List of Pomeranian duchies and dukes

Location of the residence cities of the Dukes of Pomerania (blue) and Pomerelia (ocre) within the modern borders of Pomerania

10th and 11th century – Dukes of the Slavic Pomeranian tribes

• 1046 mention of Siemomysł (Zemuzil)
• 1113 Gallus Anonymus mentions several dukes of Pomerania: Swantibor, Gniewomir, and an unnamed duke besieged in Kołobrzeg (Kolberg).

Duchy of Pomerania

Further information: Duchy of Pomerania

The Pomeranian Griffin

Partitions of Pomerania

First partition 1155-1264

In 1155, Pomerania was divided in Pomerania-Stettin and Pomerania-Demmin.

In 1231 Emperor Frederick II granted the immediate liege lordship over Pomerania to the Margrave of Brandenburg, who enforced this claim by the Treaties of Kremmen (1236) and of Landin (1250). Thus Pomerania had become a fief of Brandenburg, thus an only mediate (indirect) subfief of the Empire, with Brandenburg itself being an immediate imperial fief.

After Wartislaw III died heirless in 1264, Barnim I became sole duke of the whole duchy. After Barnim's death, the duchy was to be ruled by his sons Barnim II, Otto I and Bogislaw IV. The first years, Bogislaw, being the eldest, ruled in place of his too young brothers.

      Stettin       Demmin

1155-1278

Duchy of Pomerania-Stettin In 1295, reunited with Pomerania-Demmin.

Duchy of Pomerania-Demmin In 1295, reunited with Pomerania-Stettin.

Second partition 1295-1368

In 1295, the Duchy of Pomerania was divided roughly by the Peene and Ina (Ihna) rivers, with the areas north of these rivers ruled by Bogislaw IV became Pomerania-Wolgast, whereas Otto I received Pomerania-Szczecin south of these rivers.

      Stettin       Wolgast

1295-1368

Duchy of Pomerania-Stettin

Duchy of Pomerania-Wolgast Redivided in 1368.

Third partition 1368-1376

In 1368, Pomerania-Wolgast was divided into a western part (German: Wolgast diesseits der Swine, including the name-giving residence in Wolgast) and an eastern part (German: Wolgast jenseits der Swine, in literature also called Pomerania-Stolp after the residence in Stolp (Słupsk)).

      Stettin       Wolgast       Wolgast-Stolp

1368-1376

Duchy of Pomerania-Stettin

Duchy of Pomerania-Wolgast A smaller -Wolgast, as result of the division of the bigger duchy with the same name.

Duchy of Pomerania-Stolp The other part of the older duchy of -Wolgast.

Fourth partition 1376/1377-1478

In 1376, the western part of Pomerania-Wolgast (German: Wolgast diesseits der Swine) was subdivided in a smaller western part sometimes named Pomerania-Barth after the residence in Barth, and an eastern part which included the residence in Wolgast. In the following year, the eastern part of Pomerania-Wolgast (German: Wolgast diesseits der Swine or Pomerania-Stolp) was divided into a western part which included Stargard and an eastern part which included the residence in Stolp (Słupsk).

      Stettin       Wolgast       Wolgast-Barth       Wolgast-Stolp       Wolgast-Stolp-Stargard

1366/1377-1459

Duchy of Pomerania-Stettin

Duchy of Pomerania-Wolgast A smaller -Wolgast, in the eastern part of the western part of -Wolgast.

Duchy of Pomerania-Barth The western part of the western part of -Wolgast

Duchy of Pomerania-Stolp A smaller -Stolp, partioned from the bigger, located in its eastern part.

Duchy of Pomerania-Stargard The western part of -Stolp, which was the eastern part of -Wolgast

In 1459, the eastern partitions of Pomerania-Wolgast around Stargard and Stolp ceased to exist.

1459-1478

Duchy of Pomerania-Stettin

Duchy of Pomerania-Wolgast

Duchy of Pomerania-Barth

In 1478, after 200 years of partition, the duchy was reunited for a short period when all her parts were inherited by Bogislaw X.

Fifth partition 1531-1569

In 1531, Pomerania was partitioned into Pomerania-Stettin and Pomerania-Wolgast. This time however, in contrast to the earlier partitions with the same names, Pomerania-Wolgast included the western, and Pomerania-Stettin the eastern parts of the duchy.

      Stettin       Wolgast

1531-1569

Duchy of Pomerania-Wolgast

Duchy of Pomerania-Stettin

Sixth partition 1569-1625

In 1569, were created the duchies of -Barth (split off from -Wolgast) and -Rügenwalde (Darłowo) (split off from -Stettin).

