List of Justices of the Supreme Court of the United States

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This is a list of past and present justices of the Supreme Court of the United States. Both Associate Justices and Chief Justices are nominated by the President of the United States and confirmed by the United States Senate.

Contents

[edit] List of Justices

The following table lists the terms of all of the Supreme Court since 1779 placed in the order in which the justices took the judicial oath of office and thereby began their term of office. Two Justices, Robert H. Harrison and Edwin Stanton, were appointed to the court but never served and therefore are not listed. Robert H. Harrison was one of the original justices appointed to the court by George Washington, but declined to serve. Edwin Stanton was appointed by Ulysses S. Grant, but died before taking office, taking the oath on his death bed.

  • The names of Justices who are active are in bold.
  • Justices who received a recess appointment to the Supreme Court have an asterisk(*) following their name. All but one of these recess appointments went on to be confirmed by the Senate during the following session of Congress.
  • John Rutledge and Charles Evans Hughes each resigned from the Supreme Court and were later reappointed as Chief Justice. Thus, they are listed twice below, once for each term on the Supreme Court.
# Judge State Born/Died Active service Term as Chief Justice Retirement Appointed by Reason for
termination
1 Wilson, JamesJames Wilson PA 17420914September 14, 1742–
August 21, 1798
17891005October 5, 1789–
August 21, 1798
(none) (N/A) Washington death
2 Jay, JohnJohn Jay NY 17451212December 12, 1745–
May 17, 1829
17890926September 26, 1789–
June 29, 1795
17890926September 26, 1789–
June 29, 1795
(N/A) Washington resignation
3 Cushing, WilliamWilliam Cushing MA 17320301March 1, 1732–
September 13, 1810
17900202February 2, 1790–
September 13, 1810
(none) (N/A) Washington death
4 Blair, JohnJohn Blair, Jr. VA 17320000<1732–
August 31, 1800
17900202February 2, 1790–
October 25, 1795
(none) (N/A) Washington resignation
5 Rutledge, JohnJohn Rutledge SC 17390918September 18, 1739–
June 21, 1800
17900215February 15, 1790–
March 5, 1791
(none) (N/A) Washington resignation
6 Iredell, JamesJames Iredell NC 17511005October 5, 1751–
October 20, 1799
17900512May 12, 1790–
October 20, 1799
(none) (N/A) Washington death
7 Johnson, ThomasThomas Johnson * MD 17321104November 4, 1732–
October 26, 1819
17920806August 6, 1792–
January 16, 1793
(none) (N/A) Washington resignation
8 Paterson, WilliamWilliam Paterson NJ 17451224December 24, 1745–
September 9, 1806
17930311March 11, 1793–
September 9, 1806
(none) (N/A) Washington death
5 Rutledge, JohnJohn Rutledge * SC 17390918September 18, 1739–
June 21, 1800
17951228July 1, 1795–
December 28, 1795
17951228July 1, 1795–
December 28, 1795
(N/A) Washington rejection of recess
appointment by Senate
9 Chase, SamuelSamuel Chase MD 17410417April 17, 1741–
June 19, 1811
17960204February 4, 1796–
June 19, 1811
(none) (N/A) Washington death
10 Ellsworth, OliverOliver Ellsworth CT 17450429April 29, 1745–
November 26, 1807
17960308March 8, 1796–
December 15, 1800
17960308March 8, 1796–
December 15, 1800
(N/A) Washington resignation
11 Washington, BushrodBushrod Washington VA 17620605June 5, 1762–
