List of European folk music traditions
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This is a list of folk music traditions, with styles, dances, instruments and other related topics. The term folk music can not be easily defined in a precise manner; it is used with widely-varying definitions depending on the author, intended audience and context within a work. Similarly, the term traditions in this context does not connote any strictly-defined criteria. Music scholars, journalists, audiences, record industry individuals, politicians, nationalists and demagogues may often have occasion to address which fields of folk music are distinct traditions based along racial, geographic, linguistic, religious, tribal or ethnic lines, and all such peoples will likely use different criteria to decide what constitutes a "folk music tradition". This list uses the same general categories used by mainstream, primarily English-language, scholarly sources, as determined by relevant statements of fact and the internal structure of works.
These traditions may coincide entirely, partially or not at all with geographic, political, linguistic or cultural boundaries. Very few, if any, music scholars would claim that there are any folk music traditions that can be considered specific to a distinct group of people and with characteristics undiluted by contact with the music of other peoples; thus, the folk music traditions described herein overlap in varying degrees with each other.
[edit] Europe
[edit] References
- Bohlman, Philip V.; Bruno Nettl, Charles Capwell, Thomas Turino and Isabel K. F. Wong (1997). Excursions in World Music (Second ed.). Prentice Hall. ISBN 978-0-13-230632-4.
- Broughton, Simon and Mark Ellingham (eds.) (2000). Rough Guide to World Music (First ed.). London: Rough Guides. ISBN 978-1-85828-636-5.
- "Glossary of Folk Musical Instruments & Styles from Around the World". Hobgoblin Info Source. http://www.hobgoblin.com/info/glossary.htm. Retrieved April 20, 2006.
- Kinney, Troy and Margaret West (1935). The Dance: Its Place in Art and Life. Tudor Publishing.
- Manuel, Peter (1988). Popular Musics of the Non-Western World. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-505342-5.
- Mathieson, Kenny (Ed.), ed. (2001). Celtic Music. Backbeat Books. ISBN 978-0-87930-623-6.
- McKinney, Howard D. and W. R. Anderson (1966). Music in History: The Evolution of an Art. New York: American Book Company.
- Ritchie, Fiona (2004). The NPR Curious Listener's Guide to Celtic Music. New York: Berkley Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-399-53071-5.
- Nettl, Bruno (1965). Folk and Traditional Music of the Western Continents. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall. OCLC 265458368.
- Sawyers, June Skinner (2000). Celtic Music: A Complete Guide (First ed.). Da Capo Press. ISBN 978-0-306-81007-7.
- "War Type Dances". Dance History Archives at StreetSwing.com. http://www.streetswing.com/histmain/z3war1.htm. Retrieved April 3, 2006.
- Fujie, Linda, James T. Koetting, David P. McAllester, David B. Reck, John M. Schechter, Mark Slobin and R. Anderson Sutton (1992). Jeff Todd Titan. ed. Worlds of Music: An Introduction to the Music of the World's Peoples (Second ed.). New York: Schirmer Books. ISBN 978-0-02-872602-1.
- "International Dance Glossary". World Music Central. Archived from the original on February 7, 2006. http://web.archive.org/web/20060207075840/http://www.worldmusiccentral.org/staticpages/index.php/glossary. Retrieved April 3, 2006.
[edit] Notes
- ^ Burton, Kim, "The Eagle Has Landed", in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 1 - 6; World Music Central; Koco, Eno. Albanian Music. Leeds-Tiranë: University of Leeds. http://www.leeds.ac.uk/music/staff/ek/albanian.htm. Retrieved 2005-08-28.; "Bashkim Braho: Albanian folk dance". Massachusetts Cultural Council. http://www.massculturalcouncil.org/programs/apprenticeshipsDetail.asp?App=0669&year=2006. Retrieved April 3, 2006.
- ^ Bohlman, pg. 210; Wagner, Christoph, "Soul Music of Old Vienna", in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 13 - 15; *""Volksmusik", "Unterhaltungsmusik", "Kammermusik", "Blasmusik", "Schnadahüpfl" and "Jodler"". AEIOU. http://www.aeiou.at/aeiou.encyclop.v/v781362.htm;internal&action=_setlanguage.action?LANGUAGE=en. Retrieved April 5, 2006.
