List of Kapudan Pashas

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Main article: Kapudan Pasha

The Kapudan Pasha (Ottoman Turkish: کاپیتان پاشا, modern: Kaptan Paşa), formerly known as the Captain Pasha, was the admiral of the navy of the Ottoman Empire. A total of 161 captains served between the establishment of the post under Bayezid I and the establishment of the Ottoman Naval Ministry during the Tanzimat reforms.

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Kapudan Pasha Appointed Vacated Notes
Kara Mürsel Bey 1324 [1]
Unknown
Saruca Pasha 1390 Turk?[1][2][3]
Çavlı Bey 1412 Turk?[1][2]
Unknown
Baltaoğlu Süleyman Bey 1451 1453 Bulgarian?[1][4][2]
Hamza Bey 1453 1456 Albanian[1][2]
Has Yunus Bey 1456 1459 [1][4][2]
Kasım Bey 1459 1460 [1][2]
Kadim İsmail Bey 1461 1462 Devşirme?[1][2]
Yakup Bey 1462 1463 Albanian[1][2]
Zagan Pasha 1463 1466 Greek or Serb[5];previously grand vizier[1][2]
Veli Mahmud Pasha 1466 1478 Serb[6]>Devşirme; later grand vizier[1][7][2]
Gedik Ahmed Pasha 1478 1480 Albanian or Serb[8]>Devşirme; invaded Mediterranean and seized Santa Maura, Kefalonia, and Zante; later grand vizier[1][2]
Mesih Pasha 1480 1491 Greek, converted member of the Palaiologoi; later grand vizier[1][2]
Güveği Sinan Pasha 1491 1492 Devşirme?[1][2]
Kara Nişancı Davud 1492 1503 Devşirme?[1][2]
Küçük Davud Pasha 1503 1506 [1][2]
Hersekzade Ahmed Pasha 1506 1511 Slav; later grand vizier[1][2]
İskender Ağa Pasha 1511 1514 Devşirme?[1][2]
Sinan Bey 1514 1516 Devşirme?[1][2]
Cafer Ağa Pasha 1516 1520 Devşirme?[1][2]
Parlak Mustafa Pasha 1520 1522 Bosniak[1][2]
Bayram Pasha 1522 [1][2]
Kurdoğlu Muslihiddin Reis [citation needed]
Süleyman Pasha 1531 [1][2]
Kemankeş Ahmed Bey 1531 1533 Devşirme?[1][2]
Hayreddin Barbarossa 1533 1546 Turk;[2][9][10] position of Kapudan Pasha raised to beylerbey, granted Eyalets of the Islands of the Mediterranean and Ottoman Algeria[1]
Sokollu Mehmed Pasha 1546 1550 Serb>Devşirme; invaded Libya; later grand vizier[1][2]
Sinan Pasha 1550 1554 Croat; supported Turgut Reis's western raids; later grand vizier[1][2]
Piyale Pasha 1554 1568 Croat;[11][12][13] captured Corsica with the French in 1554, defeated Spanish at Piombino in 1555, raided Calabria, Salerno, Tuscany, Spain, and seized the Balearics in 1558, won crushing Battle of Djerba in 1560; captured Naples in 1563[1][2]
Müezzinzade Ali Pasha 1568 7 Oct 1571 Effected conquest of Cyprus from Venice, but killed at Lepanto[2]
Kılıç Ali Paşa 1571 21 Jun 1587 Italian, born Giovanni Dionigi Galeni, known after conversion as Uluç and Uluç Ali Reis;[2] rebuilt Turkish fleet, recaptured Tunis from Don Juan and ended War of Cyprus, raided Calabria and put down numerous revolts
unknown
unknown
Cigalazade Yusuf Sinan Pasha 1591 1595 Italian, born Scipione Cicala; first term; later grand vizier[2]
unknown
Cigalazade Yusuf Sinan Pasha 1599 1604 second term; previously grand vizier[2]
Derviş Pasha 1604 Bosniak[2]
unknown
unknown
unknown
Cataldjali Hasan Pasha 1625 1631 [2]
unknown
