List of Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This is a partial list of recipients of the Presidential Medal of Freedom, grouped by the aspect of life in which they are/were renowned. The Presidential Medal of Freedom is awarded by the President of the United States "for especially meritorious contribution to (1) the security or national interests of the United States, or (2) world peace, or (3) cultural or other significant public or private endeavors"; it is awarded to individuals selected by the President or recommended to him by the Distinguished Civilian Service Awards Board.[1] President Barack Obama has awarded 16 Medals as of August 12, 2009[2]; President George W. Bush awarded 81 Medals; and President Bill Clinton awarded 88 Medals.
Three persons, Ellsworth Bunker, John Kenneth Galbraith, and Andrew Goodpaster, are two-time recipients of the Presidential Medal of Freedom.
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[edit] Business and economics
- Iorwith Wilbur Abel (1977)
- Walter Annenberg (1986)
- Gary Becker (2007)
- Edgar Bronfman, Sr. (1999)
- Irving Brown (1988)
- James E. Burke (2000)
- Justin Whitlock Dart (1987, posthumously)
- Edward J. DeBartolo, Sr. (1988)
- Peter Drucker (2002)
- David Dubinsky (1969)
- Henry Ford II (1969)
- Milton Friedman (1988)
- John Kenneth Galbraith (twice; 1946 and 2000)
- Alan Greenspan (2005)
- Bryce Harlow (1981)
- Friedrich von Hayek (1991)
- Paul G. Hoffman (1974)
- Edgar Kaiser (1969)
- Frederick Kappel (1964)
- Lane Kirkland (1994)
- Estée Lauder (2004)
- John L. Lewis (1964)
- George Mardikian (1951)
- J. Willard Marriott (1988, posthumously)
- David Packard (1988)
- Clarence B. Randall (1963)
- Walter Reuther (1995, posthumously)
- David Rockefeller (1998)
- Laurance Rockefeller (1969)
- James Rouse (1995)
- Dave Thomas (2003, posthumously)
- Tex Thornton (1981)
- Juan Trippe (1985, posthumously)
- Sam Walton (1992)
- Thomas Watson, Jr. (1964)
- Walter B. Wriston (2004)
- Muhammad Yunus (2009)[3]
[edit] Computing
- Vint Cerf (2005)
- Bob Kahn (2005)
- Gordon Moore (2002)
[edit] Education
- Detlev Bronk (1964)
- Genevieve Caulfield (1963)
- Dr. James E. Cheek (1983)
- Ruth Johnson Colvin (2006)
- Dr. James Bryant Conant (1963 - Awarded with Special Distinction)
- Norman Francis (2006)
- Hanna Holborn Gray (1991)
- Rev. Theodore Hesburgh, C.S.C. (1964)
- Jerome H. Holland (1985, posthumously)
- Karl Holton (1963)
- Margaret McNamara (1981)
- Alexander Meiklejohn (1963)
- Antonia Pantoja (1996)
- Frederick Patterson (1987)
- George W. Taylor (professor) (1963)
[edit] History
- Bruce Catton (1977)
- Robert Conquest (2005)
- Ariel Durant and Will Durant (1977)
- John Hope Franklin (1995)
- Vartan Gregorian (2004)
- David McCullough (2006)
- Samuel Eliot Morison (1964)
- Roberta Wohlstetter (1985)
[edit] Medicine
- Benjamin Carson (2008)
- Denton Cooley (1984)
- Michael DeBakey (1969)
- Lena Frances Edwards (1964)
- John F. Enders (1963)
- Anthony Fauci (2008)
- Ernest Carroll Faust (1946)
- Pedro José Greer, Jr. (2009)[3]
- David Hamburg (1996)
- William Hammon (1946)
- Donald Henderson (2002)
- Surgeon General C. Everett Koop (1995)
- Charles LeRoy Lowman (1974)
- Donald B. McMullen (1946)
- Karl Menninger (1981)
- Arnall Patz (2004)
- John R. Paul (1946)
- Janet Davison Rowley (2009)[3]
- Albert Sabin (1986)
- Jonas Salk (1977)
- Joseph Stokes (1946)
- Helen B. Taussig (1964)
