List of rulers of Estonia

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The Rulers of Estonia is a list of the rulers of Estonia throughout the history. Starting with the ancient Counties and Parishes each headed by Seniores and Meliores (Elders) as noted by Henry of Livonia. The highest political institutions in Estonia during ancient times were Councils of Elders. The administrative jurisdiction of the parish and county elders were limited, the counties themselves remained autonomous [1] until the German and Danish conquest in the 13th century. Ending with the states and the rulers of states (starting from the time of the first successful Danish conquest in 1219) who either ruled or laid claims of sovereignty over some parts of the territory of present day Estonia, as well as the leaders of the independent Republic of Estonia since 1918.

Contents

[edit] Ancient counties

Counties of Ancient Estonia

[edit] Alempois

Title: Elder (- 1224)

[edit] Harju

Title: Elder (- 1224)

[edit] Järva

Title: Elder (- 1224)

[edit] Jogentagana

Title: Elder (- 1224)

[edit] Läänemaa

Title: Elder (- 1224)

[edit] Mõhu

Title: Elder (- 1224)

[edit] Nurmekund

Title: Elder (- 1224)

[edit] Revala

Title: Elder (- 1224)

[edit] Saaremaa

Title: Elder - It is probable that these men, whose names appear on a treaty with the Order of the Brethren of the Sword in 1251, were the chiefs of administrative units on Saaremaa, Muhu, and Sõrve. Their "signatures" were, in all likelihood, phonetically "Latinized" by the authors of the document.

[edit] Sakala

Title: Elder (- 1223)

[edit] Ugandi

Title: Elder (- 1224)

[edit] Vaiga

Title: Elder (- 1224)

[edit] Virumaa

Title: Elder (- 1224)

[edit] Kievan Rus'

Title: Grand Prince of Kiev, rulers over parts of Ugaunia (1030 - 1061)

Yaroslav I the Wise

Title: Prince of Novgorod, subject to the Grand Prince of Kiev

[edit] Bishopric of Livonia (Bishopric of Riga)

Title: Bishop (1208-1211; 1224-1228), ruler over parts of Southern Estonia (1208-1211) and parts of Western Estonia (1224-1228), occupied in the Livonian crusade.

[edit] Bishopric of Estonia (Bishopric of Leal)

Title: Bishop (1211-1224), rulers over parts of mainland Estonia, occupied in the Livonian crusade

[edit] Bishopric of Dorpat

Title: Bishop (1224 – 1558), rulers over Southeastern Estonia

[edit] Bishopric of Ösel-Wiek

Title: Bishop (1 October 1228 – 1559)

[edit] States

[edit] Kievan Rus'

Title: Grand Prince Rulers over parts of Ugaunia (1030 - 1061)

Yaroslav I the Wise

[edit] Kingdom of Denmark

Title: King (1219–1346) Rulers over Harria and Vironia

[edit] Livonian Order

Title: Grand Master of Livonia (1237–1561) Rulers over Saccala or Sackalia (fiefdom of the Bishopric of Dorpat and Jervia

Zygmunt II August
Henryk II Walezy

[edit] Kingdom of Poland

Title: King (1561 – 1569)

[edit] Jagiellon Dynasty

Stefan Batory

[edit] Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth

Title: King (1569 – 1572)

[edit] Jagiellon Dynasty

Title: Electoral King (1572 - 1586)

Sigismund III

Title: King (1587 – 1660)

[edit] House of Vasa

[edit] Swedish Governors

[edit] Russian Governors

  • 1710 - 1711 Rudolph Felix Bauer - General-Governor
  • 1711 - 1719 Prince Aleksandr Danilovich Menshikov - General-Governor
  • 1719 - 1728 Count Fyodor Matveyevich Apraksin - General-Governor
  • 1728 - 1736 Friedrich Baron von Löwen
  • 1736 - 1738 Sebastian Ernst von Manstein
  • 1738 - 1740 Gustaf Otto Douglas
  • 1740 - 1743 Woldemar von Löwendahl
  • 1743 - 1753 Peter August Friedrich von Holstein-Beck (1696-1775)
  • 1753 - 1758 Prince Vladimir Petrovich Dolgorukiy
  • 1758 - 1775 Peter August Friedrich von Holstein-Beck - General-Governor
  • 1775 - 1792 Count George Browne - General-Governor
  • 1783 - 1786 Georg Friedrich von Grotenhielm
  • 1786 - 1797 Heinrich Johann Baron von Wrangell
  • 1797 - 1808 Andreas von Langell
  • 1808 - 1809 Peter Friedrich Georg von Oldenburg (1784-1812)
  • 1809 - 1811 Vacant
  • 1811 - 1816 Grand Duke Paul Friedrich August von Oldenburg (1783-1853)
  • 1816 - 1819 Berend Baron Üxküll
  • 1819 - 1832 Gotthard Wilhelm Baron Budberg von Bönninghausen
  • 1832 - 1833 Otto Wilhelm von Essen
  • 1833 - 1841 Paul Friedrich von Benckendorff
  • 1842 - 1859 Johann Christoph Engelbrecht von Grünewaldt
  • 1859 - 1868 Wilhelm Otto Cornelius Alexander Ulrich
  • 1868 - 1870 Mikhail Nikolaiyevich Galkin-Vraskoy
  • 1870 - 1875 Prince Mikhail Valentinovich Shakhovskoiy-Glebov-Strezhnev
  • 1875 - 1885 Viktor Petrovich Polivanov
  • 1885 - 1894 Prince Sergey Vladimirovich
  • 1894 - 1902 Yefstafiy Nikolaiyevich Skalon
  • 1902 - 1905 Aleksey Valerianovich Bellegarde
  • 1905 - 1906 Nikolay Georgiyevich von Bünting
  • 1906 - 1907 Pyotr Petrovich Bashilov
  • 1907 - 1915 Izmail Vladimirovich Korostovetch
  • 1915 - 1917 Pyotr Vladimirovich Veryovkin

