From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
- This is a list of famous Jewish American politicians, arranged chronologically. For other famous Jewish Americans, see List of Jewish Americans.
[edit] Cabinet members and senior administration officials
- Judah Benjamin, Confederate States of America: Attorney General (1861), Secretary of War (1861), Secretary of State (1862–65)
- Oscar Straus, Secretary of Commerce and Labor (1906–09)
- Henry Morgenthau, Jr., Secretary of the Treasury (1934–45)
- Arthur J. Goldberg, Secretary of Labor (1961-1962)
- Abraham A. Ribicoff, Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare (1961-62)
- Walter W. Rostow, National Security Advisor (1966-69)
- Wilbur J. Cohen, Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare (1968-69)
- James Schlesinger, CIA Director (1973), Secretary of Defense (1973–75) (convert to Lutheranism)
- Henry Kissinger, National Security Advisor (1969–75); Secretary of State (1973–77)
- Ron Nessen, White House Press Secretary (1974-77)
- Edward Levi, Attorney General (1975–1977)
- W. Michael Blumenthal, Secretary of the Treasury (1977–79)
- Harold Brown, Secretary of Defense (1977–81)
- Neil Goldschmidt, Secretary of Transportation (1979–1981)
- Philip Morris Klutznick, Secretary of Commerce (1980–1981)
- Caspar Weinberger, Secretary of Defense (1981-87) (Episcopalian; paternal descendant of Czech Jews)
- Richard Perle, U.S. Assistant Secretary of Defense (1981-1987),
- Kenneth Duberstein, White House Chief of Staff (1988–1989)
- Richard Darman[citation needed], Director of the Office of Management and Budget (1989-93) (convert to Episcopalianism)
- Robert Reich, Secretary of Labor (1993–97)
- Alice M. Rivlin[citation needed], Director of Office of Management and Budget (1994-96)
- John M. Deutch, Belgian-born CIA director (1995–96)
- Robert Rubin, Secretary of the Treasury (1995–99)
- Dan Glickman, Secretary of Agriculture (1995–2001)
- Mickey Kantor, Secretary of Commerce (1996-97)
- Madeleine Albright, Secretary of State (1997–01) (raised Catholic by adoptive parents)
- William S. Cohen, Secretary of Defense (1997-01) (Jewish father; lists self as Unitarian Universalist)
- Sandy Berger, National Security Advisor (1997–01)
- Larry Summers, Secretary of the Treasury (1999–01)
- Jacob Lew, Director of Office of Management and Budget (1999–2001)
- Leon Fuerth, National Security Advisor to Vice President Al Gore (1993–2001)
- Ari Fleischer, White House Press Secretary (2001–03)
- Elliott Abrams, Special Assistant to the President (2001-2005), Deputy National Security Advisor for Global Democracy Strategy (2005-2008)
- Paul Dundes Wolfowitz, U.S. Deputy Secretary of Defense (2001-2005)
- Douglas J. Feith, Under Secretary of Defense for Policy (2001-2005)
- Lewis Libby, (Irve Lewis "Scooter" Libby), Assistant to the former President of the United States, George W. Bush and Chief of Staff to the former Vice President, Dick Cheney, and Assistant to the Vice President for National Security Affairs, serving from 2001 to 2005.
