List of deists
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This List of deists relies on references to primary sources or sources affiliated with the subject, rather than references from independent authors and third-party publications. Please add citations from reliable sources. (May 2008) |
This is a partial list of people who have been categorized as deists, the belief in a God based on natural religion only, or belief in religious truths discovered by people through a process of reasoning, independent of any revelation through scripture or prophets. They have been selected for their influence on Deism, or for their fame in other areas.
- Albert Einstein (1879 – 1955), German theoretical physicist, one of the most prolific intellects in human history, also considered to be a pantheist[1]
- Al-Maʿarri (973 – 1058), was a blind Arab philosopher, poet and writer, and a controversial rationalist.[2]
- Antony Flew (1923 – 2010), British philosopher and prominent former atheist[3]
- Alexander Pope (1688 – 1744), English poet during the eighteenth century
- Adam Smith (1723 – 1790), Scottish Philosopher and economist, considered the father of modern economics[4]
- Ahmad Kasravi (1890 – 1946), Iranian linguist, historian, and reformer.[5]
- Andrew Rogers (1989 – present), American philosopher and writer
- Benjamin Franklin (1706 – 1790), American polymath, one of the Founding Fathers of the United States[6]
- Brett Gurewitz (1962 – ), guitarist and songwriter for the American punk rock band Bad Religion[7]
- Cicero (106 BCE – 43 BCE), Roman statesman, lawyer, political theorist, philosopher, and Roman constitutionalist[8]
- Ethan Allen (1738 – 1789), early American revolutionary and guerrilla leader[9]
- Edward Herbert, 1st Baron Herbert of Cherbury (1583 – 1648), British soldier, diplomat, historian, poet and religious philosopher[10]
- Elihu Palmer (1764 – 1806), American author and advocate of deism[11]
- Frederick the Great (1712 – 1786), Prussian King from the Hohenzollern dynasty[12]
- Gotthold Ephraim Lessing (1729 – 1781), German writer, philosopher, dramatist, publicist, and art critic[13]
- George Washington (1732 – 1799), "Father of the Our Country", one of the Founding Fathers of the United States, and the 1st President of the United States[14]
- Henrik Wergeland (1808 – 1845), Norwegian poet and theologist (by self-definition).
- John Toland (1670 – 1722), Irish philosopher, coined the term "pantheism"[15]
- John Locke (1632 – 1704), influential English philosopher in the field of empiricism[16]
- James Madison (1751 – 1836), "Father of the United States Constitution", one of the Founding Fathers of the United States, and the 4th President of the United States[14]
- Lysander Spooner (1808 – 1887), American anarchist, philosopher and abolitionist[17]
- Maximilien Robespierre (1758 – 1794), French revolutionary and lawyer[18]
- Mark Twain (1835 – 1910), American author and humorist[19]
- Moses Mendelssohn (1729 – 1786), German philosopher influential in the Jewish Haskalah[20]
- Matthew Tindal (1657 – 1733), controversial English author whose works were influential on Enlightenment thinking[21]
- Max Planck (1858 – 1947), German physicist, regarded as the founder of quantum theory.[22]
- Muhammad ibn Zakariya al-Razi or Rhazes (865 – 925), Persian polymath, physician, alchemist and chemist, philosopher, and scholar.[23]
- Napoleon Bonaparte (1769 – 1821), French military and political leader[24]
- Paul Davies (1946 – ), British physicist and science writer and broadcaster [25]
- Thomas Jefferson, author of the United States Declaration of Independence, one of the Founding Fathers of the United States, and the 3rd President of the United States[26]
- Thomas Paine (1737 – 1809), English pamphleteer, revolutionary, radical, inventor, and intellectual, and one of the Founding Fathers of the United States[27]
- Victor Hugo (1802 – 1885), French writer, artist, activist and statesman[19][28]
- William Hogarth (1697 – 1764), English painter, visual artist and pioneering cartoonist[30]
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ http://www.deism.com/einstein.htm
- ^ Freethought Traditions in the Islamic World by Fred Whitehead; also quoted in Cyril Glasse, (2001), The New Encyclopedia of Islam, p. 278. Rowman Altamira.