November 26, 1829
17990204February 4, 1799–
November 26, 1829
(none) (N/A) Adams, J. death
12 Moore, AlfredAlfred Moore NC 17550521May 21, 1755–
October 15, 1810
18000421April 21, 1800–
January 26, 1804
(none) (N/A) Adams, J. resignation
13 Marshall, JohnJohn Marshall VA 17550924September 24, 1755–
July 6, 1835
18010204February 4, 1801–
July 6, 1835
18010204February 4, 1801–
July 6, 1835
(N/A) Adams, J. death
14 Johnson, WilliamWilliam Johnson SC 17711227December 27, 1771–
August 4, 1834
18040507May 7, 1804–
August 4, 1834
(none) (N/A) Jefferson death
15 Livingston, Henry BrockholstHenry Brockholst Livingston NY 17571125November 25, 1757–
March 18, 1823
18070120January 20, 1807–
March 18, 1823
(none) (N/A) Jefferson death
16 Todd, ThomasThomas Todd KY 17650123January 23, 1765–
February 7, 1826
18070504May 4, 1807–
February 7, 1826
(none) (N/A) Jefferson death
17 Duvall, GabrielGabriel Duvall MD 17521206December 6, 1752–
March 6, 1844
18111123November 23, 1811–
January 14, 1835
(none) (N/A) Madison resignation
18 Story, JosephJoseph Story MA 17790918September 18, 1779–
September 10, 1845
18120203February 3, 1812–
September 10, 1845
(none) (N/A) Madison death
19 Thompson, SmithSmith Thompson * NY 17680117January 17, 1768–
December 18, 1843
18230901September 1, 1823–
December 18, 1843
(none) (N/A) Monroe death
20 Trimble, RobertRobert Trimble KY 17761117November 17, 1776–
August 25, 1828
18260616June 16, 1826–
August 25, 1828
(none) (N/A) Adams, J. Q. death
21 McLean, JohnJohn McLean OH 17850311March 11, 1785–
April 4, 1861
18300111January 11, 1830–
April 4, 1861
(none) (N/A) Jackson death
22 Baldwin, HenryHenry Baldwin PA 17800114January 14, 1780–
April 21, 1844
18300118January 18, 1830–
April 21, 1844
(none) (N/A) Jackson death
23 Wayne, James MooreJames Moore Wayne GA 17900000<1790–
July 5, 1867
18350114January 14, 1835–
July 5, 1867
(none) (N/A) Jackson death
24 Taney, Roger B.Roger B. Taney MD 17770317March 17, 1777–
October 12, 1864
18360328March 28, 1836–
October 12, 1864
18360328March 28, 1836–
October 12, 1864
(N/A) Jackson death
25 Barbour, Philip PendletonPhilip Pendleton Barbour VA 17830525May 25, 1783–
February 25, 1841
18360512May 12, 1836–
February 25, 1841
(none) (N/A) Jackson death
26 Catron, JohnJohn Catron TN 17860000<1786–
May 30, 1865
18370501May 1, 1837–
May 30, 1865
(none) (N/A) Jackson death
27 McKinley, JohnJohn McKinley AL 17800501May 1, 1780–
July 19, 1852
18380109January 9, 1838–
July 19, 1852
(none) (N/A) Van Buren death
28 Daniel, Peter VivianPeter Vivian Daniel VA 17840424April 24, 1784–
May 31, 1860
18420110January 10, 1842–
May 31, 1860
(none) (N/A) Van Buren death
29 Nelson, SamuelSamuel Nelson NY 17921110November 10, 1792–
December 13, 1873
18450227February 27, 1845–
November 28, 1872
(none) (N/A) Tyler retirement
30 Woodbury, LeviLevi Woodbury * NH 17891222December 22, 1789–
September 4, 1851
18450923September 23, 1845–
September 4, 1851
(none) (N/A) Polk death
31 Grier, Robert CooperRobert Cooper Grier PA 17940305March 5, 1794–
September 25, 1870
18460810August 10, 1846–
January 31, 1870
(none) (N/A) Polk retirement
32 Curtis, Benjamin RobbinsBenjamin Robbins Curtis * MA 18091104November 4, 1809–
September 15, 1874
18511010October 10, 1851–
September 30, 1857
(none) (N/A) Fillmore resignation
33 Campbell, John ArchibaldJohn Archibald Campbell AL 18110624June 24, 1811–
