List of Apollo missions

Main article: Apollo program

Green dots indicate locations of Apollo landings on the moon

The Apollo missions were a series of space missions, both manned and unmanned, flown by NASA between 1961 and 1975. They culminated with a series of manned Moon landings between 1969 and 1972.

Launch vehicles

The Apollo program used four types of launch vehicles:

• Little Joe II - unmanned suborbital launch escape system development.
• Saturn I - unmanned suborbital and orbital hardware development.
• Saturn IB - preparatory unmanned missions, and Apollo 7, the first manned (Earth orbit) mission.
• Saturn V - unmanned and manned earth orbit and lunar missions.

The Marshall Space Flight Center, which designed the Saturn rockets, referred to the flights as Saturn-Apollo (SA), while Kennedy Space Center referred to the flights as Apollo-Saturn (AS). This is why the unmanned Saturn 1 flights are referred to as SA and the unmanned Saturn 1B are referred to as AS. Dates given below are dates of launch.

Unmanned missions

Saturn I

Mission	LV Serial No	Launch Date	Launch Time	Remarks
SA-1	S-101	27 October 1961	15:06 GMT	Test of the Saturn 1 Rocket
SA-2	S-102	25 April 1962	14:00 GMT	Test of the S-1 Rocket and carried 109 m3 of water into the upper atmosphere to investigate effects on radio transmission and changes in local weather conditions.
SA-3	AS-103	16 November 1962	17:45 GMT	Repeat of the SA-2 mission.
SA-4	AS-104	28 March 1963	20:11 GMT	Test effects of premature engine shutdown
SA-5	AS-105	29 January 1964	16:25 GMT	First flight of live second stage
A-101	AS-106	28 May 1964	17:07 GMT	Tested the structural integrity of a boilerplate Apollo Command/Service Module (CSM)
A-102	AS-107	18 September 1964	17:22 GMT	Carried the first programmable computer on the Saturn I vehicle; last test flight
A-103	AS-109	16 February 1965	14:37 GMT	Carried Pegasus A micrometeorite satellite plus a CSM boilerplate
*A-104	AS-108	25 May 1965	07:35 GMT	Carried Pegasus B micrometeorite satellite plus a CSM boilerplate
A-105	AS-110	30 July 1965	13:00 GMT	Carried Pegasus C micrometeorite satellite plus a CSM boilerplate

Pad abort tests

Pad Abort Test (NASA) with boilerplate command module

Mission	Launch Date	Launch Time	Remarks
Pad Abort Test-1	7 November 1963	16:00 GMT	Launch Escape System (LES) abort test from launch pad.
Pad Abort Test-2	29 June 1965	13:00 GMT	LES pad abort test of near Block-I CM.

Little Joe II

Mission	Launch Date	Launch Time	Remarks
QTV	28 August 1963	13:05 GMT	Little Joe II qualification test.
A-001	13 May 1964	13:00 GMT	LES transonic test failed.
A-002	8 December 1964	15:00 GMT	LES maximum altitude, Max-Q abort test.
A-003	19 May 1965	13:01 GMT	LES canard maximum altitude abort test.
A-004	20 January 1966	15:17 GMT	LES test of maximum weight, tumbling Block-I CM.

Unmanned Apollo-Saturn IB and Saturn V

Some incongruity in the numbering and naming of the first three unmanned Apollo-Saturn (AS), or Apollo flights, is due to the posthumous honorary renaming of the flight which would have been AS-204, to Apollo 1. This manned flight was to have followed the first three unmanned flights. After the fire which killed the AS-204 crew on the pad during a test and training exercise, further required unmanned Apollo flights with the redesigned capsule were designated Apollo 4, 5 and 6. The first manned Apollo mission was thus Apollo 7. Simple "Apollo" numbers were never assigned to the first three unmanned flights.

Mission	Launch vehicle Serial No	Launch Date	Launch Time	Results
AS-201	Saturn IB AS-201	26 February 1966	16:12 GMT	First suborbital test of Saturn IB and Block I Apollo Command and Service Modules; landing in Atlantic ocean demonstrated heat shield; propellant pressure loss caused premature SM engine shutdown
AS-203	Saturn IB AS-203	5 July 1966	14:53 GMT	No Apollo spacecraft carried; successfully verified restartable S-IVB stage design for Saturn V. Additional testing designed to rupture the tank inadvertently destroyed the stage.
AS-202	Saturn IB AS-202	25 August 1966	17:15 GMT	Longer duration suborbital to Pacific Ocean splashdown; CM heat shield tested to higher speed; successful SM firings
Apollo 4	Saturn V AS-501	9 November 1967	12:00 GMT	First flight of Saturn V rocket; successfully demonstrated S-IVB third stage restart and tested CM heat shield at lunar re-entry speeds
Apollo 5	Saturn IB AS-204	22 January 1968	22:48 GMT	First flight of Lunar Module; successfully fired descent engine and ascent engine; demonstrated "fire-in-the-hole" landing abort test.
Apollo 6	Saturn V AS-502	4 April 1968	16:12 GMT	Second flight of Saturn V; severe "pogo" vibrations caused two second-stage engines to shut down prematurely, and third stage restart to fail. SM engine used to achieved high-speed re-entry, though less than Apollo 4. NASA identified vibration fixes and declared Saturn V man-rated.

Manned missions

Block I crew positions for Apollo 1 were designated Command Pilot, Senior Pilot, and Pilot. Corresponding Block II positions were designated Commander, Command Module Pilot, and Lunar Module Pilot (regardless of whether or not a Lunar Module was present on the mission.)