- ^ The landler and the ländler are not the same dance, despite the similarity in name
- ^ Nettl, Folk and Traditional Music, pgs. 109 - 112; Krümm, Philippe and Jean-Pierre Rasle, and Jan Fairley, "Music of the Regions" and "A Tale of Celts and Islanders" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 103 - 113 and pgs. 292 - 297; World Music Central; "Folk music and poetry". Bizkaia.net. http://www.bizkaia.net/bizkaia_informazioa/bmaitea/bizkaia_informazioa/English/General_information/Culture/in_FOMUSI.asp. Retrieved April 20, 2006.; Hobgoblin Info Source; "TAP Program Notes". Traditional Arts Program. http://calacademy.org/research/anthropology/tap/ARCHIVE/1999/1999-06--basque.htm. Retrieved April 20, 2006.; "What is the Txistu?". Txistulari.com. Archived from the original on December 25, 2005. http://web.archive.org/web/20051225001730/http://www.txistulari.com/teknika/whatis.htm. Retrieved April 20, 2006."Txalaparta". Irish World Academy of Music and Dance. http://www.ul.ie/~iwmc/research/txalaparta.html. Retrieved April 20, 2006.; Murua, Angel (1993). "Folklore and Traditions". The Basque Country, Come and then pass the word (2nd ed.). Gobierno Vasco, Departamento de Comercio, Consuma, y Turismo. Viceconsejeria de Turismo. http://www.buber.net/Basque/Folklore/folk2.html. Retrieved 2006-04-17.
- ^ Burton, Kim, "Sad Songs of Sarajevo", in the Rough Guide to World Music, pg. 31 - 35; Slobin, Mark, "Europe/Peasant Music-Cultures of Eastern Europe" in Worlds of Music, pgs. 167 - 207; "Art". Bosnians, Their History and Culture. Archived from the original on February 16, 2006. http://web.archive.org/web/20060216100644/http://www.culturalorientation.net/bosnia/bart.html. Retrieved April 20, 2006.
- ^ The novokomponovana narodna muzika style is clearly not folk music in a scholarly sense, but may be more loosely termed traditional
- ^ Ritchie, pgs. 49, 60, 79; Krümm, Philippe and Jean-Pierre Rasle, "Music of the Regions" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 103 - 113; Sawyer, pgs. 5, 14 - 15, 58, 133; World Music Central; Winick, Steven D., "Brittany", in Mathieson, pgs. 110 - 139; Ceolas; Winick, Stephen D. (Summer 1995). "Breton Folk Music, Breton Identity, And Alan Stivell's Again". Journal of American Folklore 108 (429). Archived from the original on 6 March 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080306054734/http://dolphin.upenn.edu/~teachnet/Bretonjaf/bretonjaftoc.html. Retrieved 2006-04-17.
- ^ Nettl, Folk and Traditional Music, pg. 84; Burton, Kim, "The Mystery Voice", in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 36 - 45; Slobin, Mark, "Europe/Peasant Music-Cultures of Eastern Europe" in Worlds of Music, pgs. 167 - 207; Vollan, Ståle Tvete (1999) (in Norwegian). Bulgarsk folkemusikk - musikktradisjon og feltarbeid. Trondheim. http://home.chello.no/~staletv/. Retrieved March 2006.; "May It Fill Your Soul". Central Europe Review. http://www.ce-review.org/99/17/music17_bagust.html. Retrieved April 19, 2006.; "Bulgarian Folk Instruments". Lark in the Morning: A World of Music. http://www.larkinam.com/Articles/ArtBulgarianMusic.html. Retrieved April 19, 2006.; "Bulgarian dances". Eliznik Romania. http://www.eliznik.org.uk/Bulgaria/dance/. Retrieved April 19, 2006.; "Kopanica (Sopluk & Trakia, Bulgaria)". Dunav. Archived from the original on April 13, 2006. http://web.archive.org/web/20060413080352/http://www.dunav.org.il/dance_histories/bulgaria_kopanica.html. Retrieved April 19, 2006.
- ^ Catalan folk music can be taken to not include the music of the Balearic Islands; however, for the purposes of this list, the islands are included with Catalonia; Krümm, Philippe and Jean-Pierre Rasle, and Jan Fairley, "Music of the Regions" and "A Tale of Celts and Islanders" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 103 - 113 and pgs. 292 - 297; Stanley Sadie (Ed), ed. (1980). "Spain". The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians. 20. London: Macmillan Publishers. ISBN 978-1-56159-174-9.; Hobgoblin Info Source; "Report and Projects: Music in the Balearic and Pityusan Islands". Judith R.Cohen, Esperança Bonet Roig and Manel Frau. http://www.research.umbc.edu/eol/MA/index/number9/cohen/coh_0.htm. Retrieved April 23, 2006.; "For Culture Lovers". FEVA. Archived from the original on November 15, 2004. http://web.archive.org/web/20041115093936/http://www.feva.ad/Andorra/Angles/Andorra03_culture.htm. Retrieved September 28, 2005.
- ^ Johnson, Henry (PDF). Maintaining and Creating Heritage. Small Island Cultures Research Initiative. http://www.sicri.org/assets/downloads/SICRI05_PDF/SICRI2005_Johnson.pdf. Retrieved 2006-04-29.
- ^ Ritchie, pg. 48; ; Sawyer, pgs. 16 - 17; "Cornish Music". Real Cornwall. http://telematics.ex.ac.uk/realcornwall/artsandmedia/music.asp. Retrieved May 1, 2006.