- Carl Ten Broeck (1946)
- William B. Walsh (1987)
- Paul Dudley White (1964)
[edit] Philosophy
- Will Durant (1977)
- Friedrich Hayek (1991)
- Sidney Hook (1985)
[edit] Science
- John Bardeen (1977)
- Rachel Carson (1980, posthumously)
- Francis Collins (2007)
- Jacques-Yves Cousteau (1985)
- Thomas Francis, Jr. (1946)
- George R. Harrison (1946)
- Stephen Hawking (2009)[3]
- Clarence Johnson (1964)
- George B. Kistiakowsky (1961)
- Mathilde Krim (2000)
- Joshua Lederberg (2006)
- George Low (1985, posthumously)
- Margaret Mead (1979, posthumously)
- Lewis Mumford (1964)
- Simon Ramo (1983)
- Sir Robert Robinson (1947)
- Lewis L. Strauss (1958)
- Edward Teller (2003)
- John von Neumann (1956)
- Alan Tower Waterman (1963)
- James D. Watson (1977)
[edit] Sociology
- Robert Coles (1998)
- James Q. Wilson (2003)
[edit] Space exploration
- Apollo 11 Astronauts
- Edwin "Buzz" Aldrin (1969)
- Neil Armstrong (1969)
- Michael Collins (1969)
- Apollo 13 Astronauts
- Fred Haise (1970)
- Jim Lovell (1970)
- Jack Swigert (1970)
- Edgar Mitchell (1970)
[edit] Arts
[edit] Architecture
- Buckminster Fuller (1983)
- Ludwig Mies van der Rohe (1963)
- I.M. Pei (1993)[4]
[edit] Art
- Alexander Calder (1977)
- Willem de Kooning (1964)
- Georgia O'Keeffe (1977)
- Norman Rockwell (1977)
- Roger L. Stevens (1988)
- Andrew Wyeth (1963)
[edit] Dance
- George Balanchine (1983)
- Lucia Chase (1980)
- Martha Graham (1976)
- Lincoln Kirstein (1984)
- Chita Rivera (2009)[3]
[edit] Film
- Lucille Ball (1989, posthumously)
- James Cagney (1984)
- Bebe Daniels (1946)
- Doris Day (2004)
- Lynn Fontanne (1964)
- Marlene Dietrich (1947)
- Walt Disney (1964)
- Kirk Douglas (1981)
- John Ford (1973)
- Samuel Goldwyn (1971)
- Helen Hayes (1986)
- Audrey Hepburn (1992)
- Charlton Heston (2003)
- Bob Hope (1969)
- Danny Kaye (1987, posthumously)
- Carole Lombard (1946, posthumously)
- Alfred Lunt (1964)
- Rita Moreno (2004)
- Gregory Peck (1969)
- Sidney Poitier (2009)[3]
- Martha Raye (1993)
- James Stewart (1985)
- Lew Wasserman (1995)
- John Wayne (1980, posthumously)
[edit] Literature
- Jacques Barzun (2003)
- James Burnham (1983)
- J. Frank Dobie (1964)
- T. S. Eliot (1964)
- Ralph Ellison (1969)
- Eric Hoffer (1982)
- Louis L'Amour (1984)
- Harper Lee (2007)
- Archibald MacLeish (1977)
- Dumas Malone (1983)
- James A. Michener (1977)
- Carl Sandburg (1964)
- John Steinbeck (1964)
- DeWitt Wallace (1972)
- Robert Penn Warren (1980)
- Eudora Welty (1980)
- E.B. White (1963)
- Elie Wiesel (1992)
- Thornton Wilder (1963)
- Tennessee Williams (1980)
- Edmund Wilson (1963)
- Albert Wohlstetter (1985)
[edit] Music
- Marian Anderson (1963)
- Pearl Bailey (1988)
- Count Basie (1985, posthumously)
- Irving Berlin (1977)
- James "Eubie" Blake (1981)
- Pablo Casals (1963)
- Van Cliburn (2003)
- Aaron Copland (1964)
- Plácido Domingo (2002)
- Duke Ellington (1969)
- Arthur Fiedler (1977)
- Tennessee Ernie Ford (1984)
- Aretha Franklin (2005)
- Vladimir Horowitz (1986)
- B. B. King (2006)
- Mabel Mercer (1983)
- Eugene Ormandy (1970)
- Leontyne Price (1964)
- Mstislav Rostropovich (1987)
- Arthur Rubinstein (1976, Awarded with Distinction)
- Rudolf Serkin (1963)
- Beverly Sills (1980)
- Frank Sinatra (1985)
- Kate Smith (1982)
- Isaac Stern (1992)
- Meredith Willson (1987, posthumously)
[edit] Photography
- Ansel Adams (1980)
- Edwin H. Land (1963)
- Edward Steichen (1963)
[edit] Media