      Stettin       Wolgast       Wolgast-Barth       Rügenwalde

1569-1625

Duchy of Pomerania-Wolgast Reunited with -Stettin in 1625

Duchy of Pomerania-Barth Annexed by -Stettin in 1603

Duchy of Pomerania-Stettin Reunited with -Wolgast in 1625

Duchy of Pomerania-Rügenwalde (Darłowo) Annexed by -Stettin in 1620

Defintive reunification and annexation to Sweden

In 1625, Bogislaw XIV reunited all Pomerania under his rule. However, in 1637, Sweden hold western parts of Pomerania (Hither Pomerania), originally including Stettin, legalised by the Peace of Westphalia in 1648 (Swedish Pomerania, several times reduced in favour of Brandenburgian Pomerania). Between 1637 and 1657 Lauenburg-Bütow Land came to Poland, thereafter to Brandenburg. In 1648, Brandenburg prevailed in the Peace of Westphalia with its claim only for eastern parts of Pomerania (Farther Pomerania), with the Brandenburg electors officially holding simultaneously the title of dukes of Pomerania until 1806 (end of the Empire and its enfeoffments), but de facto integrating their Pomerania into Brandenburg-Prussia, making it one of the provinces of Prussia in 1815, then including former Swedish Pomerania.

Dukes of Pomerania

House of Griffins or House of Pomerania (1121-1637)