- ^ Burton, Kim, "Sad Songs of Sarajevo" and "Toe Tapping Tamburicas", in the Rough Guide to World Music, pg. 31 - 35 and pgs. 46 - 48; "Present". Folk Ensemble Filip Devic. Archived from the original on 2006-02-03. http://web.archive.org/web/20060203114644/http://www.geocities.com/Vienna/7300/FilipDevic/present.html. Retrieved May 5, 2006.; "The Moreska Dance". Korcula.net. http://www.korcula.net/naselja/korcula/moreska.htm. Retrieved May 6, 2006.; "Croatia: A Diverse Culture". Footnotes (59). October 2000. Archived from the original on 2006-02-18. http://web.archive.org/web/20060218113446/http://www.geocities.com/Vienna/4677/fda59.html. Retrieved 2006-05-06.
- ^ Nettl, Folk and Traditional Music, pg. 91; Plocek, Jiri, "East Meets West", in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 49 - 57; "Folk Music". Folk Music. Archived from the original on 2009-10-31. http://www.webcitation.org/5kwsmvTBm. Retrieved June 13, 2006.
- ^ Cronshaw, Andrew, "A New Pulse for the Pols", in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 58 - 63
- ^ Nettl, Folk and Traditional Music, pgs. 53 - 75; Bloemendaal, Wim, "Tilting at Windmills" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 207 - 210; Kinney, pgs. 156 - 163
- ^ Nettl, Folk and Traditional Music, pgs. 53 - 75; Ritchie, pg. 73; Irwin, Colin, "England's Changing Roots", in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 64 - 82; Kinney, pgs. 156 - 163; Sawyer, pgs. 5, 99 - 100; World Music Central
- ^ Nettl notes that broadside ballads were primarily a form of popular music, but that many such ballads entered the folk repertoire.
- ^ Nettl, Folk and Traditional Music, pgs. 53 - 75; Cronshaw, "Singing Revolutions", in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 16 - 24
- ^ Nettl, Folk and Traditional Music, pgs. 53 - 75; Cronshaw, Andrew, "A New Pulse for the Pols", in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 58 - 63
- ^ Nettl, Folk and Traditional Music, pgs. 53 - 75, 87; Cronshaw, Andrew, "New Runes", in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 91 - 102
- ^ a b Rans, Paul, "Flemish, Walloon and Global Fusion", in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 25 - 30
- ^ Bloemendaal, Wim, "Tilting at Windmills" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 207 - 210
- ^ Nettl, Folk and Traditional Music, pgs. 102 - 106; Krümm, Philippe and Jean-Pierre Rasle, and Alessio Surian, "Music of the Regions" and "Tenores and Tarantellas" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 103 - 113 and pgs. 189 - 201; Kinney, pgs. 156 - 163
- ^ Ritchie, pgs. 51, 76; Jan Fairley, "A Tale of Celts and Islanders" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 292 - 297; Sawyer, pgs. 5, 19; World Music Central
- ^ Nettl, Folk and Traditional Music, pgs. 53 - 75, 80; Hunt, Ken, "Kraut Kaunterblast" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 114 - 125; Kinney, pgs. 156 - 163
- ^ Manuel, Popular Musics, pgs. 127 - 132; Nettl, Folk and Traditional Music, pg. 92; Dubin, Marc and George Pissalidhes, "Songs of the Near East" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 126 - 142
- ^ Bohlman, pg. 199; Nettl, Folk and Traditional Music, pgs. 53 - 75; Broughton, Simon, "A Musical Mother Tongue" and "Taraf Traditions"in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 159 - 167 and pgs. 237 - 247; Slobin, Mark, "Europe/Peasant Music-Cultures of Eastern Europe" in Worlds of Music, pgs. 167 - 207; Kinney, pgs. 190 - 192; World Music Central
- ^ Nettl, Folk and Traditional Music, pgs. 53 - 75; Cronshaw, Andrew, "Waiting for the Thaw" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 168 - 169
- ^ Ritchie, pgs. 15 - 17, 32 - 33, 60, 67, 72, 74 - 75, 77, 80 - 81; Nettl, Folk and Traditional Music, pgs. 53 - 75; O'Connor, Nuala, "Dancing at the Virtual Crossroads" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 170 - 188; Kinney, pgs. 156 - 163; Sawyer, pgs. 5, 7 - 10, 36 - 37, 55 - 56, 101 - 105, 111 - 112, 117 - 121, 172 - 176, 232 - 233
- ^ The bouzouki is a relatively recent import that is often considered to not be a traditional instrument. O'Connor, however, acknowledges that though "it might seem odd", the bouzouki has "taken firm root" in traditional music.
