List of Guano Island claims

The United States claimed a number of islands as insular areas under the Guano Islands Act of 1856. Only the eight administered as the US Minor Islands and one each annexed by American Samoa and Hawaii remain as possessions of the United States. Any other unresolved claims if they exist are dormant, and have not been contested by the United States in many years with the exception of Navassa.

Table

Island	Region	AKA	Coordinates	Current Status	Resolution
Alto Velo Island	Caribbean	Isla Alto Velo	17°28′42″N 71°38′05″W	Dominican Republic	see Alto Velo Claim, U.S. claim dormant
Atafu	Oceania	Duke of York Group	8°33′06″S 172°30′03″W	Tokelau	Treaty of Tokehega
Bajo Nuevo Bank	Caribbean	Petrel Islands	15°53′N 78°38′W	Disputed	U.S. claim remains in place as an unincorporated territory. Also claimed by Colombia, Jamaica, and Nicaragua.
Baker Island	Oceania	New Nantucket	0°11′41″N 176°28′46″W	US Minor Islands	Unincorporated
Birnie Island	Oceania		03°35′S 171°33′W	Kiribati	Treaty of Tarawa
Butaritari	Oceania	Makin Atoll, Touching Island	3°10′04″N 172°49′33″E	Kiribati	Treaty of Tarawa
Caroline Island	Oceania	Millennium Island	9°56′13.13″S 150°12′41.40″W	Kiribati	Treaty of Tarawa
Carondelet Reef	Oceania		05°34′S 173°51′W	Kiribati	Treaty of Tarawa
Clipperton Island	Pacific Ocean	Passion Island	10°18′N 109°13′W	France	Victor Emmanuel III of Italy arbitrated
Ducie Island	Oceania		24°40′09″S 124°47′11″W	British Territory	Administered by Pitcairn Islands. U.S. claim dormant.
Enderbury Island	Oceania	Guano Island	3°08′S 171°05′W	Kiribati	Treaty of Tarawa
Fakaofo	Oceania	Bowditch Island	9°21′55″S 171°12′54″W	Tokelau	Treaty of Tokehega
Flint Island	Oceania		11°25′48″S 151°49′9″W	Kiribati	Treaty of Tarawa
Fox Island	Atlantic Ocean		47°06′18″N 65°00′00″W	Canada	U.S. claim dormant
French Frigate Shoals	Oceania	Kānemiloha'i	23°44′56″N 166°8′46″W	Hawaii	Claim dormant, obtained by US in Annexation of Hawaii
Funafuti	Oceania		8°31′S 179°13′E	Tuvalu	Tuvalu-US Treaty of 1983
Howland Island	Oceania	Worth Island	0°48′07″N 176°38′3″W	US Minor Islands	Unincorporated
Iles du Connétable	Atlantic Ocean	Constable Islands	4°49′25″N 51°56′11″W	France	Administered by French Guiana, U.S. claim rescinded
Jarvis Island	Oceania	Bunker Island	0°22′S 160°01′W	US Minor Islands	Unincorporated
Johnston Atoll	Oceania		16°44′13″N 169°31′26″W	US Minor Islands	Unincorporated
Kanton Island	Oceania	Canton Island	2°50′S 171°40′W	Kiribati	Treaty of Tarawa
Kingman Reef	Oceania	Danger Rock	6°24′N 162°24′W	US Minor Islands	Unincorporated
Kiritimati	Oceania	Christmas Island	1°52′N 157°24′W	Kiribati	Treaty of Tarawa
Makin (islands)	Oceania	Little Makin	3°23′00″N 173°00′00″E	Kiribati	Treaty of Tarawa
Malden Island	Oceania	Independence Island	4°1′S 154°56′W	Kiribati	Treaty of Tarawa
Manihiki	Oceania	Island of Pearls	10°24′S 161°00′W	Cook Islands	Cook Islands–United States Maritime Boundary Treaty
Manra Island	Oceania	Sydney Island	4°27′S 171°16′W	Kiribati	Treaty of Tarawa
McKean Island	Oceania	Wigram Island	3°35′S 174°02′W	Kiribati	Treaty of Tarawa