March 12, 1889
18530411April 11, 1853–
April 30, 1861
(none) (N/A) Pierce resignation
34 Clifford, NathanNathan Clifford ME 18030818August 18, 1803–
July 25, 1881
18580121January 21, 1858–
July 25, 1881
(none) (N/A) Buchanan death
35 Swayne, Noah HaynesNoah Haynes Swayne OH 18041207December 7, 1804–
June 8, 1884
18620127January 27, 1862–
January 24, 1881
(none) (N/A) Lincoln retirement
36 Miller, Samuel FreemanSamuel Freeman Miller IA 18160405April 5, 1816–
October 13, 1890
18620721July 21, 1862–
October 13, 1890
(none) (N/A) Lincoln death
37 Davis, DavidDavid Davis IL 18150309March 9, 1815–
June 26, 1886
18621210December 10, 1862–
March 4, 1877
(none) (N/A) Lincoln resignation
38 Field, Stephen JohnsonStephen Johnson Field CA 18161104November 4, 1816–
April 9, 1899
18630520May 20, 1863–
December 1, 1897
(none) (N/A) Lincoln retirement
39 Chase, Salmon P.Salmon P. Chase OH 18080113January 13, 1808–
May 7, 1873
18641215December 15, 1864–
May 7, 1873
18641215December 15, 1864–
May 7, 1873
(N/A) Lincoln death
40 Strong, WilliamWilliam Strong PA 18080506May 6, 1808–
August 19, 1895
18700314March 14, 1870–
December 14, 1880
(none) (N/A) Grant retirement
41 Bradley, Joseph PhiloJoseph P. Bradley NJ 18130314March 14, 1813–
January 22, 1892
18700323March 23, 1870–
January 22, 1892
(none) (N/A) Grant death
42 Hunt, WardWard Hunt NY 18100614June 14, 1810–
March 24, 1886
18730109January 9, 1873–
January 27, 1882
(none) (N/A) Grant retirement
43 Waite, MorrisonMorrison Waite OH 18161129November 29, 1816–
March 23, 1888
18740304March 4, 1874–
March 23, 1888
18740304March 4, 1874–
March 23, 1888
(N/A) Grant death
44 Harlan, John MarshallJohn Marshall Harlan KY 18330601June 1, 1833–
October 14, 1911
18771210December 10, 1877–
October 14, 1911
(none) (N/A) Hayes death
45 Woods, William BurnhamWilliam Burnham Woods AL 18240803August 3, 1824–
May 14, 1887
18810105January 5, 1881–
May 14, 1887
(none) (N/A) Hayes death
46 Matthews, StanleyStanley Matthews OH 18240721July 21, 1824–
March 22, 1889
18810517May 17, 1881–
March 22, 1889
(none) (N/A) Garfield death
47 Gray, HoraceHorace Gray MA 18280324March 24, 1828–
September 15, 1902
18820109January 9, 1882–
September 15, 1902
(none) (N/A) Arthur death
48 Blatchford, SamuelSamuel Blatchford NY 18200309March 9, 1820–
July 7, 1893
18820403April 3, 1882–
July 7, 1893
(none) (N/A) Arthur death
49 Lamar, Lucius Quintus CincinattusLucius Quintus
Cincinnatus Lamar
MS 18250917September 17, 1825–
January 23, 1893
18880118January 18, 1888–
January 23, 1893
(none) (N/A) Cleveland death
50 Fuller, MelvilleMelville Fuller IL 18330211February 11, 1833–
July 4, 1910
18881008October 8, 1888–
July 4, 1910
18881008October 8, 1888–
July 4, 1910
(N/A) Cleveland death
51 Brewer, David JosiahDavid Josiah Brewer KS 18370620June 20, 1837–
March 28, 1910
18900106January 6, 1890–
March 28, 1910
(none) (N/A) Harrison, B. death
52 Brown, Henry BillingsHenry Billings Brown MI 18360302March 2, 1836–
September 4, 1913
18910105January 5, 1891–
May 28, 1906
(none) (N/A) Harrison, B. retirement
53 Shiras, George Jr.George Shiras, Jr. PA 18320126January 26, 1832–
August 2, 1924
18921010October 10, 1892–
February 23, 1903
(none) (N/A) Harrison, B. retirement
54 Jackson, Howell EdmundsHowell Edmunds Jackson TN 18320408April 8, 1832–
August 8, 1895
