List of Mongol Khans

The Imperial seal of the Mongol Empire

This is the list of Mongol Khans and Khagans.

Great Khans of the Mongol Empire

• Genghis Khan (1206–1227)
• Tolui (regent) (1227–1229)
• Ögedei Khan (1229–1241)
• Töregene Khatun (regent) (1243–1246)
• Güyük Khan (1246–1248)
• Oghul Ghaymish (regent) (1248–1251)
• Möngke Khan (1251–1259)

Mongol Yuan Dynasty

With the establishment of the Yuan Dynasty, the Kublaids became emperors of the Yuan Dynasty, who were considered as Khagan for the Mongols and Huangdi (Chinese emperor) for native Chinese:

• Kublai Khan (1260–1294) - Khagan title: Setsen; Temple name: Shizu 1271-1294 Era name: Zhiyuan (至元) 1264-1294
• Temür Khan - Khagan title: Oljeitu; Temple name: Chengzong - 1294–1307; Era names: Yuanzhen (元貞) 1295-1297; Dade (大德) 1297-1307
• Khayisan - Khagan title: Khülük; Temple name: Wuzong - 1308-1311; Era name: Zhida (至大) 1308-1311
• Ayurbarwada - Temple name: Renzong - 1311-1320; Era names: Huangqing (皇慶) 1312-1313; Yanyou (延祐) 1314-1320
• Shidebala - Khagan title: Gegeen; Temple name: Yingzong - 1321-1323; Era name: Zhizhi (至治) 1321-1323
• Yesün-Temür - Temple name: Taiding Di - 1323-1328; Era names: Taiding (泰定) 1321-1328; Zhihe (致和) 1328
• Ragibagh - Temple name: Tianshun Di; Era name: Tianshun (天順) 1328
• Tugh Temür - Khagan title: Zayaghatu; Temple name: Wenzong - 1328–1329 and 1329–1332; Era names: Tianli (天歷) 1328-1330; Zhishun (至順) 1330-1332
• Kuśala - Khagan title: Qutuqtu; Temple name: Mingzong; Era name: Tianli (天歷) 1329
• Rinchinbal - Temple name: Ningzong; Era name: Zhishun (至順) 1332
• Toghun Temür - Khagan title: Ukhaantu; Temple name: Huizong ; Shundi - 1333-1370; Era names: Zhishun (至順) 1333; Yuantong (元統) 1333-1335; Zhiyuan (至元) 1335-1340; Zhizheng (至正) 1341-1368; Zhiyuan (至元) 1368-1370

Khans of Golden Horde

• Batu Khan (1227–1255)
• Sartaq (1255–56)
• Ulaghchi (1257)
• Berke (1257–1266)
• Mengu-Timur (1266–1282)
• Tuda-Mengu (1282—1287)
• Talabuga (1287—1291)
• Tokhta (1291—1312)
• Uzbeg Khan (1312–1341)
• Tini Beg (1341–1342)
• Jani Beg (1342—1357)
• Berdibek (1357—1361)
• Qulpa (1359–1360)
• Nawruz Beg (1360–1361)
• Khidr (1361–1362)
• Timur Khwaja (1362)
• Abdallah (1362–1370), actual ruler was Mamai Khan
• Murad (1362–1367), actual ruler was Mamai Khan
• Aziz (1367–1369), actual ruler was Mamai Khan
• Jani Beg II (1369–1370), actual ruler was Mamai Khan
• Muhammad Bolak (1370–1379), actual ruler was Mamai Khan
• Tulun Beg Khanum (1370–1373), actual ruler was Mamai Khan
• Aig Beg (1373–1376), actual ruler was Mamai Khan
• Arab Shaykh (1376–1379), actual ruler was Mamai Khan
• Kagan Beg (1375–1376), actual ruler was Mamai Khan
• Ilbani (1373–1376), actual ruler was Mamai Khan
• Hajji Cherkes (1375–1376), actual ruler was Mamai Khan
• Urus Khan (1376–1378), Urus was also Khan of the White Horde and uncle of Toqtamish, allowing the Hordes to unite.
• Freky Aziz Reffelruz (1378–1380)
• Tokhtamysh (1380–1395)
• Temür Qutlugh (1396–1401), actual ruler was Edigu
• Shadi Beg (1399–1407), actual ruler was Edigu
• Pulad (1407–1410), actual ruler was Edigu
• Temür (1410–1412)
• Jalal ad-Din khan (1411–1412)
• Karimberdi
• Kebeg
• Jabbar Berdi (1417–1419)
• Ulugh Muhammad (1419–1421, 1428–1433)
• Dawlat Berdi (1419–1421, 1427–1432)
• Baraq (1422–1427)
• Seyid Akhmed (1433–1435)
• Kuchuk Muhammed (1435–1459)
• Mahmud (1459–1465)
• Ahmad (1465–1481)
• Shayk Ahmad (1481–1498, 1499–1502)
• Murtada (1498–1499)