[edit] Journalism
- Robert L. Bartley (2004)
- Earl Charles Behrens (1970)
- Herbert L. Block (1994)
- William F. Buckley, Jr. (1991)
- Walter Cronkite (1981)
- Edward T. Folliard (1970)
- Katharine Graham (2002, posthumously)
- William M. Henry (1970)
- John H. Johnson (1996)
- Paul Johnson (2006)
- Arthur Krock (1970)
- David Lawrence (1970)
- George Gould Lincoln (1970)
- Walter Lippmann (1964)
- Ralph McGill (1964)
- Raymond Moley (1970)
- Edward R. Murrow (1964)
- Frank Reynolds (1985, posthumously)
- Abe M. Rosenthal (2002)
- Vermont C. Royster (1986)
- William Safire (2006)
- Albert Merriman Smith (1967)
- Adela Rogers St. Johns (1970)
- Lila Bell Wallace (1972)
- Mark S. Watson (1963)
- William S. White (1969)
[edit] Radio
- Paul Harvey (2005)
- Lowell Thomas (1976)
[edit] Television
- Lucille Ball (1989, posthumously)
- David Brinkley (1992)
- Carol Burnett (2005)
- Johnny Carson (1992)
- Peggy Charren (1995)
- Julia Child (2003)
- Joan Ganz Cooney (1995)
- Bill Cosby (2002)
- Andy Griffith (2005)
- Brian Lamb (2007)
- Fred Rogers (2002)
[edit] Philanthropy
- Brooke Astor (1998)
- Zachary Fisher (1998)
- Eugene Lang (1996)
- Morris I. Leibman (1981)
- J. Clifford MacDonald (1963)
- Catherine Filene Shouse (1977)
[edit] Politics and government
[edit] Activism
- Arnold Aronson (1998)
- Roger Nash Baldwin (1981)
- Oscar Elias Biscet (2007)
- César Chávez (1994, posthumously)
- Justin Whitlock Dart, Jr. (1998)
- Evelyn Dubrow (1999)
- Marian Wright Edelman (2000)
- James L. Farmer, Jr. (1998)
- Hector P. Garcia (1984)
- Dorothy Height (1994)
- George G. Higgins (2000)
- Benjamin Hooks (2007)
- Rev. Jesse Jackson (2000)
- Millie Jeffrey (2000)
- Helen Keller (1964)
- Martin Luther King, Jr. (1977, posthumously)
- Fred Korematsu (1998)
- Mary Lasker (1969)
- Rev. Joseph Lowery (2009)[3]
- Harvey Milk (2009, posthumously)[3]
- Clarence M. Mitchell (1980)
- Mario G. Obledo (1998)
- Rosa Parks (1996)
- Esther Peterson (1981)
- Ginetta Sagan (1996)
- Natan Sharansky (2006)
- William C. Velasquez (1995, posthumously)
- Lech Wałęsa (1989)
- Roy Wilkins (1967)
- Andrew Young (1981)
[edit] Diplomacy
- Anne L. Armstrong (1987)
- Ellis O. Briggs (by President Eisenhower)
- Manlio Brosio (1971)
- David K. E. Bruce (1976)
- Ralph Bunche (1963 - Awarded with Special Distinction)
- Ellsworth Bunker (Twice; 1963 - Awarded with Special Distinction and 1967)
- Harlan Cleveland (1946)
- Ryan Crocker (2009)[5]
- John P. Davies (1948)
- Nathaniel P. Davis (1946)
- Philip Habib (1982)
- George F. Kennan (1989)
- Jeane Kirkpatrick (1985)
- Sol M. Linowitz (1998)
- Harry W. Shlaudeman (1992)
- Gerard C. Smith (1981)
- Robert Schwarz Strauss (1981)
[edit] Environmentalism
- Horace M. Albright (1980)
- Rachel Carson (1980, posthumously)
- Marjory Stoneman Douglas (1993)
- Gilbert Melville Grosvenor (2004)
- Margaret Murie (1998)
- Roger Tory Peterson (1980)
- Russell E. Train (1991)
- Edgar Wayburn (1999)
[edit] Espionage / Service to Country
- Antonio Crus Artero (1946)
- Moe Berg[6]
- Whittaker Chambers (1984)
- Elaine Delhaye-Gill (1946)
- Joke Folmer (1946)
- Genevieve de Galard Terraube (1954)
- Walraven van Hall (1953)
- Andrée de Jongh (1945)
- Jean MacArthur (1988)
- Wilfrid Reid May (1947)
- Norman Holmes Pearson (1945)
- Claire Phillips (1951)
- Anna M. Rosenberg (1945)
- William Stephenson (1946)
- George Tenet (2004)
- Nancy Wake (1949)
- Fritz Zwicky (1949)