18930304March 4, 1893–
August 8, 1895
(none) (N/A) Harrison, B. death
55 White, Edward DouglassEdward Douglass White LA 18451103November 3, 1845–
May 19, 1921
18940312March 12, 1894–
May 19, 1921
19101212December 12, 1910–
May 19, 1921
(N/A) Cleveland (associate)
Taft (chief)[1]
death
56 Peckham, Rufus WheelerRufus Wheeler Peckham NY 18381108November 8, 1838–
October 24, 1909
18960106January 6, 1896–
October 24, 1909
(none) (N/A) Cleveland death
57 McKenna, JosephJoseph McKenna CA 18430810August 10, 1843–
November 21, 1926
18980126January 26, 1898–
January 5, 1925
(none)[2] (N/A) McKinley retirement
58 Holmes, Oliver Wendell Jr.Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. MA 18410308March 8, 1841–
March 6, 1935
19021208December 8, 1902–
January 12, 1932
(none)[3] (N/A) Roosevelt, T. retirement
59 Day, William R.William R. Day OH 18490407April 7, 1849–
July 9, 1923
19030302March 2, 1903–
November 13, 1922
(none) (N/A) Roosevelt, T. retirement
60 Moody, William HenryWilliam Henry Moody MA 18531223December 23, 1853–
July 2, 1917
19061217December 17, 1906–
November 20, 1910
(none) (N/A) Roosevelt, T. retirement[4]
61 Lurton, Horace HarmonHorace Harmon Lurton TN 18440226February 26, 1844–
July 12, 1914
19100103January 3, 1910–
July 12, 1914
(none) (N/A) Taft death
62 Hughes, Charles EvansCharles Evans Hughes NY 18620411April 11, 1862–
August 27, 1948
19101010October 10, 1910–
June 10, 1916
(none) (N/A) Taft resignation
63 Van Devanter, WillisWillis Van Devanter WY 18590417April 17, 1859–
February 8, 1941
19110103January 3, 1911–
June 2, 1937
(none) 19370602June 2, 1937–
February 8, 1941
Taft retirement
64 Lamar, Joseph RuckerJoseph Rucker Lamar GA 18571014October 14, 1857–
January 2, 1916
19110103January 3, 1911–
January 2, 1916
(none) (N/A) Taft death
65 Pitney, MahlonMahlon Pitney NJ 18580205February 5, 1858–
December 9, 1924
19120318March 18, 1912–
December 31, 1922
(none) (N/A) Taft resignation
66 McReynolds, James ClarkJames Clark McReynolds TN 18620203February 3, 1862–
August 24, 1946
19141012October 12, 1914–
January 31, 1941
(none) 19410131January 31, 1941–
August 24, 1946
Wilson retirement[5]
67 Brandeis, Louis DembitzLouis Brandeis MA 18561113November 13, 1856–
October 5, 1941
19160605June 5, 1916–
February 13, 1939
(none) 19390213February 13, 1939–
October 5, 1941
Wilson retirement[5]
68 Clarke, John HessinJohn Hessin Clarke OH 18570918September 18, 1857–
March 22, 1945
19161009October 9, 1916–
September 18, 1922
(none) (N/A) Wilson resignation
69 Taft, William HowardWilliam Howard Taft OH 18570915September 15, 1857–
March 8, 1930
19210711July 11, 1921–
February 3, 1930
19210711July 11, 1921–
February 3, 1930
(N/A) Harding resignation due to illness[6]
70 Sutherland, GeorgeGeorge Sutherland UT 18620325March 25, 1862–
July 18, 1942
19221002October 2, 1922–
January 17, 1938
(none) 19380117January 17, 1938–
July 18, 1942
Harding retirement[5]
71 Butler, PiercePierce Butler MN 18660317March 17, 1866–
November 16, 1939
19230102January 2, 1923–
November 16, 1939
(none) (none) Harding death
72 Sanford, Edward TerryEdward Terry Sanford TN 18650723July 23, 1865–
March 8, 1930
19230219February 19, 1923–
March 8, 1930
(none) (N/A) Harding death
73 Stone, Harlan F.Harlan F. Stone NY 18721011October 11, 1872–
April 22, 1946
19250302March 2, 1925–
April 22, 1946
19410703July 3, 1941–