Gazi Hüseyin Pasha 1632 1635 Turk; later grand vizier[2][14]
Kemankeş Mustafa Pasha 17 Oct 1635 24 Dec 1638 Albanian, later grand vizier[1][2]
unknown
Gazi Hüseyin Pasha 1639 1641 Turk[2]
Yusuf Pasha 164X 164X Dalmatian Slav; executed by Sultan
Kara Musa Pasha 1646 21 Sept 1647 Bosniak;[2] died at Kandiye during Cretan War before he could receive his promotion to grand vizier
Kılavuz Köse Ali Pasha 1647 1648 [citation needed]
Unknown
Koca Dervish Mehmed Pasha 1652 1652 Circassian; later grand vizier[1][2]
unknown
Kara Murad Pasha 1653 11 May 1655 Albanian;[2][15] effected the breakout First Battle of the Dardanelles during the Cretan War; prior and later grand vizier
unknown
Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha 1666 1670 Turk; later grand vizier[1][2]
unknown
Mezzo Morto Hüseyin Pasha 1695 1701 Turk[2][16] or Aragonese;[17] commanded at Andros in 1696 during the Morean War, attempted moderate reforms and published the Kannunname
unknown
Baltacı Mehmet Pasha 1704 1704 Turk; later grand vizier[2]
unknown
Kaymak Mustafa Pasha 1721 1730 Bosniak[2][18]
unknown
Hacı Hüseyin Pasha 1732 1732 [2][19]
Koca Bekir Pasha 1732 1733 Turk; first term[2][20]
unknown
Hacı Mehmed Pasha I c. 1735. Turk?[2]
unknown
Râtip Ahmed Pasha 1743 1744 Turk[1][2]
unknown
Koca Bekir Pasha 1750 1753 Turk; second term[2]
unknown
Eğribozlu İbrahim Pasha 1769 Turk?[2][21]
unknown
Mandalzade Hüsameddin Pasha 1770 1770 Removed following the disastrous naval defeat at Chesma during the Russo-Turkish War of 1768-1774[2]
Cezayirli Gazi Hasan Pasha 1770 1790[1]
or
1789[2]		 Georgian[22];Dislodged Russians from Aegean, commanded forces during the Russo-Turkish Wars of 1768-1774 and 1787-1792; later grand vizier
Koca Yusuf Pasha 19 Dec 1789 Georgian; former grand vizier[2]
unknown
Küçük Hüseyin Pasha 11 Mar 1792 7 Dec 1803 Georgian; commanded the Turkish invasion fleet of French-occupied Egypt[2][23][24]
Mehmed Kadri Pasha 1803 1804 [2]
Hafız İsmail Pasha 1804 1805 [2] later grand vizier
Hacı Salih Pasha 1805 1805 Turk;[2] later grand vizier
unknown
Hacı Mehmed Pasha II 21 Nov 1806 1808 Turk[2][25]
Seydi Ali Pasha 1807[1]
or
1808[2]		 1808 Georgian
Abdullah Ramiz Efendi 1808 1808 Crimean Tatar[2]
unknown
Husrev Pasha 1811 1818 Abazin; later grand vizier[2][26]
unknown
Deli Abdullah Pasha 1821 Turk[2] later grand vizier
Nasuhzade Ali Pasha 1821 7 Jun 1822 Albanian;[2] also known as Kara-Ali Pasha; commanded Turkish fleet during the Greek War of Independence: directed Massacre of Samothrace, killed by fireship directed by Constantine Kanaris following Massacre of Chios;[27] ancestor of Turkish author Nasuh Mahruki
Kara Mehemet 1822
Husrev Pasha dec 1822 end 1826
unknown
Çengeloğlu Tahir Mehmed Pasha Nov 1832 1836 Turk[2]
Ahmed Fevzi Pasha 10 Nov 1836 1839 Greek, defected to Egypt[2]
unknown
Topal İzzet Pasha 1840 Reformer[citation needed]
unknown
unknown Loses administrative control of the Eyalet of the Islands c. 1848[1]
unknown
Mahmud Pasha 1853
unknown
unknown 13 March 1867 Office abolished[28]