[edit] Foreign heads of state or government
- Tony Blair (2009)
- Lord Peter Carrington (1988)
- Don Luis A. Ferré (1991)
- Václav Havel (2003)
- John Howard (2009)
- Helmut Kohl (1999)
- Joseph Luns (1984)
- Nelson Mandela (2002)
- Wilma Mankiller (1998)
- Luis Muñoz Marín (1963 - Awarded with Special Distinction)
- Mary Robinson (2009)[3]
- Pope John XXIII (1963, posthumously)
- Pope John Paul II (2004)
- Carlos P. Romulo (1984)
- Anwar El Sadat (1984, posthumously)
- Ellen Johnson Sirleaf (2007)
- Margaret Thatcher (1991)
- Álvaro Uribe (2009)
[edit] Law
- Henry J. Friendly (1977)
- A. Leon Higginbotham, Jr. (1995)
- Oliver White Hill (1999)
- Frank Minis Johnson (1995)
- Irving Robert Kaufman (1987)
- Joseph Warren Madden (1947)
- Joseph L. Rauh, Jr. (1993, posthumously)
- Cruz Reynoso (2000)
- Laurence Silberman (2008)
- Elbert Tuttle (1981)
- John Minor Wisdom (1993)
[edit] Supreme Court Justices
- Associate Justice William J. Brennan, Jr. (1993)
- Chief Justice Warren E. Burger (1988)
- Associate Justice Felix Frankfurter (1963 - Awarded with Special Distinction)
- Associate Justice Arthur J. Goldberg (1978)
- Associate Justice Thurgood Marshall (1993)
- Associate Justice Sandra Day O'Connor (2009)[3]
- Chief Justice Earl Warren (1981, posthumously)
- Associate Justice Byron White (2003, posthumously)
[edit] Military
- Frank Berryman (1948)
- Omar Bradley (1977)
- Andrew Berry (1946) (?) See: this Talk Page
- Lieutenant Colonel Théodore-Lafleur Bullock (1946)[7]
- Arleigh Burke (1977)
- General Wesley Clark (2000)
- War Chief Joe Medicine Crow (2009)[3]
- Admiral William J. Crowe (2000)
- Jimmy Doolittle (1989)
- Tommy Franks (2004)
- Andrew Goodpaster (1961: military); (1984: international affairs)
- Gordon Gray (1961)
- General Lyman Lemnitzer (1987)
- Neil H. McElroy (1959)
- Richard B. Myers (2005)
- Jan Nowak-Jeziorański (1996)
- Peter Pace (2008)
- Colin Powell (1993)
- Donald Aubrey Quarles (1959, posthumously)
- Hyman Rickover (1980)
- Matthew B. Ridgeway (1986)
- H. Norman Schwarzkopf (1991)
- Fred Andrew Seaton (ca 1952)
- General John Shalikashvili (1997)
- Gunnar Sønsteby (1945)
- Paul Henri Charles Spaak (1961)
- John Paul Vann (1972)
- John Vessey (1992)
- James E. Webb (1969)
- Albert Coady Wedemeyer (1985)
- Charles E. Wilson (1957)
- Chuck Yeager (1985)
- Admiral Elmo R. Zumwalt, Jr. (1998)
- Women Airforce Service Pilots (2009)
[edit] U.S. Cabinet members
- Dean Acheson (1964 - Awarded with Distinction)
- Robert B. Anderson (1955)
- James Baker (1991)
- Malcolm Baldrige, Jr. (1988, posthumously)
- Harold Brown (1981)
- Zbigniew Brzezinski (1981)
- Richard Cheney, as Secretary of Defense (1991)
- Warren Christopher (1981)
- Clark Clifford (1969)
- William T. Coleman, Jr. (1995)
- C. Douglas Dillon (1989)
- James H. Douglas, Jr. (1961)
- John Foster Dulles (1959)
- Arthur Flemming (1957)
- Thomas S. Gates (1961)
- Averell Harriman (1969)
- Christian Herter (1961)
- Henry Kissinger (1977)
- Melvin Laird (1974)
- Robert A. Lovett (1963 - Awarded with Special Distinction)
- Robert S. McNamara (1968)
- Norman Mineta (2006)
- William Perry (1997)
- Colin Powell (twice)
- Elliot Richardson (1998)
- George Robertson, Baron Robertson of Port Ellen (2003)
- William P. Rogers (1973)
- Donald Rumsfeld (1977)
- Dean Rusk (1969)
- Donna Shalala (2008)
- George P. Shultz (1989)
- Cyrus Vance (1969)
- Caspar Weinberger (1987 - Awarded with Distinction)