April 22, 1946[7]
(none) Coolidge (associate)
F. Roosevelt (chief)[1]
death
62 Hughes, Charles EvansCharles Evans Hughes NY 18620411April 11, 1862–
August 27, 1948
19300224February 24, 1930–
June 30, 1941
19300224February 24, 1930–
June 30, 1941
(none) Hoover retirement
74 Roberts, Owen Owen Roberts PA 18750502May 2, 1875–
May 17, 1955
19300602June 2, 1930–
July 31, 1945
(none) (none) Hoover resignation
75 Cardozo, Benjamin N.Benjamin N. Cardozo NY 18700524May 24, 1870–
July 9, 1938
19320314March 14, 1932–
July 9, 1938
(none) (none) Hoover death
76 Black, HugoHugo Black AL 18860227February 27, 1886–
September 25, 1971
19370819August 19, 1937–
September 17, 1971
(none)[8][9] 19710917September 17, 1971–
September 25, 1971
Roosevelt, F. retirement[5]
77 Reed, Stanley FormanStanley Forman Reed KY 18841231December 31, 1884–
April 2, 1980
19380131January 31, 1938–
February 25, 1957
(none) 19570225February 25, 1957–
April 2, 1980
Roosevelt, F. retirement[5]
78 Frankfurter, FelixFelix Frankfurter MA 18821115November 15, 1882–
February 22, 1965
19390130January 30, 1939–
August 28, 1962
(none) 19620828August 28, 1962–
February 22, 1965
Roosevelt, F. retirement[5]
79 Douglas, William O.William O. Douglas CT 18981016October 16, 1898–
January 19, 1980
19390417April 17, 1939–
November 12, 1975
(none) 19751112November 12, 1975–
January 19, 1980
Roosevelt, F. retirement[5]
80 Murphy, FrankFrank Murphy MI 18900413April 13, 1890–
July 19, 1949
19400205February 5, 1940–
July 19, 1949
(none) (none) Roosevelt, F. death
81 Byrnes, James F.James F. Byrnes SC 18790502May 2, 1879–
April 9, 1972
19410708July 8, 1941–
October 3, 1942
(none) (none) Roosevelt, F. resignation
82 Jackson, Robert H.Robert H. Jackson NY 18920213February 13, 1892–
October 9, 1954
19410711July 11, 1941–
October 9, 1954
(none) (none) Roosevelt, F. death
83 Rutledge, Wiley BlountWiley Blount Rutledge IA 18940720July 20, 1894–
September 10, 1949
19430215February 15, 1943–
September 10, 1949
(none) (none) Roosevelt, F. death
84 Burton, Harold HitzHarold Hitz Burton OH 18880622June 22, 1888–
October 28, 1964
19451001October 1, 1945–
October 13, 1958
(none) 19581013October 13, 1958–
October 28, 1964
Truman retirement[5]
85 Vinson, Fred M.Fred M. Vinson KY 18900122January 22, 1890–
September 8, 1953
19460624June 24, 1946–
September 8, 1953
19460624June 24, 1946–
September 8, 1953
(none) Truman death
86 Clark, Tom C.Tom C. Clark TX 18990923September 23, 1899–
June 13, 1977
19490824August 24, 1949–
June 12, 1967
(none) 19670612June 12, 1967–
June 13, 1977
Truman retirement[5]
87 Minton, ShermanSherman Minton IN 18901020October 20, 1890–
April 9, 1965
19491012October 12, 1949–
October 15, 1956
(none) 19561015October 15, 1956–
April 9, 1965
Truman retirement[5]
88 Warren, EarlEarl Warren * CA 18910319March 19, 1891–
July 9, 1974
19531005October 5, 1953–
June 23, 1969
19531005October 5, 1953–
June 23, 1969
19690623June 23, 1969–
July 9, 1974
Eisenhower retirement[5]
89 Harlan, John Marshall IIJohn Marshall Harlan II NY 18990520May 20, 1899–
December 29, 1971
19550328March 28, 1955–
September 23, 1971
(none) 19710923September 23, 1971–
December 29, 1971
Eisenhower retirement[5]
90 Brennan, William J.William J. Brennan, Jr. * NJ 19060425April 25, 1906–
July 24, 1997
19561016October 16, 1956–
July 20, 1990
(none) 19900720July 20, 1990–
July 24, 1997