[edit] See also

[edit] Sources

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai Gordon, Bruce R. Regnal Chronologies. "The Aegean Islands: The Aegean Sea: Cezair Bahr-i-Sefid and the Kaptan-ý Derya (Kapudan Pasha - Lord Admiral)". Accessed 12 Sept 2011.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl İsmail Hâmi Danişmend, Osmanlı Devlet Erkânı, pp. 172 ff. Türkiye Yayınevi (Istanbul), 1971. (Turkish)
  3. ^ "Osmanlı Dönemi Türk Deniz Kuvvetleri". http://www.dzkk.tsk.mil.tr/turkce/Tarihce/OsmanliKaptanPasalar.asp. Retrieved 2007-02-21.  (Turkish)[dead link]
  4. ^ a b Tascilar, Muhammet. "İstanbul'un Fethi". Türk Tarihi. http://www.dallog.net/savaslar/fetih.htm.  (Turkish)
  5. ^ Ellis Goldberg, Reşat Kasaba, Joel S. Migdal, "Rules and rights in the Middle East" (1993), p. 153
  6. ^ Stavrides, Théoharis (2001). The Sultan of vezirs: the life and times of the Ottoman Grand Vezir Mahmud Pasha Angelovic (1453–1474). Brill. p. 73. ISBN 9789004121065. 
  7. ^ Tascilar, Muhammet. "Mahmud Paşa (Velî)". Türk Tarihi. http://www.dallog.net/tdsa1/mahmudpasa.htm. Retrieved 2007-02-21.  (Turkish)
  8. ^ Stavrides, Théoharis (August 2001). The Sultan of Vezirs: The Life and Times of the Ottoman Grand Vezir Mahmud Pasha Angeloviu (1453-1474) (Ottoman Empire and Its Heritage Series, Volume 24). Brill Academic Publishers, Inc.. p. 65. ISBN 9004121064. http://books.google.com/books?id=ptXG0uA70lAC&pg=PA65. 
  9. ^ Kiel, Machiel. "The Smaller Aegean Islands in the 16th-18th Centuries According to Ottoman Administrative Documents". Op. cit. Davies, Siriol & Davis, Jack L. Between Venice and Istanbul: Colonial Landscapes in Early Modern Greece, p. 36. ASCSA, 2007. ISBN 9780876615409.
  10. ^ Encyclopædia Britannica, 14th Edition, Revised, p. 147. "Barbarossa." Encyclopædia Britannica Co., Ltd., 1963.
  11. ^ Freely, John. The Companion Guide to Istanbul and Around the Marmara.
  12. ^ Cardini, Franco. Europe and Islam.
  13. ^ Shaw, S.J. History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey.
  14. ^ Tascilar, Muhammet. "Hüseyin Paşa (Gazi, Deli)". Türk Tarihi. http://www.dallog.net/tdsa/huseyinpasadeli.htm. Retrieved 2007-02-21.  (Turkish)
  15. ^ Tascilar, Muhammet. "Murad Paşa (Kara)". Türk Tarihi. http://www.dallog.net/tdsa1/muradpasa.htm. Retrieved 2007-02-21.  (Turkish)
  16. ^ Tascilar, Muhammet. "Mezomorto Hüseyin Paşa". Türk Tarihi. http://www.dallog.net/tdsa1/mezomorto.htm. Retrieved 2007-02-21.  (Turkish)
  17. ^ Panzac, Daniel. La Marine ottomane. De l’apogée à la chute de l’Empire (1572-1923). (French)
  18. ^ "Kaymak Mustafa Paşa". http://www.babakale.com/sayfalar/kaptanpasa.htm. Retrieved 2007-02-21.  (Turkish)[dead link]
  19. ^ "Kaptan Hacı Hüseyin Paşa Çeşmesi". Çeþmelerden Örnekler. http://www.cesmeler.gen.tr/cn25.htm. Retrieved 2007-02-21.  (Turkish)
  20. ^ Tascilar, Muhammet. "Bekir Paşa (Koca)". Türk Tarihi. http://www.dallog.net/tdsa/bekirpasakoca.htm. Retrieved 2007-02-21.  (Turkish)
  21. ^ Gülen, Nejat. "Şanlı Bahriye:Kuruluş". Şanli Bahrıye. http://www.1001kitap.com/Tarih/Nejat_Gulen/sanli_bahriye/bahriye01kurulus.html#1. Retrieved 2007-02-21.  (Turkish)
  22. ^ King, Charles (2004), The Black Sea: a History, p.159. Oxford University Press, ISBN 0199241619.
  23. ^ Inalcık, Halil. Trans. by Gibb, H.A.R. The Encyclopaedia of Islam, New Ed., Vol. V, Fascicules 79-80, pp. 35 f. "Khosrew Pasha". E.J. Brill (Leiden), 1979. Accessed 13 Sept 2011.
  24. ^ Tascilar, Muhammet. "Hüseyin Paşa (Küçük)". Türk Tarihi. http://www.dallog.net/tdsa/huseyinpasakucuk.htm. Retrieved 2007-02-21.  (Turkish)
  25. ^ "Hacı Mehmet Paşa Yalısı (Direkli Yalıkaptan Paşa Yalısı)". http://www.uskudar-bld.gov.tr/portal/rehber/t1.jspPageName=rehberAyrinti&ID=792. Retrieved 2007-02-21.  (Turkish)[dead link]
  26. ^ "Şanlı Bahriye: II. Mahmut Dönemi (1808-1839)". http://www.1001kitap.com/Tarih/Nejat_Gulen/sanli_bahriye/bahriye03ikinci_mahmut.html. Retrieved 2007-02-21.  (Turkish)[dead link]
  27. ^ Woodhouse. The Story of Modern Greece. Faber and Faber, 1968.
  28. ^ Bernd Langensiepen, Ahmet Güleryüz, The Ottoman Steam Navy, 1828-1923, Naval Institute Press, Annapolis, Maryland, 1995, ISBN 1-55750-659-0, p. 197.
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