- Victoria Nuland, U.S. Permanent Representative to NATO (2005-2008)
- Michael Chertoff, Secretary for Homeland Security (2005–2009)
- Joshua Bolten, Director of Office of Management and Budget (2003-06); White House Chief of Staff (2006–2009)
- Michael Mukasey, Attorney General (2007-2009)
- Rahm Emanuel White House Chief of Staff (2009-)
- Peter Orszag Director of Office of Management and Budget (2009-)
[edit] Current Senators
[edit] Former Senators
- David Levy Yulee, senator (D-FL: 1845–51, 1855–61)
- Judah Benjamin, senator (Whig-LA: 1853–61)
- Benjamin F. Jonas, senator (D-LA: 1879–85)
- Joseph Simon, senator (R-OR: 1898–03)
- Isidor Rayner, senator (D-MD: 1905–12)
- Simon Guggenheim, senator (R-CO: 1907–13)
- Herbert Lehman, senator (D-NY: 1949–57)
- Barry M. Goldwater, senator (R-AZ: 1953–1965, 1969–1987), raised as an Episcopalian
- Richard L. Neuberger, senator (D-OR: 1955–60)
- Jacob Javits, senator (R-NY: 1957–81)
- Ernest Gruening, senator (D-AK: 1959–69)
- Abraham Ribicoff, senator (D-CT: 1963–81)
- Pierre Salinger, senator (D-CA: 1964) (Catholic mother)
- Howard Metzenbaum, senator (D-OH: 1974, 1976–95)
- Richard B. Stone, senator (D-FL: 1975–80)
- Edward Zorinsky, senator (D-NE: 1976–87)
- Rudy Boschwitz, senator (R-MN: 1978–91)
- William Cohen, senator (R-ME: 1979–97) (Jewish father; Irish-Protestant mother)
- Warren Rudman, senator (R-NH: 1980–93)
- Jacob Hecht, senator (R-NV: 1983–89)
- Paul Wellstone, senator (D-MN: 1991–02)
- George Allen, senator (R-VA: 2001–2007) (Allen's mother is Jewish, he was raised as a Presbyterian)[4]
- Norm Coleman, senator (R-MN: 2003-2009)
[edit] Current Representatives
Map showing U.S. House districts represented by Jews
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This article is incomplete and may require expansion or cleanup. Please help to improve the article, or discuss the issue on the talk page. |
[edit] Former Representatives
Prominent representatives only — for a full list see jewishvirtuallibrary.org.
(Chronologically)
- Francis Salvador, first Jewish member of a colonial legislature.
- Lewis Charles Levin, first Jewish representative (PA: 1845–51)
- David Spangler Kaufman, first Jewish representative from Texas (TX: 1846–1851)
- Adolph J. Sabath, (D-IL, 1907–1952)
- Victor L. Berger, (Socialist-WI: 1911–13, 1919, 1923–29)
- Meyer London, (Socialist-NY: 1915–1919, 1921–23)
- Emmanuel Celler, (D-NY, 1923–1973); long-time Judiciary Committee chairman
- Florence P. Kahn, (R-CA, 1925–37); first Jewish woman representative
- Jacob K. Javits, (R-NY, 1947–54)
- Abraham A. Ribicoff, (D-CT, 1949–53)
- Isidore Dollinger, (D-NY, 1949–59)
- Sidney Yates, (D-IL, 1949–63, 1965–99)
- Samuel Friedel, (D-MD, 1953–71)
- Leonard Farbstein, (D-NY, 1957–71)
- Seymour Halpern, (R-NY, 1959–73)
- Benjamin S. Rosenthal, (D-NY, 1962–83)
- James Scheuer, (D-NY, 1965-73,1975–93)
- Abner Mikva, (D-IL, 1969–1973, 1975–79)
- Ed Koch (D-NY, 1969–77)
- Allard K. Lowenstein, (D-NY, 1969–71); civil rights activist
- Bella Abzug, (D-NY, 1971–77); feminist leader and gay rights activist
- Benjamin Gilman, (R-NY, 1973–2003)
- Elizabeth Holtzman, (D-NY, 1973–81)
- Elliot Levitas, (D-GA, 1975–85)
- Sala Burton, (D-CA, 1983–87
- Theodore Weiss, (D-NY, 1977–92)
- Dan Glickman, (D-KS, 1977–95)
- Eric Fingerhut, (D-OH, 1993–95)
- Martin Frost, (D-TX, 1979–2005); former chairman of the House Democratic Caucus and the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee
- Ron Wyden, (D-ORE, 1981-96)
- Charles Schumer, (D-NY, 1981–1999)
- Tom Lantos, (D-CAL, 1981–2008); the only Holocaust survivor to ever serve in Congress
- Bobbi Fiedler, (R-CA, 1981–87) leader of anti-busing movement in the San Fernando Valley, defeated long-time incumbent Congressman James C. Corman in the 1980 elections