Midway Atoll	Oceania	Middlebrook Islands	28°12′N 177°21′W	US Minor Islands	Unincorporated
Minami Torishima	Oceania	Marcus Island	24°18′N 153°58′E	Japan	Treaty of San Francisco gave to US; returned to Japan in 1968.
Navassa Island	Caribbean	Navaza	18°24′10″N 75°0′45″W	US Minor Islands	Claimed by Haiti, Unincorporated
Nikumaroro	Oceania	Gardner Island	4°40′S 174°31′W	Kiribati	Treaty of Tarawa
Niulakita	Oceania	Sophia Island	10°45′S 179°30′E	Tuvalu	Tuvalu-US Treaty of 1983
Nukufetau	Oceania		8°00′S 178°30′E	Tuvalu	Tuvalu-US Treaty of 1983
Nukulaelae	Oceania		9°22′52″S 179°51′08″E	Tuvalu	Tuvalu-US Treaty of 1983
Nukunonu	Oceania	Bowditch Island	9°10′06″S 171°48′35″W	Tokelau	Treaty of Tokehega
Orona	Oceania	Hull Island	4°30′S 172°10′W	Kiribati	Treaty of Tarawa
Palmyra Atoll	Oceania		5°53′N 162°5′W	US Minor Islands	Incorporated
Penrhyn Island	Oceania	Tongareva	9°00′20″S 157°58′10″W	Cook Islands	Cook Islands–United States Maritime Boundary Treaty
Pukapuka	Oceania	San Bernardo Island	10°53′S 165°40′W	Cook Islands	Cook Islands–United States Maritime Boundary Treaty
Quita Sueño Bank	Caribbean	Quitasueño	14°19′N 81°10′W	Colombia	Vasquez-Saccio Treaty of 1981
Rakahanga	Oceania	Grand Duke Alexander Island	10°02′S 161°05′W	Cook Islands	Cook Islands–United States Maritime Boundary Treaty
Rawaki Island	Oceania	Phoenix Island	3°42′40″S 170°42′43″W	Kiribati	Treaty of Tarawa
Roncador Bank	Caribbean		13°34′N 80°05′W	Colombia	Vasquez-Saccio Treaty of 1981
Rosalind Bank	Caribbean	Rosa Linda Bank	16°26′N 80°31′W	Colombia	Colombia-US Treaty of 1981
Serrana Bank	Caribbean		14°20′N 80°20′W	Colombia	Vasquez-Saccio Treaty of 1981
Serranilla Bank	Caribbean		15°50′N 79°50′W	Colombia	U.S. claim may remain in place as the Vasquez-Saccio Treaty of 1981 is silent on the matter. Colombia and Jamaica agreed to a condominium but Nicaragua also lays a claim.
Starbuck Island	Oceania	Volunteer Island	5°37′S 155°56′W	Kiribati	Treaty of Tarawa
Swains Island	Oceania		11°03′20″S 171°04′40″W	American Samoa	Treaty of Tokehega
Swan Islands	Caribbean	Islas Santanilla	17°24′38″N 83°55′19″W	Honduras	Honduras-US Treaty of 1972
Tabuaeran	Oceania	Fanning Island	3°51′36″N 159°21′52″W	Kiribati	Treaty of Tarawa
Teraina	Oceania	Washington Island	4°41′00″N 160°22′40″W	Kiribati	Treaty of Tarawa
Triángulo Oeste	Gulf of Mexico	West Triangle	20°57′N 92°14′W	Mexico	Claim abandoned 1895
Vostok Island	Oceania	Staver Island	10°06′S 152°23′W	Kiribati	Treaty of Tarawa
Winslow Reef	Oceania		01°36′S 174°57′W	Kiribati	Treaty of Tarawa

Images

• 

  Guano tramway on Jarvis Island

• 

  Hermit crabs on Baker Island

• 

  Navassa Island Lighthouse

Further reading

• http://books.google.com/books?id=AiorAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA16&dq=Triangle+islands+guano&lr=#v=onepage&q=&f=false
• http://books.google.com/books?id=fTMaAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA574&dq=Fox+Island+guano&lr=#v=onepage&q=ducie&f=false

See also

• Guano
• Insular area
• Territories of the United States
• Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument