman commuted the rest of his sentence.[137]

1933–1945 (Franklin D. Roosevelt (D) presidency) [edit]

Legislative branch [edit]

  • John H. Hoeppel (D-California) convicted in 1936 of selling an appointment to the West Point Military Academy. He was fined $1,000 and sentenced to 4-12 months in jail.[138]

1921–1923 (Harding (R) presidency) [edit]

Executive branch [edit]

The Harding administration was marred by scandals stemming from his appointment of men in his administration whom he had known in Ohio. They came to be known as the Ohio Gang. They include;

  1. Albert Fall (R) Secretary of the Interior who was bribed by Harry F. Sinclair for control of the Teapot Dome federal oil reserves in Wyoming. He was the first U.S. cabinet member to ever be convicted; he served two years in prison. (1922) [139]
  2. Charles R. Forbes (R) appointed by Harding as the first director of the new Bureau of Veterans Affairs. After constructing and modernizing VA hospitals, he was convicted of bribery and corruption and sentenced to two years in jail.[140]
  3. Thomas W. Miller (R), Head of the Office of Alien Property: convicted of fraud by selling valuable German patents seized after World War I for far below market price as well as bribery. Served 18 months.[141]

1901-1909 (Theodore Roosevelt (R) presidency) [edit]

Legislative Branch [edit]

1869–1877 (Grant (R) presidency) [edit]

Executive branch [edit]

  1. John J. McDonald (R) Supervisor of the Internal Revenue Service. Convicted and sentenced to three years.[146] [147]

1777–1868 [edit]

  • John Pickering, Federal Judge appointed by George Washington was impeached and convicted in absentia by the U.S. Senate for drunkenness and use of profanity on the bench in spite of the fact neither act was a high crime or misdemeanor. (1804)[150]

See also [edit]

Federal politicians:

State and local politics:

Notes [edit]

  1. ^ Powell, Stewart (2009-06-19). "U.S. House impeaches Kent". Houston Chronicle. http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/front/6488310.html. Retrieved 2009-06-19. (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/5hfRJRw37)
  2. ^ Michael A. Memoli (2010-12-09). "Senate convicts Louisiana federal judge in impeachment trial". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2010-12-09. "The Senate also voted to bar him from ever holding public office in the future... The vote on the first count was unanimous, 96-0. On subsequent counts, the votes were 69-27, 88-8, and 90-6. Impeachment required a vote of two-thirds of the Senate." 
  3. ^ http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2010/dec/8/senate-convicts-la-judge-impeachment-charge/
  4. ^ http://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/21/us/politics/jesse-l-jackson-jr-pleads-guilty-to-wire-and-mail-fraud.html}
  5. ^ http://spacenews.com/civil/110203-stadd-bound-wv-prison.html
  6. ^ http://www.govexec.com/oversight/2011/03/former-osc-scott-bloch-sentenced-to-one-month-in-prison/33652/
  7. ^ Michael J. Sniffen and Matt Apuzzo (Associated Press),"Libby Found Guilty in CIA Leak Trial: Ex-Cheney Aide Libby Found Guilty of Obstruction, Perjury, Lying to the FBI in CIA Leak Case", ABC News, March 6, 2007
  8. ^ "Ex-FDA Chief Gets Probation, Fine for Lying About Stocks". The Associated Press. February 28, 2007.
  9. ^ Washington Post - March 10, 2006
  10. ^ NY Times
  11. ^ http://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/2008/December/08-crm-1138.html
  12. ^ Birnbaum, Jeffrey H. (June 21, 2006). "Ex-Aide To Bush Found Guilty". The Washington Post. 
  13. ^ http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/15446565/
  14. ^ www.washingtonpost.com, October 7, 2006, "Rove Aid Linked to Abramoff Resigns" by Peter Baker and James V. Grimaldi
  15. ^ www.nytimes.com, March 24, 2007, "Former Aide Pleads Guilty to Lying" by Edmund L. Andrews
  16. ^ Matt Apuzzo (June 6, 2007). "New Charges Filed in Abramoff Probe". Associated Press. 
  17. ^ a b Mark Heilprin (June 8, 2007). "GOP fundraiser pleads guilty in probe". Associated Press. 
  18. ^ a b Susan Schmidt (December 15, 2007). "Republican With Links to Abramoff Is Sentenced". Washington Post. 
  19. ^ Mike Soraghan (July 14, 2007). "Abramoff investigation leads to another guilty plea". The Hill. 
  20. ^ Susan Schmidt; James V. Grimaldi (April 24, 2007). "Former Hill Staffer to Plead Guilty in Abramoff Probe". Washington Post. p. A04. 
  21. ^ Chicago Tribune, Thursday, August 26, 2010, Section 1, pg 19, "Delay trial to be held in Austin, judge rules," by News Services
  22. ^ www.yahoo.com, November 24, 2010, "Jury convicts Tom Delay in money laundering trial" by Juan A. Lozano, AP
  23. ^ Lozano, Juan A. "Texas jury says it has verdict in Tom DeLay trial". ajc.com. Retrieved 2010-11-27. 
  24. ^ By R.G. Ratcliffe And Peggy Fikac (2002-08-27). "DeLay convicted of money laundering charges | Houston & Texas News | Chron.com - Houston Chronicle". Chron.com. Retrieved 2010-11-27. 
  25. ^ a b "3 DeLay Workers Indicted in Texas. Aides Charged in Fundraising Probe," Washington Post, September 22, 2005.
  26. ^ Schmidt, Susan; Grimaldi, James V. (January 20, 2007). "Ney Sentenced to 30 Months In Prison for Abramoff Deals". The Washington Post. 
  27. ^ Yost, Pete (May 8, 2006). "Former Aide to Rep. Ney Pleads Guilty". Associated Press. 
  28. ^ Jackie Kucinich; Susan Crabtree (February 27, 2007). "Ney’s former chief of staff agrees to plead guilty". 
  29. ^ Former Istook aide pleads guilty in lobbying scandal, Daily Oklahoman June 2, 2008
  30. ^ Former GOP Staff Member Pleads Guilty to Fraud Charge, Washington Post June 3, 2008
  31. ^ Zachary Roth (November 24, 2008). "Abramoff Lobbyists Wanted Measure Attached To Young's Transportation Bill". TPM Muckraker. 
  32. ^ Carrie Johnson and Del Quentin Wilber (September 9, 2008). "Former Abramoff Associate Is Arrested: Indictment Charges Fraud, Conspiracy". The Washington Post. p. A02. Retrieved 2009-03-11. 
  33. ^ www.washingtontimes.com,[1]
  34. ^ Babcock, Charles R.; Weisman, Jonathan (November 29, 2005). "Congressman Admits Taking Bribes, Resigns - washingtonpost.com". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2010-12-03. 
  35. ^ Christian Science Monitor, www.csmonitor, Nov. 13, 2009, "Former Representative William Jefferson Sentenced to 13 years in Prison" by Dave Cook
  36. ^ AnaGannett News Service, 1/11/2006, "Former congressional aide pleads guilty to bribery" by Ana Radelat
  37. ^ probationhttp://news.minnesota.publicradio.org/features/2003/12/05_hetlandc_janklowdefense/
  38. ^ www.CNN.com, LawCenter, April 12, 2002
  39. ^ "Ex-Rep. Fossella Pleads Guilty to DUI". Fox News. April 13, 2009. 
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