- Sam Gejdenson, (D-CT: 1981–2001)
- Barbara Boxer, (D-CA, 1983–92)
- Benjamin Erdreich, (D-AL, 1983–1993)
- Bernie Sanders, (Independent-VT, 1991–2007)[39]
- Peter Deutsch (D-FL: 1993–2005)
- Ben Cardin (D-MD: 1987–2007)[40]
- Rahm Emanuel(D-IL: 2003–2009)[41]
[edit] Ambassadors
- Henry Morgenthau Sr., ambassador to Ottoman Empire (1913–16)
- Henry Grunwald, ambassador to Austria (1988–1990)
- Martin Indyk, ambassador to Israel (1995–97, 2000–01)
- Dennis Ross, Middle East envoy
- Randal Jilek, ambassador to Ethiopia (1988-1991)
- Matthew Takash, ambassador to Pakistan (1987-1990)
- Don Bandler, ambassador to Cyprus ()
- Robert Schwarz Strauss, ambassador to the Soviet Union during the presidency of George H. W. Bush
- Martin J. Silverstein, ambassador to Uruguay (2001–2005)
- Sam Fox, ambassador to Belgium (2007-)
- Daniel C. Kurtzer, ambassador to Israel and formerly ambassador to Egypt
- Ronald S.Lauder, ambassador to Austria (1986-87)
- Leonard S. Unger, ambassador to Laos (1962-1964); ambassador to Thailand (1967); ambassador to Taiwan (1974-1979)
- David Hermelin, ambassador to Norway (1998-2000)
[edit] Governors
- David Emanuel, governor of Georgia (D/R-GA: 1801-1801)
- Edward Salomon, governor of Wisconsin (R-WI: 1862–64)
- Edward S. Salomon, governor of the Washington Territory (R-WA: 1870–72)
- Franklin Israel Moses, Jr., governor of South Carolina (R-SC: 1872–74) (raised Episcopalian)
- Washington Bartlett, governor of California (D-CA: 1887–1887)
- Moses Alexander, governor of Idaho (D-ID: 1915-1919), first elected practicing Jew to serve as a state governor
- Simon Bamberger, governor of Utah (D-UT: 1917–21)
- Arthur Seligman, governor of New Mexico (D-NM: 1931–33)
- Julius L. Meier, governor of Oregon (Ind-OR: 1931–35)
- Henry Horner, governor of Illinois (D-IL: 1933–40)
- Herbert H. Lehman, governor of New York (D-NY: 1933–42)
- Ernest Gruening, territorial governor of Alaska (D-AK: 1939–53)
- Abraham Ribicoff, governor of Connecticut (D-CT: 1955–61)
- Samuel H. Shapiro, governor of Illinois (D-IL: 1968–69)
- Frank Licht, governor of Rhode Island (D-RI: 1969–73)
- Marvin Mandel, governor of Maryland (D-MD: 1969–77)
- Milton Shapp, governor of Pennsylvania (D-PA: 1971–79)
- Madeleine M. Kunin, governor of Vermont (D-VT: 1985–91)
- Neil Goldschmidt, governor of Oregon (D-OR: 1987–91)
- Bruce Sundlun, governor of Rhode Island (D-RI: 1991–95)
- George Allen, governor of Virginia (R-VA 1994–98) (Allen's mother is Jewish, he was raised as a Presbyterian)
- Linda Lingle, governor of Hawaii (R-HI: 2002–present)
- Ed Rendell, governor of Pennsylvania (D-PA: 2003–present)
- Eliot Spitzer, governor of New York (D-NY: 2007–2008)
- Jack A. Markell, governor of Delaware (D-DE: 2009–present)
[edit] Mayors
- Beverly Hills, California: Jimmy Delshad (2007–present)
- Cincinnati: Bill Gradison (1971), Jerry Springer[42] (1977–78)
- Dallas, Texas: Laura Miller (2002–07), Annette Strauss (1987–1991)
- Indianapolis: Stephen Goldsmith (1992–99)
- Iowa City: Moses Bloom (1873, First Jewish Mayor of a Major city)
- Kansas City, Missouri: Richard L. Berkley (1979–91))
- Las Vegas: Oscar Goodman (1999–present)
- Louisville: Jerry Abramson (1985–98, 2002–present)
- New York: Fiorello LaGuardia (1934–45; Episcopalian; Jewish mother)
- New York: Abe Beame (1974–77)
- New York: Ed Koch (1978–89)
- New York: Michael Bloomberg (2002–present)
- Philadelphia: Edward Rendell (1992–2000)
- Pittsburgh: Sophie Masloff (1988–1993)
- Portland, Maine: James Cohen (2005–06)
- Portland, Oregon: Vera Katz (1992–2004)
- Providence: David Cicilline (2003–present)
- Saint Paul, Minnesota: Norm Coleman (1994–2002)
- San Diego: Susan Golding (1992–2000)
- San Francisco: Washington Bartlett (1883–1887)
- San Francisco: Adolph Sutro (1894–1896)
- San Francisco: Dianne Feinstein (1978–88)[43]
- Seattle: Bailey Gatzert (1875–76)
- Worcester, Massachusetts: Israel Katz (1974–75)
- Worcester, Massachusetts: Jordan Levy (1980–81, 1988–93)
[edit] Economists
See also List of Jewish American economists
- Bernard Baruch, economic adviser to many U.S. presidents, statesman, stock market speculator
- Ben Bernanke, chairman of the Federal Reserve (2006–present)
- Milton Friedman, Nobel Prize-winning economist
- Alan Greenspan, chairman of the Federal Reserve (1987–2006)
- Eugene Meyer, chairman of the Federal Reserve (1930–1933), president of the World Bank (1946)
- Haym Solomon, financier during the American Revolution
- Joseph E. Stiglitz, 2001 Nobel Prize winner and Chief Economist of the World Bank (1997–2000)
- James Wolfensohn, president of the World Bank (1995–2005)
- Paul Wolfowitz, president of the World Bank (2005–2007)
- Paul Krugman, Nobel Prize-winning economist
- Jay Dardenne, Louisiana secretary of state since 2006
- Franklin J. Moses, Sr., politician, judge, and attorney important in the history of 19th Century South Carolina
- Bernard Stone, alderman of the 50th Ward in Chicago, Illinois
- Kinky Friedman, 2006 Texas Independent gubernatorial candidate
- Jason Bedrick, first Orthodox elected official in New Hampshire
- Harvey Milk, first openly gay man to be elected to public office in California, as a member of the San Francisco Board of Supervisors.
- Rosalind Wyman, first Jewish woman elected to Los Angeles City Council.
- Jan Perry, Los Angeles City Councilwoman (D-9th District)
- Harold Dobbs,San Francisco Board of Supervisors
- Roger Boas, San Francisco Board of Supervisors
- Robert Mendelsohn, San Francisco Board of Supervisors
- Milton Marks, Assemblyman and State Senator From San Francisco
[edit] Footnotes
- ^ Farrell, Rita K. (2009-01-29). "A Senator Takes Office, Departure Already in Sight". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/30/us/politics/30delaware.html?ref=us. Retrieved on 2009-01-30.
- ^ http://blogs.jta.org/politics/article/2009/05/28/1005498/in-the-senate-still-13-tribesmen
- ^ Mitchell, Nancy (2009-01-24). "Bennet's tale steeped in family roots". Rocky Mountain News. http://www.rockymountainnews.com/news/2009/jan/24/american-tale/. Retrieved on 2009-01-30.
- ^ "New 'N Word' Woe For George Allen". CBS News. 2006-09-26. http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2006/09/26/politics/main2039589.shtml. Retrieved on 2007-08-30.
- ^ Tom Tugend (2001-01-26). "Undefeated Champion Rep. Henry Waxman wants to help Democrats". The Jewish Journal. http://www.waxman.house.gov/news_files/news_profiles_defeated_champion_1_26_01.htm. Retrieved on 2006-11-10.
- ^ Charles P. Pierce (2005-10-02). "To Be Frank Twenty-five years after he went to Washington, and 15 years after he survived a sex scandal that it's hard to imagine any politician surviving today, this once-rumpled, still-gay congressman from Bayonne, New Jersey, is one of the most formidable and influential members of the House. Barney Frank's powerhouse role on Capitol Hill is a triumph both public and private.". The Boston Globe. http://www.boston.com/news/globe/magazine/articles/2005/10/02/to_be_frank/. Retrieved on 2006-11-10.
- ^ Gary Ackerman (2006-10-06). "Few Jewish Republicans seeking office: no surprise (letter to the editor)". http://www.hillnews.com/thehill/export/TheHill/Comment/LetterstotheEditor/100406.html. Retrieved on 2006-11-10.
- ^ Ron Kampeas (2006-10-06). "Dems lash out at RJC Israel ads". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. http://www.jewishaz.com/issues/story.mv?061006+ads. Retrieved on 2006-11-12.