A total of fifteen Saturn V vehicles were order (through AS-515), which would have been enough for three more Moon landing missions through Apollo 20. This flight was cancelled during the first Apollo 11 landing mission, to make the launch vehicle available for the Skylab space station. Shortly thereafter, Apollo 18 and 19 were cancelled in response to Congressional cuts in NASA's budget.

Flight	Launch vehicle	Crew	Launch date	Mission duration	Mission	Results
AS-204 (Apollo 1)	Saturn IB AS-204	Virgil I. "Gus" Grissom, Edward White, Roger B. Chaffee	Planned February 21, 1967		Block I CSM Earth orbital flight (up to 14 days)	Cabin fire broke out in pure oxygen atmosphere during launch rehearsal test on January 27, 1967, killing all three crewmen and destroying the CM; canceled.
Apollo 7	Saturn IB AS-205	Walter M. "Wally" Schirra, Donn Eisele, Walter Cunningham	October 11, 1968	10d 20h 9min 3s	Block II CSM Earth orbital test	Successful 11-day flight. First live television broadcast from a US space flight
Apollo 8	Saturn V AS-503	Frank Borman, Jim Lovell, William A. Anders	December 21, 1968	6d 3h 0min 42s	Lunar orbit (CSM only)	First manned lunar flight, improvised because LM was not ready for first manned orbital test. Ten lunar orbits in twenty hours; first humans to see lunar far side and Earthrise with own eyes; live television pictures broadcast to Earth
Apollo 9	Saturn V AS-504	James McDivitt, David Scott, Russell L. "Rusty" Schweickart	March 3, 1969	10d 1h 0min 54s	Earth orbit CSM / LM test	Ten days in Earth orbit, demonstrated LM propulsion, rendezvous and docking with CSM. EVA tested lunar Portable Life Support System (PLSS).
Apollo 10	Saturn V AS-505	Thomas P. Stafford, John W. Young, Eugene Cernan	May 18, 1969	8d 0h 3min 23s	"Dress rehearsal" for lunar landing	LM descended to 8.4 nautical miles (15.6 km) without landing
Apollo 11	Saturn V AS-506	Neil Armstrong, Michael Collins, Edwin E. "Buzz" Aldrin	July 16, 1969	8d 3h 18m 35s	First lunar landing	Sea of Tranquility; single EVA in direct vicinity of LM. Navigation errors and computer alarms overcome
Apollo 12	Saturn V AS-507	Charles "Pete" Conrad, Richard Gordon, Alan Bean	November 14, 1969	10d 4h 36min 25s	Precision lunar landing (Ocean of Storms)	Lightning strike during launch nearly aborted the mission; successful landing near Surveyor 3 probe; two EVAs; returned Surveyor parts to earth; first controlled LM ascent stage impact after jettison; first use of deployable S-band antenna; two lightning strikes after liftoff with brief loss of fuel cells and telemetry; lunar TV camera damaged by accidental exposure to sun.
Apollo 13	Saturn V AS-508	Jim Lovell, Jack Swigert, Fred Haise	April 11, 1970	5d 22h 54m 41s	Lunar landing (Fra Mauro)	Mission aborted after SM oxygen tank explosion on outward leg, cancelling the landing; LM used as crew "lifeboat" for safe return. First S-IVB stage impact on Moon as active seismic test.
Apollo 14	Saturn V AS-509	Alan B. Shepard, Stuart Roosa, Edgar Mitchell	January 31, 1971	9d 0h 1min 58s	Lunar landing (Fra Mauro)	Successful landing at site intended for Apollo 13; mission overcame docking problems, faulty LM abort switch and delayed landing radar acquisition; first color video images from the lunar surface; first materials science experiments in space; two EVAs
Apollo 15	Saturn V AS-510	David Scott, Alfred Worden, James Irwin	July 26, 1971	12d 7h 11min 53s	Extended lunar landing (Hadley-Apennine)	First "J series" mission with 3-day lunar stay and extensive geology investigations; first use of lunar rover (17.25 miles (27.8 km) driven); 1 lunar "standup" EVA, 3 lunar surface EVAs, plus deep space EVA on return to retrieve orbital camera film from SM.
Apollo 16	Saturn V AS-511	John W. Young, Ken Mattingly, Charles Duke	April 16, 1972	11d 1h 51m 05s	Extended lunar landing (Descartes Highlands)	Only landing in lunar highlands; malfunction in a backup CSM yaw gimbal servo loop delayed landing and reduced stay in lunar orbit; no ascent stage deorbit due to malfunction; 3 lunar EVAs plus deep space EVA.
Apollo 17	Saturn V AS-512	Eugene Cernan, Ronald Evans, Harrison H. "Jack" Schmitt, PhD	December 7, 1972	12d 13h 51m 59s	Extended lunar landing (Taurus-Littrow)	Last Apollo lunar landing; most recent human flight beyond low Earth orbit (as of 2011); only lunar mission with a scientist (geologist); 3 lunar EVAs plus deep space EVA

Launch Complex utilization

• Launch Complex 34 - SA-1, SA-2, SA-3, SA-4, AS-201, AS-202, AS-204 (Apollo 1), AS-205 (Apollo 7)
• Launch Complex 37A - no launches
• Launch Complex 37B - SA-5, A-101, A-102, A-103, A-104, A-105, AS-203, AS-204 (Apollo 5)
• Launch Complex 39A - AS-501 (Apollo 4), AS-502 (Apollo 6), AS-503 (Apollo 8), AS-504 (Apollo 9), AS-506 (Apollo 11), AS-507 (Apollo 12), AS-508 (Apollo 13), AS-509 (Apollo 14), AS-510 (Apollo 15), AS-511 (Apollo 16), AS-512 (Apollo 17)
• Launch Complex 39B - AS-505 (Apollo 10).