Left wing

• Orda (1226–1251)
• Qun Quran (1251–c.1280)
• Kochu (c.1280–1302)
• Buyan (Bayan) (1302–1309)
• Sasibuqa (1309–1315)
• Ilbasan (1315–1320)
• Mubarak Khwaja (1320–1344)
• Chimtay (1344–1374)
• Urus (1374–1376)
• Toqtaqiya (1376)
• Timur-Malik (1377)
• Toqtamish (1377–1378)
• Koiruchik (1378–1399)
• Baraq (1423–1428)
• Muhammed (1428–1431)
• Mustafa (1431–1446)

This Horde was annexed by Abu'l-Khayr Khan of the Shaybanids in 1446.

Right wing

Actual rulers of the Golden Horde (Jochid Ulus, Kipchak Khanate) were members of the House of Batu until 1361.

• Batu Khan (1227–1255)
• Sartaq (1255–56)
• Ulaghchi (1257)
• Berke (1257–1266)
• Mengu-Timur (1266–1282)
• Tuda-Mengu (1282—1287)
• Talabuga (1287—1291)
• Tokhta (1291—1312)
• Uzbeg Khan (1312–1341)
• Tini Beg (1341–1342)
• Jani Beg (1342—1357)
• Berdibek (1357—1361)
• Qulpa (1359–1360)
• Nawruz Beg (1360–1361)
• Khidr (1361–1362)
• Timur Khwaja (1362)
• Abdallah (1362–1370), actual ruler was Mamai Khan

Ilkhans of Il Khanate

• Hülëgü (1256–1265)
• Abaqa (1265–1282)
• Tekuder (1282–1284)
• Arghun (1284–1291)
• Gaykhatu (1291–1295)
• Baydu (1295)
• Ghazan (1295–1304)
• Öljeitü (1304–1316)
• Abu Sa'id (1316–1335)
• Arpa Ke'ün (1335–1336)

After the murder of Arpa, the regional states established during the disintegration of the Ilkhanate raised their own candidates as claimants.

• Musa (1336–1337) (puppet of 'Ali Padshah of Baghdad)
• Muhammad (1336–1338) (Jalayirid puppet)
• Sati Beg (1338–1339) (Chobanid puppet)
• Sulayman (1339–1343) (Chobanid puppet, recognized by the Sarbadars 1341-1343)
• Jahan Temur (1339–1340) (Jalayirid puppet)
• Anushirwan (1343–1356) (non-dynastic Chobanid puppet)
• Ghazan II (1356–1357) (known only from coinage)

Claimants from eastern Persia (Khurasan):

• Togha Temür (c. 1338-1353) (recognized by the Kartids 1338-1349; by the Jalayirids 1338-1339, 1340–1344; by the Sarbadars 1338-1341, 1344, 1353)
• Luqman (1353–1388) (son of Togha Temür)

Khans of Chagatai Khanate

• Chagatai Khan 1226-1242
• Qara Hülëgü 1242-1246 d. 1252
• Yesü Möngke 1246-1252
• Qara Hülëgü (restored) 1252
• Mubarak Shah 1252-1260
  • Orghana Khatun (fem.), regent 1252-1260
• Alghu 1260-1266
• Mubarak Shah (restored) 1266
• Baraq 1266-1270
• Negübei 1270-c. 1272
• Buqa Temür c. 1272-1287
• Duwa 1287-1307
• Könchek 1306-1308
• Taliqu 1308-1309
• Kebek 1309 d. 1325
• Esen Buqa I 1309-c. 1318
• Kebek (restored) c. 1318-1325
• Eljigidey 1325
• Duwa Temur 1325
• Aladdin Tarmashirin 1325-1333
• Buzan 1333-c. 1334
• Changshi 1334-c. 1338
• Yesun Temur c. 1338-c. 1342 with...
• 'Ali-Sultan c. 1338-c. 1342
• Muhammad I ibn Pulad c. 1342-1343
• Qazan Khan ibn Yasaur 1343-1346
• Danishmendji 1346-1348

The Chagatai Khanate is split into two parts, western and eastern (Moghulistan). For the eastern khans, see Khans of Moghulistan, below.