- ^ Atheist Becomes Theist - Biola News and communications
- ^ The Times obituary of Adam Smith
- ^ V. Minorsky. Mongol Place-Names in Mukri Kurdistan (Mongolica, 4), Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, Vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 58-81 (1957), p. 66. JSTOR
- ^ The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin
- ^ "I don't believe in a God who does much. But I do believe in God, for some reason that I can't explain." Paste Magazine, August 1, 2007 [1]
- ^ Deism - Entry in the Dictionary of the History of Ideas
- ^ [2][dead link]
- ^ "Herbert of Cherbury, Edward [The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy]". Iep.utm.edu. 2001-04-16. http://www.iep.utm.edu/h/herbert.htm. Retrieved 2010-07-04.
- ^ Elihu Palmer - First Presbyterian Church of Newtown
- ^ Frederick the Great - Hyperhistory.net
- ^ [3]
- ^ a b "VQR » The Religion of James Monroe". Vqronline.org. http://www.vqronline.org/articles/2003/autumn/holmes-religion-james-monroe/. Retrieved 2010-07-04.
- ^ "DEISM:". JewishEncyclopedia.com. http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=209&letter=D. Retrieved 2010-07-04.
- ^ "MICHAEL J. THOMPSON - JOHN LOCKE IN JERUSALEM - LOGOS 4.1 WINTER 2005". Logosjournal.com. http://www.logosjournal.com/issue_4.1/thompson_printable.htm. Retrieved 2010-07-04.
- ^ "Deistsreplymain". Lysanderspooner.org. http://www.lysanderspooner.org/deists/deistsreplymain.html. Retrieved 2010-07-04.
- ^ "Modern History Sourceboook: Robespierre: the Supreme Being". Fordham.edu. http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/robespierre-supreme.html. Retrieved 2010-07-04.
- ^ a b "Famous Deists". Adherents.com. http://www.adherents.com/largecom/fam_deist.html. Retrieved 2010-07-04.
- ^ "Reform Judaism and the relationship to Deism". Sullivan-county.com. http://www.sullivan-county.com/id2/judaism.htm. Retrieved 2010-07-04.
- ^ "The Human Jesus and Christian Deism". Onr.com. 2009-05-31. http://www.onr.com/user/bejo/tindal.htm. Retrieved 2010-07-04.
- ^ "On the other side, Church spokesmen could scarcely become enthusiastic about Planck's deism, which omitted all reference to established religions and had no more doctrinal content than Einstein's Judaism. It seemed useful therefore to paint the lily, to improve the lesson of Planck's life for the use of proselytizers and to associate the deanthropomorphizer of science with a belief in a traditional Godhead." Heilbron, 2000, page 198
- ^ Jennifer Michael Hecht, "Doubt: A History: The Great Doubters and Their Legacy of Innovation from Socrates and Jesus to Thomas Jefferson and Emily Dickinson", pg. 227-230
- ^ [4]
- ^ "Clash in Cambridge: Scientific American". Sciam.com. 2005-09-12. http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?articleID=000C055B-0CBB-1306-8A6883414B7F0000. Retrieved 2010-07-04.
- ^ "In his college years at William and Mary, [Jefferson] came to admire Francis Bacon, Isaac Newton, and John Locke as three great paragons of wisdom. Under the influence of several professors, he converted to the deist philosophy." Avery Dulles, "The Deist Minimum", First Things: A Monthly Journal of Religion and Public Life Issue: 149. (January 2005), pp 25+
- ^ "Modern History Sourcebook: Thomas Paine: Of the Religion of Deism Compared with the Christian Religion". Fordham.edu. http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/paine-deism.html. Retrieved 2010-07-04.
- ^ "Victor Hugo". Nndb.com. 1915-04-21. http://www.nndb.com/people/665/000026587/. Retrieved 2010-07-04.
- ^ [5][dead link]
- ^ "Alfred Adler Biography from Basic Famous People - Biographies of Celebrities and other Famous People". Basic Famous People. 1937-05-28. http://basicfamouspeople.com/index.php?aid=1911. Retrieved 2010-07-04.
