List of Polish Jews
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| History of Judaism in Poland |
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| History of the Jews in Poland |
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18th Century 19th Century 20th Century The Holocaust in Poland Nazi German death camps in Poland Rescue of Jews by Poles during the Holocaust 1989–Present |
| List of Polish Jews |
| Polish Righteous among the Nations |
From the Middle Ages until the Holocaust, Jews comprised a significant part of the Polish population. The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, known as a "Jewish paradise" for its religious tolerance, attracted numerous Jews who fled persecution from other European countries, even though, at times, discrimination against Jews surfaced as it did elsewhere in Europe. Poland was a major spiritual and cultural center for Ashkenazi Jews/Ashkenazi Jewry. At the start of the Second World War, Poland had the largest Jewish population in the world (over 3.3 million [3]), the vast majority of whom were killed by the Nazis in the Holocaust during the German occupation of Poland, particularly through the implementation of the "Final Solution" mass extermination program. Only 369,000 (11%) survived. After massive postwar emigration, the current Polish Jewish population stands at somewhere between 8,000 and 20,000.
Note that the list includes people of Jewish faith, Ashkenazi culture and/or Jewish ancestry.
Contents |
[edit] Historical figures
[edit] Politicians
- Menachem Begin (1913–1992), Israeli prime minister, Nobel Laureate, 1978 (born in Poland)[1]
- David Ben-Gurion (1886–1973), Israeli prime minister (born in Poland)[2]
- Jakub Berman (1901–1984), Polish communist, Secretary of PUWP (Polish United Workers' Party)also partly responsible for sentencing to the death of many Polish patriots.
- Czesław Bielecki (b. 1948), Polish politician and architect[3]
- Sala Burton (1925–1987), American politician[4]
- Ludwik Dorn (b. 1954), Polish politician, a speaker of the Sejm[5]
- Julian Klaczko (1825–1906), Polish politician[6]
- David Miliband (b. 1965), British foreign affairs minister[7]
- Lewis Bernstein Namier (1888–1960), British politician[8]
- Shimon Peres (b. 1923), Israeli prime minister and president, Nobel Prize laureate (1994)[9]
- Yitzhak Shamir (b. 1915), Israeli prime minister (born in Poland)[10]
- Stanisław Stroński (1882–1955), Polish politician[11] (of Jewish descent)
- Samuel A. Weiss (1902–1977), American politician[12]
[edit] Others
- Dora Diamant (1898–1952), lover of Franz Kafka[13]
- Gaspar da Gama (1444-ca.1510), traveller, interpreter[14]
- Sir Hersch Lauterpacht, British judge,[15]
- Rosa Luxemburg (1871-1919), Marxist revolutionary[16]
[edit] Religious figures
- Philip Ferdinand, Professor of Hebrew[17]
- Christian David Ginsburg (1831–1914), Hebraist, converted to Christianity[18]
- Aaron Hart (1670–1756), rabbi[19]
- Ridley Haim Herschell (1807-1864), missionary; moved to England[20]
- Romuald Jakub Weksler-Waszkinel (b. 1943), Catholic priest[21]
[edit] Academics
[edit] Mathematicians
- Alfred Tarski
- Stanislaw Ulam
- Benoit Mandelbrot
- Hugo Steinhaus
- Samuel Eilenberg
- Emil Leon Post
- Hayyim Selig Slonimski
- Mark Kac
- Leon Lichtenstein
- Szolem Mandelbrojt
- Nachman Aronszajn
- Juliusz Schauder
- Edward Marczewski
- Adolf Lindenbaum
- Herman Auerbach
- Samuel Dickstein (mathematician)
- Mojżesz Presburger
- Stanislaw Saks
- Salomon Bochner, mathematician
[edit] Sciences
- Zygmunt Bauman, sociologist
- Leslie Brent, immunologist
- Georges Charpak, physicist, Nobel Prize (1992)
- Albert Abraham Michelson (1852-1931), physicist; immigrated to the United States[22] Nobel Prize in Physics (1907)
- Kasimir Fajans, physicist
- Roald Hoffmann (1937 - ) chemist & writer, Nobel Prize winner (1981)
- Leopold Infeld, physicist
- Hilary Koprowski, immunologist
- Abraham Lempel, computer scientist: LZW compression
- Jakub Natanson, chemist
- Isidor Isaac Rabi, physicist, Nobel prize