[edit] Russian Provisional Government, 1917

Alexander Kerensky

Title: Chairman (1917)

Title: Prime Minister (1917)

[edit] German State

Title: Emperor (1917–1918)

[edit] Hohenzollern

Wilhelm II

[edit] The October Revolution of 1917 era

(independent de facto)

Title: Chairman of the Soviet Executive Committee of Estonia (Eestimaa Nõukogude Täitevkomitee esimees) (1917–1918)

  • Jaan Anvelt (5 November (23 October) 1917 - 4 March 1918)

(independent de jure)

Title: Gouvernement Commissioner (Kubermangukomissar) (1917 - 1918)

  • Jaan Poska (28 November (15 November) 1917 - 24 February 1918)

[edit] Soviet Republic of Sailors and Builders of Nargen

Title: Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars (Rahvakomissaride Nõukogu esimees) (1917 - 1918)

[edit] Republic of Estonia

Title: Prime Minister of the Estonian Provisional Government (Peaminister) (1918 - 1919)

Title: Prime Minister (Peaminister) (1919 - 1920)

Title: Head of State (Riigivanem) (1920 - 1934)

  • Ants Piip (20 December 1920-25 January 1921)
  • Konstantin Päts (25 January 1921-21 November 1922)
  • Juhan (Johann) Kukk (21 November 1922-2 August 1923)
  • Konstantin Päts (2 August 1923-26 March 1924)
  • Friedrich Karl Akel (26 March 1924-16 December 1924)
  • Jüri Jaakson (16 December 1924-15 December 1925)
  • Jaan Teemant (15 December 1925-9 December 1927)
  • Jaan Tõnisson (9 December 1927-4 December 1928)
  • August Rei (4 December 1928-9 July 1929)
  • Otto August Strandman (9 July 1929-12 February 1931)
  • Konstantin Päts (12 February 1931-19 February 1932)
  • Jaan Teemant (19 February 1932-19 July 1932)
  • Kaarel Eenpalu (19 July 1932-1 November 1932)
  • Konstantin Päts (1 November 1932-18 May 1933)
  • Jaan Tõnisson (18 May 1933-21 October 1933)
  • Konstantin Päts (21 October 1933-24 January 1934)

Title: Prime Minister acting Head of State (Peaminister Riigivanema ülesannetes) (1934 - 1937)

  • Konstantin Päts (24 January 1934 - 3 September 1937)

Title: President-Regent (Riigihoidja) (1937 - 1938)

  • Konstantin Päts (3 September 1937 - 24 April 1938)

Title: President of the Republic (1938 - 1940)

  • Konstantin Päts (24 April 1938 - 21 June 1940)
  • Johannes Vares (21 June – 21 July 1940 (Prime Minister acting as the President of Repuvblic, Soviet-installed collaborant)

Title: Prime Minister acting President (Peaminister Vabariigi Presidendi ülesandeis) (1940 - 1992)

Title: Acting Prime Minister (Peaministri asetäitja) (since 1944)

Title: Chairman of the Supreme Council of the Republic of Estonia (in the body of Soviet Union) (1990 - 1991)

Title: Chairman of the Supreme Council of the Republic of Estonia (Eesti Vabariigi Ülemnõukogu esimees) (1991 - 1992)

Title: President (since 1992)

[edit] United Baltic Duchy

Title: Regent Councillor (1918)

[edit] Commune of the Working People of Estonia

Title: Chairman of the Council of The Commune of the Working People of Estonia (Eesti Töörahva Komuuna Nõukogu esimees) (1918 - 1919)

[edit] Estonian SSR

Title: Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of Estonian SSR (Eesti NSV Ülemnõukogu Presiidiumi esimees) (1940 - 1988)

Title: Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of Estonian SSR (independent) (1988 - 1990)

[edit] Soviet Union

Title: Secretary General of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (NLKP Keskkomitee peasekretär) (1940 - 1991)

[edit] Reichskommissariat Ostland

Title: Führer und Reichskanzler (1941 - 1944)

[edit] References

  1. ^ Raun, Toivo (2001). Estonia and the Estonians. Stanford: Hoover Institution Press, Stanford University. pp. 12. ISBN 0817928529. 

[edit] See also
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