- ^ Nettl, Folk and Traditional Music, pgs. 106 - 109; Krümm, Philippe and Jean-Pierre Rasle, and Alessio Surian, "Music of the Regions" and "Tenores and Tarantellas" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 103 - 113 and pgs. 189 - 201; Kinney, pgs. 156 - 163; World Music Central
- ^ a b Cronshaw, "Singing Revolutions", in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 16 - 24
- ^ Ritchie, pg. 43; Sawyer, pgs. 5, 17 - 18
- ^ Manuel, Popular Musics, pgs. 137 - 139; Burton, Kim, "Tricky Rhythms" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 202 - 206
- ^ a b Burton, Kim, "Balkan Beats" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 273 - 276
- ^ Bohlman, pg. 210; Nettl, Folk and Traditional Music, pgs. 53 - 75; Cronshaw, Andrew, "Fjords and Fiddles" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 211 - 218; Sawyers, pgs. 79 - 81; World Music Central
- ^ Nettl, Folk and Traditional Music, pgs. 91 - 92; Broughton, Simon, "Hanging on in the Highlands" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 219 - 224; Kinney, pgs. 190 - 191; World Music Central
- ^ Manuel, Popular Musics, pg. 115; Cronshaw, Andrew and Paul Vernon, "Traditional Riches, Fate and Revolution" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 225 - 236
- ^ Manuel, Popular Musics, pg. 121, 165; Nettl, Folk and Traditional Music, pgs. 115 - 116; Plocek, Jiri, "East Meets West", in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 49 - 57; Broughton, Simon, "Kings and Queens of the Road" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 146 - 158; Kinney, pgs. 121 - 155; World Music Central
- ^ Broughton, Simon, "Taraf Traditions" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 237 - 247; Slobin, Mark, "Europe/Peasant Music-Cultures of Eastern Europe" in Worlds of Music, pgs. 167 - 207
- ^ Nettl, Folk and Traditional Music, pg. 87; Broughton, Simon and Tatiana Didenko, "Music of the People" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 248 - 254; Slobin, Mark, "Europe/Peasant Music-Cultures of Eastern Europe" in Worlds of Music, pgs. 167 - 207
- ^ Cronshaw, Andrew, "Joiks of the Tundra" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 255 - 260
- ^ Ritchie, pgs. 15 - 16, 18, 38 - 39, 40 - 41, 62, 66, 71 - 73, 80; Heywood, Pete and Colin Irwin, "From Strathspeys to Acid Croft" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 261 - 272; Kinney, pgs. 156 - 163; Sawyer, pgs. 5, 10 - 13, 36 - 37, 39, 80 - 82, 88 - 101, 113 - 116, 121 - 126, 131 - 133, 146, 162 - 164, 202
- ^ Burton, Kim, "Sad Songs of Sarajevo", in the Rough Guide to World Music, pg. 31 - 35; Burton, Kim, "Balkan Beats" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 273 - 276; Kinney, pgs. 189 - 190
- ^ narodna muzika and novokomponovana narodna muzika translate respectively as folk music and newly-composed folk music; Burton describes both terms as perhaps vague, referring sometimes to traditionally-styled music or outright modern, popular music, which would not qualify as true folk music under any common scholarly definition; Burton also notes that many novokomponovana narodna muzika songs reflect a more Bosnian character than Serbian or Montenegrin.
- ^ Nettl, Folk and Traditional Music, pg. 91; Plocek, Jiri, "East Meets West", in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 49 - 57
- ^ Burton, Kim, "The Sound of Austro-Slavs" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 277 - 278
- ^ Nettl, Folk and Traditional Music, pgs. 113 - 117; Cronshaw, Andrew and Paul Vernon, and Jan Fairley, "Traditional Riches, Fate and Revolution" and "A Tale of Celts and Islanders" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 225 - 236 and pgs. 292 - 297; Kinney, pgs. 121 - 155; McKinney and Anderson, pgs. 614 - 616; World Music Central
- ^ Bohlman, pg. 210; Nettl, Folk and Traditional Music, pgs. 53 - 75; Cronshaw, Andrew, "Fjords and Fiddles" and "A Devil of a Polska" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 211 - 218 and pgs. 298 - 307; Kinney, pgs. 156 - 163; World Music Central
- ^ Hunt, Ken, "Kraut Kaunterblast" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 114 - 125; Kinney, pgs. 156 - 163
- ^ Manuel, Popular Musics, pgs. 163 - 165
- ^ Nettl, Folk and Traditional Music, pg. 87; Kochan, Alexs and Julian Kytasty, "The Bandura Played On" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 308 - 312
- ^ Ritchie, pgs. 4, 44 - 46, 71; Nettl, Folk and Traditional Music, pgs. 53 - 75; Price, William, "Harps, Bards and the Gwerin" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 313 - 319; ; Sawyer, pgs. 5, 13 - 14, 38 - 39
