List of Presidents of Vietnam

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The President of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (Vietnamese: Chủ tịch nước Cộng hoa xa hoi chu nghia Viet Nam), known as Chairman of the Council of State (Vietnamese: Chủ tịch Hội đồng Nhà nước) from 1981 to 1992, is the head of state of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. The president represents Vietnam internally and externally, supervises the work as well as preserving the stability of the national governmental system and safeguards the independence and territorial integrity of the country. The President appoints prime minister, vice presidents, ministers and other officials with the consent of the National Assembly. The head of state is the commander-in-chief of the Vietnam People's Armed Forces and Chairman of the Council for Defence and Security, an organ of the National Assembly. Since Vietnam is a one-party state, with the Communist Party of Vietnam being the sole party allowed by the constitution, all the presidents of the Democratic Republic and the Socialist Republic have been members of the party while holding office. The current president is Truong Tan Sang, since 25 July 2011. He is ranked first in the Politburo hierarchy.

The modern office of the President of the Socialist Republic traces its lineage back to Ho Chi Minh, the first President of the Democratic Republic, and the office has no connection, or lineage, officially at least, to the heads of state of the former South Vietnam (with the exception being Nguyen Huu Tho, a communist and the last head of state of South Vietnam). Officially there have been 9 presidents of Vietnam, but there have, in total, been 14 presidents if the ones of South Vietnam are counted.

Presidents of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (1945–1976)

No.		Name	Took office	Left office	Rank	National Assembly	Portrait
1	1	Ho Chi Minh (1890–1969)	2 September 1945	2 September 1969	1	1st convocation (1946–1960)
						2nd convocation (1960–1964)
						3rd convocation (1964–1971)
—	—	Ton Duc Thang (1888–1980)	3 September 1969	23 September 1969	—	3rd convocation (1964–1971)	—
2	2		23 September 1969	2 July 1976	—	4th convocation (1971–1975)
						5th convocation (1975–1976)

Chairman of the Consultative Council of South Vietnam (1969–1976)

No.		Name	Took office	Left office	Prime Minister	Portrait
3	1	Nguyen Huu Tho (1910–1996)	8 June 1969	2 July 1976	Huynh Tan Phat (1913–1989)

Heads of state of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (1976–present)

No.		Title	Name	Took office	Left office	Rank	National Assembly	Portrait
2	1	President	Ton Duc Thang (1888–1980)	2 July 1976	30 March 1980	—	6th convocation (1976–1981)	—
—	—	Acting President	Nguyen Huu Tho (1910–1996)	30 March 1980	4 July 1981	—	6th convocation (1976–1981)
4	2	Chairman of the State Council	Truong Chinh (1907–1988)	4 July 1981	17 June 1987	2	7th convocation (1981–1987)
						1
						—
5	3	Chairman of the State Council	Vo Chi Cong (1912–2011)	18 June 1987	24 September 1992	3	8th convocation (1987–1992)	—
6	4	President	Le Duc Anh (1920–present)	24 September 1992	24 September 1997	2	9th convocation (1992–1997)	—
7	5	President	Tran Duc Luong (1937–present)	24 September 1997	27 June 2006	2	10th convocation (1997–2002)
							11th convocation (2002–2007)
8	6	President	Nguyen Minh Triet (1942–present)	27 June 2006	25 July 2011	4	11th convocation (2002–2007)
							12th convocation (2007–2011)
9	7	President	Truong Tan Sang (1949–present)	25 July 2011	Incumbent	1	13th convocation (2011–2016)

See also

• Leaders of South Vietnam

≠≈″″≈==Notes==

1.^ The Politburo of the Central Committee is the highest decision-making body of the CPV and the Central Government. The membership composition, and the order of rank of the individual Politburo members is decided in an election within the newly-formed Central Committee in the aftermath of a Party Congress. The Central Committee can overrule the Politburo, but that does not h—appen often.

2.^ These numbers are official. The "—" denotes acting head of state. The first column shows how many presidents there have been in Vietnamese history, while the second show how many presidents there was in that state.

3.^ The Central Committee when it convenes for its first session after being elected by a National Party Congress elects the Politburo. According to David Koh, in interviews with several high-standing Vietnamese officials, the Politburo ranking is based upon the number of approval votes by the Central Committee. Lê Hồng Anh, the Minister of Public Security, was ranked 2nd in the 10th Politburo because he received the second-highest number of approval votes. Another example being Tô Huy Rứa of the 10th Politburo, he was ranked lowest because he received the lowest approval vote of the 10th Central Committee when he standing for election for a seat in the Politburo. This system was implemented at the 1st plenum of the 10th Central Committee. The Politburo ranking functioned as an official order of precedence before the 10th Party Congress, and some believe it still does.

4.^ Died in office.

5.^ Trường Chinh was ranked 1st in the Politburo hierarchy when Lê Duẩn, the General Secretary of the Central Committee, died on 10 July 1986.

Bibliography

• Koh, David (July/August 2008). "Leadership Changes at the 10th Congress of the Vietnamese Communist Party". Asian Survey 48 (4): 650–672. doi:10.1525/as.2008.48.4.650. JSTOR 3738744. 
• Van, Canh Nguyen; Cooper, Earle (1983). Vietnam under Communism, 1975–1982. Hoover Press. ISBN 9780817978518.