Eisenhower retirement[5]
91 Whittaker, Charles EvansCharles Evans Whittaker MO 19010222February 22, 1901–
November 26, 1973
19570325March 25, 1957–
March 31, 1962
(none) 19620331March 31, 1962–
September 30, 1965
Eisenhower resignation
92 Stewart, PotterPotter Stewart * OH 19150123January 23, 1915–
December 7, 1985
19581014October 14, 1958–
July 3, 1981
(none) 19810703July 3, 1981–
December 7, 1985
Eisenhower retirement
93 White, ByronByron White CO 19170608June 8, 1917–
April 15, 2002
19620416April 16, 1962–
June 28, 1993
(none) 19930628June 28, 1993–
April 15, 2002
Kennedy retirement[5]
94 Goldberg, ArthurArthur Goldberg IL 19080808August 8, 1908–
January 19, 1990
19621001October 1, 1962–
July 25, 1965
(none) (none) Kennedy resignation
95 Fortas, AbeAbe Fortas TN 19100619June 19, 1910–
April 5, 1982
19651004October 4, 1965–
May 14, 1969
(none) (none) Johnson, L. resignation
96 Marshall, ThurgoodThurgood Marshall NY 19080702July 2, 1908–
January 24, 1993
19671002October 2, 1967–
October 1, 1991
(none) 19911001October 1, 1991–
January 24, 1993
Johnson, L. retirement[5]
97 Burger, Warren E.Warren E. Burger VA 19070917September 17, 1907–
June 25, 1995
19690623June 23, 1969–
September 26, 1986
19690623June 23, 1969–
September 26, 1986
19860926September 26, 1986–
June 25, 1995
Nixon retirement[5]
98 Blackmun, HarryHarry Blackmun MN 19081112November 12, 1908–
March 4, 1999
19700609June 9, 1970–
August 3, 1994
(none) 19940803August 3, 1994–
March 4, 1999
Nixon retirement[5]
99 Powell, Lewis F.Lewis F. Powell, Jr. VA 19070919September 19, 1907–
August 25, 1998
19720107January 7, 1972–
June 26, 1987
(none) 19870626June 26, 1987–
August 25, 1998
Nixon retirement[5]
100 Rehnquist, WilliamWilliam Rehnquist AZ/VA[10] 19241001October 1, 1924–
September 3, 2005
19720107January 7, 1972–
September 3, 2005
19860926September 26, 1986–
September 3, 2005
(none) Nixon (associate)
Reagan (chief)[1]
death
101 Stevens, John PaulJohn Paul Stevens IL 19200420April 20, 1920–
present
19751219December 19, 1975–
present
[11] Ford
102 O'Connor, Sandra DaySandra Day O'Connor AZ 19300326March 26, 1930–
present
19810925September 25, 1981–
January 31, 2006
(none) 20060131January 31, 2006–
present
Reagan retirement
103 Scalia, AntoninAntonin Scalia VA 19360311March 11, 1936–
present
19860926September 26, 1986–
present
Reagan
104 Kennedy, AnthonyAnthony Kennedy CA 19360723July 23, 1936–
present
19880218February 18, 1988–
present
Reagan
105 Souter, DavidDavid Hackett Souter NH 19390917September 17, 1939–
present
19901009October 9, 1990–
June 29, 2009
(none) 20090629June 29, 2009–
present
Bush, G. H. W. retirement
106 Thomas, ClarenceClarence Thomas GA 19480623June 23, 1948–
present
19911023October 23, 1991–
present
Bush, G. H. W.
107 Ginsburg, RuthRuth Bader Ginsburg NY 19330315March 15, 1933–
present
19930810August 10, 1993–
present
Clinton
108 Breyer, StephenStephen Breyer MA 19380815August 15, 1938–
present
19940803August 3, 1994–
present
Clinton
109 Roberts, G. JohnJohn G. Roberts MD 19550127January 27, 1955–
present
20050929September 29, 2005–
present
20050929September 29, 2005–
present
Bush, G. W.
110 Alito, SamuelSamuel Alito NJ 19500401April 1, 1950–
present
20060131January 31, 2006–
present
Bush, G. W.
111 Sotomayor, SoniaSonia Sotomayor NY 19540625June 25, 1954–
present
20090808August 8, 2009–
present
Obama