[edit] U.S. First Ladies
- Rosalynn Carter (1999)
- Betty Ford (1991)
- Lady Bird Johnson (1977)[8]
- Nancy Reagan (2002)
[edit] U.S. members of Congress
- Senator Lloyd M. Bentsen (1999)
- Senator Edward W. Brooke (2004)
- Senator John H. Chafee (2000, posthumously)
- Senator Bob Dole (1997)
- Representative Dante B. Fascell (1998)
- Senator William Fulbright (1993)
- Senator Barry Goldwater (1986)
- Representative Henry Hyde (2007)
- Senator Henry M. Jackson (1984, posthumously)
- Senator Jacob K. Javits (1983)
- Representative Barbara Jordan (1994)
- Representative Walter Judd (1981)
- Representative Jack Kemp (2009, posthumously)[3]
- Senator Edward Kennedy (2009)[3]
- Representative Tom Lantos (2008)
- Representative Clare Boothe Luce (1983)
- Senator Mike Mansfield (1989)
- Senator George McGovern (2000)
- Representative Robert H. Michel (1994)
- Senator George J. Mitchell (1999)
- Representative G. V. (Sonny) Montgomery (2005)
- Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan (2000)
- Senator Ed Muskie (1981)
- Representative William H. Natcher (1994)
- Senator Gaylord Nelson (1995)
- Representative Tip O'Neill (1991)
- Representative Claude Pepper (1989)
- Senator Margaret Chase Smith (1989)
- Senator Strom Thurmond (1993)
- Representative Mo Udall (1996)
- Representative Carl Vinson (1964, awarded with Distinction)
[edit] U.S. presidents
- 35th President John F. Kennedy (1963, posthumously)[9]
- 36th President Lyndon B. Johnson (1980, posthumously)[10]
- 38th President Gerald Ford (1999)
- 39th President Jimmy Carter (1999)
- 40th President Ronald Reagan (1993)[11]
[edit] U.S. Vice Presidents
- Dick Cheney (1991)
- Hubert Humphrey (1980, posthumously)
- Nelson Rockefeller (1977)
[edit] Other political figures
- Howard Baker (1984)
- Eugene R. Black, Sr. (1969)
- James Brady (1996)
- Paul Bremer (2004)
- McGeorge Bundy (1969)
- Homer Morrison Byington (1946)
- Leo Cherne (1984)
- Arthur Flemming (1994)
- James P. Grant (1994)
- Ella T. Grasso (1981, posthumously)
- William J. Hopkins (1971)
- Max Kampelman (1999)
- Robert W. Komer (1967)
- Irving Kristol (2002)
- Herbert H. Lehman (1963)
- Eugene M. Locke (1967)
- John Macy (1969)
- John J. McCloy (1963 - Awarded with Special Distinction)
- John McCone (1987)
- George Meany (1963)
- Jean Monnet (1963 - Awarded with Special Distinction)
- Paul Nitze (1985)
- Javier Perez de Cuellar (1991)
- Norman Podhoretz (2004)
- Walt Rostow (1969)
- Brent Scowcroft (1991)
- Albert Shanker (1998, posthumously)
- Sargent Shriver (1994)
- Aung San Suu Kyi (2000)
- Vernon Walters (1991)
- William Webster (1991)
- Simon Wiesenthal (2000)
- Gero von Schulze-Gaevernitz (1945)
- Whitney Young (1969)
[edit] Religion
- Walter Hubert Baddeley (1945)
- Cardinal Joseph Bernardin (1996)
- Cardinal Terence Cooke (1984, posthumously)
- Horacio de la Costa (1946)
- Sister Isolina Ferré (1999)
- Dr. Billy Graham (1983)
- Gordon B. Hinckley (2004)
- Archbishop Iakovos of America (1980)
- Pope John XXIII (1963, posthumously)
- Pope John Paul II (2004)
- Reinhold Niebuhr (1964)
- Hugh O'Flaherty (1946)
- Norman Vincent Peale (1984)
- Rev. Gardner C. Taylor (2000)
- Mother Teresa (1985)
- Archbishop Desmond Tutu (2009)[3]
[edit] Sports
- Hank Aaron (2002)
- Muhammad Ali (2005)
- Arthur Ashe (1993, posthumously)
- Earl Blaik (1986)
- Paul "Bear" Bryant (1983, posthumously)