Ruler		Born	Reign	Death	Ruling part	Notes
Wartislaw I		c.1091	1121-1135	1135	Pomerania	First duke of Pomerania.
Ratibor I		c.1124	1135-1156	1156	Pomerania	Ancestor of the Ratiboriden branch of the House of Pomerania that ruled Słupsk-Sławno
Bogislaw I		c.1130	1156-1187	18 March 1187	Pomerania-Stettin
Casimir I		after 1130	1156-1180	fall of 1180	Pomerania-Demmin
Wartislaw II		c.1160	1180-1184	c.1184	Pomerania-Demmin
Bogislaw II		1177	1187-1220	23 January 1220	Pomerania-Stettin	Son of Bogislaw I.
Casimir II		c.1180	1184-1219	1219	Pomerania-Demmin
Barnim I the Good		c.1217/1219	1220-1264	13 December 1278	Pomerania-Stettin	Since 1227 the dukes were again vassals of the Holy Roman Empire
Wartislaw III		c.1210	1219-1264	17 May 1264	Pomerania-Demmin	After his death in 1264, Barnim became the sole duke.
Barnim I the Good		c.1217/1219	1264-1278	13 December 1278	Pomerania	Reunited the Duchy of Pomerania.
Barnim II		c.1277	1278-1295	28 May 1295	Pomerania
Bogislaw IV		c.1255	1278-1295	19/24 February 1309	Pomerania	Co-ruler with his brother Barnim II.
Otto I		1279	1279-1295	31 December 1344	Pomerania	Co-ruler with his brothers Barnim II and Bogislaw IV.
Bogislaw IV		c.1255	1295-1309	19/24 February 1309	Pomerania-Wolgast	First duke of Pomerania-Wolgast.
Otto I		1279	1295-1344	31 December 1344	Pomerania-Stettin
Barnim III the Great		c.1300	1344-1368	14 August 1368	Pomerania-Stettin
Wartislaw IV		before 1290	1309-1326	1 August 1326	Pomerania-Wolgast	Son of Bogislaw IV.
Bogislaw V the Great		c.1318	1326-1368	23 April 1374	Pomerania-Wolgast
Wartislaw V		c.1 November 1326	1326-1368	1390	Pomerania-Wolgast	Co-ruler with his brother, Bogislaw V.
Barnim IV the Good		1325	1326-1365	22 August 1365	Pomerania-Wolgast	Co-ruler with his brothers, Wartislaw V and Bogislaw V.
Casimir III		1348	1368-1372	24 August 1372	Pomerania-Stettin	Son of Barnim III.
Bogislaw V the Great		c.1318	1368-1374	23 April 1374	Pomerania-Wolgast-Stolp	First duke of Stolp. Stolp was partitoned from Wolgast.
Bogislaw VI		c.1350	1368-1393	7 March 1393	Pomerania-Wolgast	Son of Barnim IV.
Wartislaw VI the One-eyed		1345	1368-1377	13 June 1394	Pomerania-Wolgast	Co-ruler with his brother, Bogislaw VI.
Swantibor		c.1351	1372-1413	21 June 1413	Pomerania-Stettin	Son of Barnim III.
Bogislaw VII the Older		before 1355	1372-1404	1404	Pomerania-Stettin	Co-ruler with his brother, Swantibor.
Casimir IV		1351	1374-1377	2 January 1377	Pomerania-Wolgast-Stolp
Bogislaw VIII Magnus		c.1364	1377-1418	11 February 1418	Pomerania-Wolgast-Stolp-Stargard	Brother of Wartislaw VII. First duke of Stargard. Stargard was partitioned from Stolp.
Barnim V		1369	1377-1402	1402/1403	Pomerania-Wolgast-Stolp-Stargard	Co-ruler with his brother, Bogislaw VIII, until 1402.
Wartislaw VII		1363/1365	1377-1394/1395	1394/1395	Pomerania-Wolgast-Stolp
Wartislaw VI the One-eyed		1345	1377-1394	13 June 1394	Pomerania-Wolgast-Barth	In 1377, Wartislaw became the first duke of the newly- created duchy of Barth, partitioned from Wolgast.
Bogislaw VIII Magnus		c.1364	1394/1395-1418	11 February 1418	Pomerania-Wolgast-Stolp	Brother of Wartislaw VII.
Barnim V		1369	1395-1403	1402/1403	Pomerania-Wolgast-Stolp	Co-ruler with his brother, Bogislaw VIII, until 1402.
Otto II		c.1380	1413-1428	27 March 1428	Pomerania-Stettin	Son of Swantibor.
Casimir V		before 1380	1413-1435	13 April 1435	Pomerania-Stettin	Co-ruler with his brother, Otto II.
Barnim VI		c.1365	1393-1405	22 September 1405	Pomerania-Wolgast	Son of Wartislaw VI.
Wartislaw VIII		1373	1393-1415	20/23 August 1415	Pomerania-Wolgast	Co-ruler with his brother, Barnim VI.
Bogislaw IX		1407/1410	1418-1446	7 December 1446	Pomerania-Wolgast-Stolp (Stolp and Stargard)
Wartislaw IX		c.1400	1415-1457	17 April 1457	Pomerania-Wolgast	Son of Barnim VI.
Barnim VII the Older		1390	1415-1450	22 September 1450	Pomerania-Wolgast	Co-ruler with his brother, Wartislaw IX.
Barnim VIII the Younger		between 1405 and 1407	1415-1451	between 15 and 19 December 1451	Pomerania-Wolgast-Barth
Joachim the Younger		1424	1435-1451	4 October 1451	Pomerania-Stettin	Son of Casimir V.
Eric I		1381/1382	1446-1459	3 May 1459	Pomerania-Wolgast-Stolp (Stolp and Stargard)	Son of Wartislaw VII. Also King of the Union of Kalmar between Denmark, Sweden and Norway.
Eric II		between 1418 and 1425	1457-1474	5 July 1474	Pomerania-Wolgast
Otto III		29 May 1444	1451-1464	7 September 1464	Pomerania-Stettin
Wartislaw X		1435	1457-1478	17 December 1478	Pomerania-Wolgast-Barth	Son of Wartislaw IX.
Eric II		between 1418 and 1425	1464-1474	5 July 1454	Pomerania-Stettin
Bogislaw X the Great		3 June 1454	1474-1478	5 October 1523	Pomerania-Wolgast and Pomerania-Stettin
Bogislaw X the Great		3 June 1454	1478-1523	5 October 1523	Pomerania	Reunites the duchy in 1478.
George I		11 April 1493	1523-1531	10 May 1531	Pomerania	Son of Bogislaw X.
Bogislaw XI		1514	1514	1514	Pomerania	Son of George I. Died young. He never reigned, but he is counted as XI. The eleventh reigning Bogislaw was in fact Bogislaw XIII.
Barnim IX the Pious		2 December 1501	1523-1531	2 November 1573	Pomerania	Co-ruler with his brother, George I.
Barnim IX the Pious		2 December 1501	1531-1569	2 November 1573	Pomerania-Stettin
Bogislaw XII		c.27 August 1542	1542	before 15 September 1542	Pomerania-Stettin	Son of Barnim IX. Died young. He never reigned, but he is counted as XII. After Bogislaw X, only more two dukes named Bogislaw have reigned: Bogislaw XIII and Bogislaw XIV.
Philip I the Pious		14 July 1515	1531-1560	14 February 1560	Pomerania-Wolgast	Son of George I.
Ernest Louis the Fair		20 November 1545	1560-1592	17 June 1592	Pomerania-Wolgast	Son of Philip I.
John Frederick the Strong		27 August 1542	1560-1569	9 February 1600	Pomerania-Wolgast	Co-ruler with his brother, Ernest Louis.
Bogislaw XIII		9 August 1544	1560-1569	7 March 1606	Pomerania-Wolgast	Co-ruler with his brothers, Ernest Louis and John Frederick.
Barnim X the Younger		15 February 1549	1560-1569	1 September 1603	Pomerania-Wolgast	Co-ruler with his brothers, Ernest Louis, John Frederick and Bogislaw XIII.
John Frederick the Strong		27 August 1542	1569-1600	9 February 1600	Pomerania-Stettin
Barnim X the Younger		15 February 1549	1600-1603	1 September 1603	Pomerania-Stettin	Brother of John Frederick and Bogislaw XIII. Succeeds in Stettin in 1600.
Bogislaw XIII		9 August 1544	1569-1603	7 March 1606	Pomerania-Wolgast-Barth	Receives Barth (partitioned from Wolgast). Brother of John Frederick. Receives -Wolgast-Barth and Neuenkamp (later Franzburg) in 1569. Tutor of Philip Julius. In 1603, he succeeds in -Stettin.
Philip Julius		27 December 1584	1592-1603	6 February 1625	Pomerania-Wolgast	Son of Ernest Louis.
Bogislaw XIII		9 August 1544	1603-1606	7 March 1606	Pomerania-Stettin	Succeeds in -Stettin-Stettin in 1603 giving Barth and Neuenkamp to Philip Julius.
Philip Julius		27 December 1584	1603-1625	6 February 1625	Pomerania-Wolgast (Barth and Wolgast)	Son of Ernest Louis.
Barnim X the Younger		15 February 1549	1569-1603	1 September 1603	Pomerania-Stettin-Rügenwalde	Brother of John Frederick and Bogislaw XIII. In 1569, receives Rügenwalde, which was partitioned from Stettin.
Philip II the Pious		29 July 1573	1606-1618	3 February 1618	Pomerania-Stettin	Son of Bogislaw XIII.
George II		30 January 1582	1603-1617	27 March 1617	Pomerania-Stettin-Rügenwalde	Brother of Philip II, Francis and Bogislaw XIV. Co-ruler with his brother Bogislaw XIV.
Bogislaw XIV		31 March 1580	1603-1625	10 March 1637	Pomerania-Stettin-Rügenwalde	Son of Bogislaw XIII. Shared Rügenwalde with his brother George II 1606 to 1617.
Francis		24 March 1577	1618-1620	27 November 1620	Pomerania-Stettin	Brother of Philip II.
Bogislaw XIV		31 March 1580	1620-1625	10 March 1637	Pomerania-Stettin (Stettin and Rügenwalde)	In 1620, with the death of Francis of Stettin, he succeeds him in this part of Pomerania.
Bogislaw XIV		31 March 1580	1625-1637	10 March 1637	Pomerania	In 1625, with the death of Philip Julius of Pomerania-Wolgast, Bogislaw XIV reunited all Pomerania.