• Bayan Quli 1348-1358
• Shah Temur 1358
• Tughluq Temur (in Mogulistan 1348-1363) 1358-1363
• Ilyas Khodja (in Mogulistan 1363-1368) 1363 d. 1368
• Adil-Sultan 1363
• Khabul Shah 1364-1370

From 1370 on, the Chagatai Khans were puppets of Timur.

• Suurgatmish 1370-1388
• Sultan Mahmud (Mohammed II) 1388-1402

Khans of Northern Yuan

• Biligtü Khan (Ayurshiridar) (1370–1378)
• Uskhal Khan (Tögüs Temür) (1378–1388)
• Jorightu Khan (Yesüder) (1388–1392)?
• Engke Khan (?-1392)
• Elbeg Nigülesügchi Khan (1392–1399)
• Gün Temür Khan (1400–1402)
• Örüg Temür Khan (Guilichi) - non-chingisid
• Öljei Temür Khan (Bunyashiri) (1403–1412)
• Delbeg Khan (Dalbag) (1415)
• Oyiradai Khan (1415–1425)
• Adai Khan (1425–1438)
• Tayisung Khan (Toghtoa Bukha) (1433–1452)
• Agbarjin (1453)
• Esen Tayisi - the leader of the Oirats (1453–1454)
• Markörgis Khan (Ükegtü) (1454–1465)
• Mulan Khan (1465–1466)
• Manduulun Khan (1475–1478)
• Dayan Khan (Batu Möngke) (1478–1516)
• Bars Bolud Jinong (deputy)
• Bodi Alagh Khan (1516–1547)

The following Khans are successors of Dayan Khan and directly ruled the Chahar. They had suzerainty over other Mongol tümens, but were unable to exercise their authority over them.

• Darayisung Gödeng Khan (1547–1557)
• Tümen Jasaghtu Khan (1557–1592)
• Buyan Sechen Khan (1592–1603)
• Ligden Khan (1604–1634)
• Ejei Khan (1634–1635)

Rulers of Zunghar Khanate

• Khara-Khula (d.1634)
• Baatur Khung-Taiji (1634–1653)
• Sengge (1653–1670)
• Galdan Boshugtu Khan (1670–1697)
• Tsewang-Rabtan (1694–1727)
• Galdan Tseren Khan (1727–1745)
• Tsewang-Dorji-Namjil (1746–1749)
• Lamdarja (1749–1752)
• Dawachi (1752–1755)

Upper Mongol Khoshud Khans of Tibet

• Gushi Khan Toro-Baikhu (1642–1655)
• Dayan Ochir Khan (1655–1669)
• Gonchug Dalai Khan (1669–1698)
• Lhazang Chingis Khan (1698–1717)

Torghud Khans of the Kalmyks

• Khoo-Orlog (d.1644)
• Shikir-Daichung (1644–1661)
• Puntsog (1661–1669)
• Ayuukhi (1669–1724)
• Tseren-Dondog (1724–1735)
• Dondug-Ombo (1735–1741)
• Dondug-Dashi (1741–1761)
• Ubashi (1762–1771)

20th century Mongolia

• Bogd Khan (the 8th Jebtsundamba Khutuktu) (1911–1924)

References

• Dughlát Muhammad Haidar, Norbert Elias, Edward Denison Ross - The Tarikh-i-rashidi
• Henry Hoyle Howorth-History of the Mongols
• Herbert Franke, Denis Twitchett, John King Fairbank -The Cambridge History of China: Alien regimes and border states, 907-1368
• William Bayne Fisher, Peter Jackson, Laurence Lockhart, J. A. Boyle -The Cambridge history of Iran‎, 5
• Konstantin Nikolaevich Maksimov - Kalmykia in Russia's past and present national policies and administrative system

See also

• Yuan Dynasty family tree
• List of Mongol Khatuns
• Borjigin
• Choros
• Khoshuud