- ^ "Elections 2006 AP Coverage". Associated Press. 2006-11-09. http://hosted.ap.org/dynamic/external/pre-election/bios/802.html?SITE=OKTULELN&SECTION=POLITICS&TEMPLATE=DEFAULT. Retrieved on 2006-11-10.
- ^ Kandea Mosley (2000-09-12). "A Rumble in the Bronx Feuding Politicos Pull No Punches in Congressional Race". The Village Voice. http://www.villagevoice.com/news/0036,mosley,17910,5.html. Retrieved on 2006-11-10.
- ^ Jennifer Jacobson (2006-10-23). "Jewish women on rise in Congress". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. http://www.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1159193502323&pagename=JPost%2FJPArticle%2FShowFull. Retrieved on 2006-11-10.
- ^ Ori Nir (2004-10-14). "Miami Pol Closes In on Key Foreign Policy Post: Cuban-American Has a Family Tree With Jewish Roots". The Jewish Daily Forward. http://www.forward.com/articles/2056/. Retrieved on 2005-10-14.
- ^ Peter Savodnik (2006-05-16). "A Party Divided? Jewish and Latino Democrats have long stood on common ground. But tensions are starting to show between old-line liberals and conservative newcomers.". Los Angeles Times. http://www.latimes.com/features/printedition/magazine/la-tm-vargas20may14,1,1338691.story?page=1&coll=la-headlines-magazine. Retrieved on 2006-10-11.
- ^ Jennifer Siegel (2006-06-02). "Democratic Fight Looms Over House Intel Post". The Forward. http://www.forward.com/articles/democratic-fight-looms-over-house-intel-post/. Retrieved on 2006-11-10.
- ^ "Jerrold Nadler (D-NY-8)". CNN. http://www.cnn.com/ALLPOLITICS/CA/bios/H/411.html. Retrieved on 2006-11-10.
- ^ Matthew Dorf (1998-10-30). "Jewish representation in House may see decline". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. http://www.jewishsf.com/content/2-0-/module/displaystory/story_id/9797/edition_id/188/format/html/displaystory.html. Retrieved on 2006-11-12.
- ^ Larry Luxner (2006-11-01). "US midterm elections: Jews key in South Florida vote". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. http://www.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1162378305377&pagename=JPost%2FJPArticle%2FPrinter. Retrieved on 2006-11-10.
- ^ Steve Friess (2004-04-05). "Jewish settlers find Las Vegas to be a good bet Their numbers have doubled in the past decade". San Francisco Chronicle. http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/c/a/2004/04/05/MNGM560JMC1.DTL. Retrieved on 2006-11-10.
- ^ Todd Winer (1998-03-13). "3 Jewish Democrats vying in Illinois Congress race". Chicago Jewish News. http://www.jewishsf.com/content/2-0-/module/displaystory/story_id/8248/edition_id/156/format/html/displaystory.html. Retrieved on 2006-11-10.
- ^ Sharon Samber (2002-11-08). "Jewish minyan grows in Senate; Jew elected to House". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. http://www.jewishsf.com/content/2-0-/module/displaystory/story_id/19231/edition_id/389/format/html/displaystory.html. Retrieved on 2006-11-10.
- ^ Burnett, James (2001-12-03). "Life of the Party". New York. http://newyorkmetro.com/nymetro/news/politics/newyork/features/5449/. Retrieved on 2006-11-09.
- ^ "Diana Cantor: Helping Families Finance College". Jewish Woman (Washington, D.C.: Jewish Women International). Fall 2003. Archived from the original on 2003-09-11. http://web.archive.org/web/20030911111324/http://www.jwmag.org/articles/08Fall03/p15c.asp. Retrieved on 2008-12-14.
- ^ Stuart Rothenberg (2000-11-02). "Top House races of 2000". CNN. http://www.cnn.com/ELECTION/2000/resources/rothenberg/tophouseraces.html. Retrieved on 2006-11-09.
- ^ a b Sharon Samber (2000-11-10). "New faces offset losses as Jews gain seats in Congress". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. http://www.jewishsf.com/content/2-0-/module/displaystory/story_id/14884/edition_id/289/format/html/displaystory.html. Retrieved on 2006-11-09.
- ^ Matthew E. Berger (2004-11-03). "Congress Bids Goodbye to Frost, Welcomes Two New Jewish Women". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. http://www.ujc.org/content_display.html?ArticleID=130148. Retrieved on 2006-11-10.