Lands of Schlawe and Stolp (Słupsk-Sławno)

Further information: Land of Słupsk-Sławno

• 1121–1156 Ratibor I (from 1147/8 also duke of Pomerania)

(until c. 1190 part of Duchy of Pomerania)

• 1190–1223 Bogislaw
• 1223–1227 Ratibor II

In 1227, Stolp came to Pomerelia, Schlawe to Pomerania. In 1238–1316 both became part of Pomerelia, ruled by an autonomously acting dynasty of castellans, the Swenzones (German: Swenzonen, entering history in 1257 with Swenzo the Elder). In 1316, the area became part of the Pomerania-Wolgast, first as a pawn from Brandenburg, and definitively in 1347.

Principality of Rugia

Further information: Principality of Rugia

1168–1325 feudal fief of Denmark under local rulers:

• 1162–1170 Tezlaw
• 1170–1217 Jaromar I
• 1218–1249 Wizlaw I
• 1249–1260 Jaromar II
• 1260–1302 Wizlaw II
• 1303–1325 Wizlaw III

From 1325 Pomerania-Wolgast or -Barth:

• 1325–1326 Wartislaw IV
• 1326–1368 Bogislaw V, Wartislaw V, Barnim IV
• 1368–1372 Wartislaw VI, Bogislaw VI
• 1372–1394 Wartislaw VI
• 1394–1415 Wartislaw VIII
• 1415–1432/36 Swantibor II
• 1432/36–1451 Barnim VIII
• 1451–1457 Wartislaw IX
• 1457–1478 Wartislaw X

from 1474 part of Pomerania-Wolgast

Duchy of Pomerelia

The dukes of Pomerelia were using the Latin title dux Pomeraniae ("Duke of Pomerania") or dux Pomeranorum ("Duke of the Pomeranians").