- Tadeus Reichstein, chemist, Nobel Prize (1950)
- Albert Sabin, inventor of the oral Polio vaccine
- Abraham Sztern (1762-1842), inventor
- Ary Sternfeld, a founder of astronautics
[edit] Historians
- Jacob Talmon (1916-1980), historian; immigrated to the Israel[23]
[edit] Cultural figures
[edit] Artists
- Mayer Kirshenblatt (b. 1916), artist[24]
- Alfred Wolmark (1887-1961), painter; immigrated to England[25]
- Henryk Berlewi[26]
[edit] Musicians
- Sir George Henschel (1850-1934), musician; immigrated to England[27]
- Jan Kiepura (1902-1966), actor & singer; immigrated to the United States[28] (Jewish mother)
- Henryk Szeryng (1918-1988), violinist; immigrated to Mexico[29]
- Henryk Wars (1902-1977), composer; immigrated to the United States[30]
[edit] Screen and stage
- Boris Kaufman (1887-1980), cinematographer; immigrated to the United States; brother of Mikhail Kaufman and Dziga Vertov[31]
- Mikhail Kaufman (1897-1980), cinematographer & photographer; immigrated to the Soviet Union; brother of Boris Kaufman and Dziga Vertov[32]
- Agnieszka Holland (1948-), Film director & writer (Jewish father)[33]
- Marie Rambert (1888-1982), ballet dancer & teacher; immigrated to England[34]
- Piotr Skrzynecki, cabaret director (Jewish mother)[35]
- Dziga Vertov, film director; immigrated to the Soviet Union; brother of Boris Kaufman and Mikhail Kaufman[36]
[edit] Writers and poets
[edit] Polish-language
- Roman Brandstaetter, writer, poet[37]
- Kazimierz Brandys (1916-2000), writer[38]
- Teodor Parnicki (1908-1988), writer (Jewish mother)[39]
- Anatol Stern (1899-1968), poet[40]
- Leopold Tyrmand (1920-1985), writer[41]
- Aleksander Wat (1900-1967), poet[42]
- Józef Wittlin, poet[43]
[edit] Yiddish-language
- Abraham Sutzkever (1913-2010), poet, immigrated to Israel [4]
[edit] Business figures
- Majer Bersohn, banker, philanthropist[44]
- Henry & Helal Hassenfeld, founders of Hasbro
- Leopold Kronenberg (1849-1937), banker[45]
- Maurycy Orgelbrand, editor[46]
- Samuel Orgelbrand (1810-1896), editor and painter[47]
- Szmul Zbytkower, banker, factor[48]
[edit] Sports
[edit] Chess
- Savielly Tartakower, (1887-1956), chess master [49]
- Akiba Rubinstein
- Gersz Rotlewi
- Gersz Salwe
- Johannes Zukertort
- Daniel Yanofsky
[edit] Fencing
- Roman Kantor, épée, Nordic champion & Soviet champion, killed by the Nazis
[edit] Soccer (association football)
- Ludwik Gintel, Poland national team[50]
- Józef Klotz, Poland national team; killed by the Nazis[51]
- Józef Lustgarten, 17 years in the Gulag
- Leon Sperling, left wing, Poland national team; killed by the Nazis in the Lemberg Ghetto)
[edit] Swimming
- Lejzor Ilja Szrajbman, Olympic 4×200-m freestyle relay; killed by the Nazis in Majdanek concentration camp[52][53]
[edit] Track and field
- Irena Szewińska, sprinter & long jumper, world records (100-m, 200-m, and 400-m); 3x Olympic champion (4x100-m, 200-m, 400-m), 2 silver (200-m & long jump), and 2 bronze 1968 (100-m & 200-m)
- Jadwiga Wajs, 2 world records (discus); Olympic silver & bronze (discus)
[edit] Weightlifting
- Ben Helfgott, Polish-born British, 3x British champion (lightweight), 3x Maccabiah champion; survived Buchenwald and Theresienstadt concentration camps, as all but one other of his family were killed by the Nazis
[edit] Miscellaneous
- Salo Finkelstein, mental calculator
[edit] See also
- History of the Jews in Poland
- List of Jews
- List of Poles
- List of Galician Jews
- List of people from Galicia (modern period)
[edit] References
- ^ Menachem Begin - Biography
- ^ David Ben-Gurion The First Prime Minister
- ^ Antisemitism And Racism
- ^ The Political Graveyard: Index to Politicians: Burton
- ^ PRZEKRÓJ - Trzeci Kaczyński
- ^ CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Julian Klaczko
- ^ http://www.rp.pl/artykul/2,327162_Polski_rod_brytyjskiego_ministra.html
- ^ http://www.factmonster.com/ce6/people/A0834786.html
- ^ Shimon Peres - Biography
- ^ Yitzhak Shamir - Britannica Online Encyclopedia
- ^ Notes for an Autobiography
- ^ Looking for The Political Graveyard?