- Roberto Clemente (2002, posthumously)
- Joe DiMaggio (1977)
- Billie Jean King (2009)[3]
- Robert J. H. Kiphuth (1963)
- Jack Nicklaus (2005)
- Jesse Owens (1977)
- Buck O'Neil (2006)
- Arnold Palmer (2004)
- Richard Petty (1992)
- Frank Robinson (2005)
- Jackie Robinson (1984)
- Ted Williams (1991)
- John Wooden (2003)
[edit] Humanitarian
- Norman Borlaug (1977)
- Nancy Goodman Brinker (2009)[3]
- Millard Fuller (1996)
- John W. Gardner (1964)
- Frances Hesselbein (1998)
- Paul Rusesabagina (2005)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver (1984)
- Leon Sullivan (1991)
- Annie D. Wauneka (1963)
- Margaret Utinsky (1946)
[edit] Notes and references
- ^ Executive Order 11085 THE PRESIDENTIAL MEDAL OF FREEDOM, retrieved 2009-07-30
- ^ "Medal of Freedom Ceremony" (August 12, 2009), a news release, August 12, 2009, from the White House Press Secretary at whitehouse.gov, the White House's official website. Accessed August 22, 2009.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p "President Obama Names Medal of Freedom Recipients; 16 Agents of Change to Receive Top Civilian Honor". White House. July 30, 2009. http://www.whitehouse.gov/the_press_office/President-Obama-Names-Medal-of-Freedom-Recipients/. Retrieved 2009-08-12.
- ^ "Curriculum Vitae of I. M. Pei". Pei Cobb Freed & Partners. http://www.pcfandp.com/a/f/fme/imp/c/c.html. Retrieved 2009-07-20.
- ^ "President Bush Commemorates Foreign Policy Achievements and Presents Medal of Freedom to Ambassador Ryan Crocker". White House. January 15, 2009. http://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2009/01/20090115.html. Retrieved 2009-01-16.
- ^ Although Berg was better-known as a baseball player, he was awarded the medal in 1945 for his espionage activities during World War II. He turned down the medal during his lifetime; it was re-awarded after his death, with his sister accepting on his behalf.
- ^ Canada Gazette 31, 03/08/1946 / R22eR (General List)
- ^ Lady Bird Johnson Biography
- ^ Presidential Medal of Freedom - John F. Kennedy Presidential Library & Museum
- ^ JOHNSON, Lyndon Baines at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
- ^ "Remarks on presenting the Presidential Medal of Freedom to President Ronald Reagan-President George Bush-Transcript". The White House: Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents. January 18, 1993. http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2889/is_n2_v29/ai_13975210. Retrieved 2007-12-31.
[edit] External links
- Order re-establishing the Medal, from the website of the John F. Kennedy Library
- List of recent recipients, from the United States Senate website
- Presidentail Medal of Freedom Recipients By Year], 1945-2004
- CHRONOLOGICAL LIST OF MEDAL OF FREEDOM AWARDS, 1963-1993
- U.S. Medal of Freedom Recipients, 1954-1961
- U.S. Medal of Freedom Recipients, 1949
- U.S. Medal of Freedom Recipients, 1948 (none)
- U.S. Medal of Freedom Recipients, 1947
- U.S. Medal of Freedom Recipients, 1946
- U.S. Medal of Freedom Recipients, 1945
- President Obama Names Medal of Freedom Recipients, 2009
- The Political Graveyard: Politicians Who Received the Medal of Freedom (also known as the "Presidential Medal of Freedom")
[edit] Offline materials
- Wetterau, Bruce. The Presidential Medal of Freedom: Winners and Their Achievements. pp. 513. ISBN 9781568021287. - contains a list of awardees from 1963 to approximately 1995.