The Pomerelian Griffin

• ca. 1060–1106 Świętobor
• 1109,1113–1121 Świętopełk I (Swantopolk I)

~1155–1227 part of Poland

• 1155–1178 Sobieslaw I (Subisław I)
• 1178–1205 Sambor I
• 1205–1215 Mestwin I (Mściwój I), the Peaceful

1215–1270 divided into duchies of:

Duchy of Gdańsk

• 1215–1266 Świętopełk II (Swantopolk II) the Great, sovereign duke from 1227
• 1266–1271 Wratislaw II

from 1271 part of Pomerelia

• Jan de Jani (1400-1461) - voivode of Pomerania and Gdańsk 1454-1461.

Duchy of Białogarda

• 1207 Subisław II
• 1215/1229–1257 Racibor I

from 1257 part of Pomerelia

Duchy of Lubiszewo

The dukes initially resided at a burgh located in the later village of Lubiszewo. After the town of Tczew was founded nearby in the course of the German Ostsiedlung, the dukes shifted their residence to the town.

• 1178–1200/1207 Grzymislaw II
• 1215/1228–1266/1278 Sambor II

from 1266/1278 part of Pomerelia

Duchy of Świecie

to 1178 part of Pomerelia

• 1178–1200/1207 Grzymislaw II
• 1215/1223–1229/1230 Wartislaw I of Świecie
• 1229–1255/1266 Świętopełk II the Great
• 1255/1266–1271 Mestwin II

from 1271 part of Pomerelia

• 1271–1294 Mestwin II (Mściwój II)
• 1294–1296 Przemysł II, union with Poland (Greater Poland)

Further history of Pomerelia

• 1296–1299 Part of Kujavia
• 1299–1308 Part of Poland
• 1308–1466 Part of the Teutonic Order State of Prussia
• 1454–1466 13-years war of Polish-supported Prussian separatist forces against the Teutonic Order
• 1466–1569 Royal Prussia, in personal union with the Crown of Poland
• 1569–1772 Part of Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
• 1772–1919 West Prussia (province of the Kingdom of Prussia which was part of the German Empire from 1871)
  • 1772–1793 Gdańsk, Toruń and Elbląg remained with Poland, then annexed to West Prussia, except of the latter annexed to East Prussia
  • 1807–1814 Free City of Danzig a Napoleonic client state, with François Joseph Lefebvre ennobled as Duc de Dantzic (1808–1820), before returned to West Prussia
• 1920–1939 Part of Poland as the Pomeranian Voivodeship, except of Danzig
• 1920–1939 Free City of Danzig, a League of Nations mandate
• 1939–1945 Danzig-West Prussia, province of Nazi Germany, including Polish Pomerania and Danzig
• 1945–present Part of Poland again

See also

• History of Pomerania

Further reading

• Gerard Labuda (ed.), "Historia Pomorza", vol. 1–4, Poznan-Torun 1969–2003
• Edmund Kopicki, "Tabele dynastyczne", "Wykazy panujacych", in: "Katalog podstawowych monet i banknotow Polski oraz ziem z historycznie z Polska zwiazanych", vol. IX, part I
• Zugmunt Boras, "Ksiazeta Pomorza Zachdniego", Poznan 1969, 1978, 1996
• Casimir Kozlowski, George Podralski, "Poczet Ksiazat Pomorza Zachdniego", KAW, Szczecin 1985
• L. Badkowski, W.Samp. "Poczet ksiazat Pomorza Gdanskiego", Gdansk 1974
• B. Sliwinski, "Poczet ksiazaat gdanskich", Gdansk 1997
• Wojciech Myslenicki, "Pomorscy sprzymierzenscy Jagiellonczylow", Wyd. Poznanskie, Poznan 1979
• J. Spors, "Podzially administracyjne Pomorza Gdanskiego i Slawiensko-Slupksiego od XII do poczatkow XIV w", Slupsk 1983
• K. Slaski, "Podzially terytorialne Pomorza w XII–XII w.", Poznan 1960
• Edward Rymar, Krewni i powinowaci ksiazat pomorskich w zrodłach sredniowiecznych (XII–początek XVI w.), Materially Zachodniopomorskie, vol. XXXI

External links

• Bogislaw X
• Map of Pomerania and Pomerelia as part of the Hohenstaufen Holy Roman Empire 1138–1254.