- ^ Canadian Jewish News: "was born in 1898 near Łódź , into a traditional Jewish family" Accessed 10 November 2006.
- ^ Gaspar da Gama
- ^ Tributes to Sir Hersch Lauterpacht
- ^ {{cite web | title=Rosa Luxemburg: More Than a Revolutionary | author=Annette Insdorf | url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B0DE3DD1331F932A05756C0A961948260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=print |publisher=The New York Times | date=1987-05-31 |
- ^ Concise Dictionary of National Biography: born in Poland of Jewish parents
- ^ (British Dictionary of National Biography)
- ^ Jewish Encyclopedia
- ^ Concise Dictionary of National Biography: "born in Prussian Poland of Jewish parents"
- ^ http://www.znak.com.pl/eurodialog/ed/2/weksler.html.po
- ^ [1]Polish
- ^ Encyclopaedia Judaica, art, "Talmon, Jacob"
- ^ Kirshenblatt, Mayer and Barbara Kirshenblatt-Gimblett. They called me Mayer July: Painted memories of a Jewish childhood in Poland before the Holocaust. University of California Press. Los Angeles:2007.
- ^ Concise Dictionary of National Biography: "born of Jewish parents in Warsaw"
- ^ The Mendele Review: Yiddish Literature and Language
- ^ British Concise Dictionary of National Biography: "born at Breslau of Polish-Jewish parentage"
- ^ review of the Audio Encyclopedia, Stars of David "This disc contains over 600 complete recordings of almost 200 singers of Jewish heritage" including Jan Kiepura; accessed 16 November 2006. The New York Times, August 10, 2005 The Kiepuras' European ascendancy was cut short by the rise of the Nazis; both had Jewish mothers." Accessed 16 November 2006.
- ^ Dia-Pozytyw: Ludzie Sylwetki Biografie
- ^ Dia-Pozytyw: Ludzie Sylwetki Biografie
- ^ Jewish Film Festival
- ^ Jewish Film Festival
- ^ Cohen, Roger (1993-08-08). "Holland Without a Country". The New York Times. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F0CE7DE153BF93BA3575BC0A965958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=2. Retrieved 2011-09-13.
- ^ [2]: "She was Jewish" Accessed 9 February 2007
- ^ Piotr Skrzynecki
- ^ Jewish Film Festival
- ^ Dia-Pozytyw: Ludzie Sylwetki Biografie
- ^ Kazimierz Brandys - Britannica Online Encyclopedia
- ^ List Teodora Parnickiego do Jerzego Giedroycia
- ^ Encyclopaedia Judaica, art. Stern, Anatol
- ^ David Frum on National Review Online
- ^ Aleksander Wat: Life and Art of an Iconoclast
- ^ Dia-Pozytyw: Ludzie Sylwetki Biografie
- ^ Dia-Pozytyw: Ludzie Sylwetki Biografie
- ^ Dia-Pozytyw: Ludzie Sylwetki Biografie
- ^ Dia-Pozytyw: Ludzie Sylwetki Biografie
- ^ Dia-Pozytyw: Ludzie Sylwetki Biografie
- ^ Dia-Pozytyw: Ludzie Sylwetki Biografie
- ^ Encyclopaedia Judaica; immigrated to France
- ^ Ezra Mendelsohn (2009). Jews and the Sporting Life: Studies in Contemporary Jewry XXIII. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0195382919. http://books.google.com/books?id=-_Si5OP6cjkC&pg=PA17&dq=%22ludwik+gintel%22+jewish&hl=en&ei=Zk8PTcruIMOAlAfWuK25DA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&sqi=2&ved=0CCYQ6AEwAA. Retrieved December 24, 2010.
- ^ Eldad Beck (August 9, 2010). "Anti-Semitism feared ahead of Euro 2012". European Jewish Congress. http://www.eurojewcong.org/ejc/news.php?id_article=5604. Retrieved December 24, 2010.
- ^ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedgoogle1; see Help:Cite errors/Cite error references no text - ^ Tom Archdeacon (April 26, 1998). "Memories never dim from Games of Shame; Message of "Nazi Olympics'still vital". The Denver Post. http://docs.newsbank.com/g/GooglePM/DP/lib00153,0EAF44D611BD8AC2.html. Retrieved December 24, 2010.