- ^ "Elections 2006 AP Coverage: Debbie Wasserman Schultz (Dem)". Associated Press. 2006-11-09. http://hosted.ap.org/dynamic/external/pre-election/bios/11357.html?SITE=OKTULELN&SECTION=POLITICS&TEMPLATE=DEFAULT. Retrieved on 2006-11-10.
- ^ a b Woody Baird (2006-11-07). "Congressional incumbents re-elected, Cohen takes lead in Memphis". Associated Press. http://www.wkrn.com/nashville/news/ap-congressional-incumbents-reelected-cohen-takes-lead-in-memphis/58131.htm. Retrieved on 2006-11-09.
- ^ Jennifer Siegel (2006-09-22). "A Tribe of Candidates Leads Drive To Retake House for Democrats". The Forward. http://www.forward.com/articles/a-tribe-of-candidates-leads-drive-to-retake-house/. Retrieved on 2006-11-09.
- ^ Anne Saunders, Associated Press (2006-11-08). "Democrat Paul Hodes heads to Congress to stand up and speak out". Boston Globe. http://www.boston.com/news/local/new_hampshire/articles/2006/11/08/democrat_paul_hodes_heads_to_congress_to_stand_up_and_speak_out/. Retrieved on 2006-11-09.
- ^ "Jews take root in Capitol Hill". Ynetnews. 2006-11-09. http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3326053,00.html. Retrieved on 2006-11-09.
- ^ Larry Luxner (2006-11-08). "Riding Jewish support and opposition to war, Klein takes close Florida race". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. http://www.jta.org/page_view_story.asp?intarticleid=17257&intcategoryid=3. Retrieved on 2006-11-09.
- ^ Shmuel Rosner (2006-11-05). "Louisville's Jews vote Democratic — but not because the candidate's Jewish". http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/pages/rosnerBlog.jhtml?ItemNo=784014&contrassID=25&subContrassID=0&sbSubContrassID=1&listSrc=Y&art=4#article784014. Retrieved on 2006-11-09.
- ^ Ron Kampeas (2008-05-28). "In the Senate, still 13 tribesmen-UPDATE". http://blogs.jta.org/politics/article/2009/05/28/1005498/in-the-senate-still-13-tribesmen. Retrieved on 2008-05-29.
- ^ http://voterguide.politicswest.com/race-detail.do?id=157734970
- ^ http://blogs.jta.org/politics/article/2009/05/28/1005498/in-the-senate-still-13-tribesmen
- ^ Jill Zimon (2008-06-18). "Number of Jews in Congress Could Set Record After 2008 Elections". The Moderate Voice. http://themoderatevoice.com/religion/judaism/jews/20482/number-of-jews-in-congress-could-set-record-after-2008-elections. Retrieved on 2008-11-05.
- ^ "Grayson upsets incumbent in Florida". The Jewish Telegraph Agency. 2008-11-05. http://jta.org/news/article/2008/11/06/1000821/grayson-upsets-incumbent-in-florida. Retrieved on 2008-11-07.
- ^ "Grayson upsets incumbent in Florida". The Jewish Telegraph Agency. 2008-11-05. http://jta.org/news/article/2008/11/06/1000821/grayson-upsets-incumbent-in-florida. Retrieved on 2008-11-07.
- ^ Sanders — [1] "Two Jews won their bids to become the Democratic candidates for the U.S. Senate — Ben Cardin in Maryland and Bernie Sanders in Vermont."
- ^ Cardin — [2] "Two Jews won their bids to become the Democratic candidates for the U.S. Senate — Ben Cardin in Maryland and Bernie Sanders in Vermont."
- ^ Steve Hendrix (2006-08-22). "Fighting for the Spoils Lawmaker and Rainmaker Rahm Emanuel Wants a Nov. 7 Victory for the Democrats So Bad He Can Almost Taste It. If Only He Had Time to Eat.". Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/10/21/AR2006102101049.html. Retrieved on 2006-11-09.
- ^ Springer — [3] "The Jewish talk-show host..."
- ^ Chang, Richard (2006-11-20). "Slain journalist's father brings message of peace". OC Register. http://www.ocregister.com/ocregister/homepage/abox/article_1359691.php. Retrieved on 2006-11-20.
[edit] External links