[edit] Timeline

[edit] Justices appointed before 1900

[edit] Justices who served between 1900 and 2000

[edit] Justices who served after 2000



[edit] Notes

  1. ^ a b c This individual was elevated from Associate Justice to Chief Justice. Unlike the inferior courts, the Chief Justice is separately nominated and subject to a separate confirmation process, regardless of whether or not (s)he is already an Associate Justice.
  2. ^ Under 36 Stat. 1152, McKenna was Acting Chief Justice from White's death on May 19, 1921 until Taft took office on July 11, 1921.
  3. ^ Under 36 Stat. 1152, Holmes was Acting Chief Justice from Taft's departure on February 3, 1930 until Hughes took office on February 24, 1930.
  4. ^ There is some disagreement on how Moody exited office. According to the Federal Judicial Center, Moody resigned. According to the Supreme Court Historical Society, Moody retired. It turns out that the confusion comes from the fact that Moody was allowed to retire by special act of Congress in 1910 due to prolonged ill health. (Moody did not meet the minimum age and service requirements to retire without this waiver.)
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Beginning in the Twentieth Century, many Justices who have left the Court voluntarily have done so by retiring as Supreme Court Justices, but have not left the federal judiciary altogether. Some databases refer to this as an election by the Justice of senior status, although in practice the term "senior status" is used almost exclusively with regard to judges of lower federal courts, not the Supreme Court. A "retired Justice" is no longer a Member of the Supreme Court of the United States, but remains eligible to serve by designation as a judge of a U.S. Court of Appeals or District Court (and many retired Justices have indeed served in these capacities). However, because the Justice ceases to be a Member of the Supreme Court as of the moment of retirement, the reason for these Justices' leaving the Supreme Court is properly given as "retirement," although the reason for the Justice's later leaving the federal judiciary altogether might be a subsequent act of (full) retirement or the Justice's death.
  6. ^ There is some disagreement on how William Howard Taft exited office. According to some sources, such as the Supreme Court Historical Society, Taft retired. According to others, such as the Federal Judicial Center, Taft resigned.
  7. ^ Under 36 Stat. 1152, Stone was Acting Chief Justice from Hughes's retirement on June 30, 1941 until Stone took the oath of office as Chief Justice three days later.
  8. ^ Under 36 Stat. 1152, Black was Acting Chief Justice from Stone's death on April 22, 1946 until Vinson took office on June 24, 1946.
  9. ^ Under 62 Stat. 869, Black was Acting Chief Justice from Vinson's death on September 8, 1953 until Warren took office on October 5, 1953. The Supreme Court was not in session during this brief period.
  10. ^ In 1986, when elevated to Chief Justice, Rehnquist was appointed from Virginia[1]
  11. ^ Under 28 U.S.C. § 3, Stevens was Acting Chief Justice from Rehnquist's death on September 3, 2005 until Roberts took office on September 29, 2005. The Supreme Court was not in session during this brief period.

[edit] See also

[edit] References

[edit] External links