List of Presidents of the United States by military service

The United States Constitution names the President of the United States the commander in chief of the U.S. armed forces. However, previous service in the military is not a pre-requisite for the position of president. As of the 2008 presidential election, no member of the U.S. Marine Corps or U.S. Coast Guard has yet been elected President. The most frequent military experience is Army/Army Reserve with 15 presidents, followed by State Militias at 9, Navy/Naval Reserve at 6 and the Continental Army with 2 presidents serving. The following list outlines the military service of each president before becoming the commander in chief.

See also: List of United States Presidents by military rank

President	Service	Rank	Active Service
Barack Obama	None	None	None
George W. Bush	Texas Air National Guard	First Lieutenant	Stateside service during Vietnam War (1968–1973).
Bill Clinton	None	None	None
George H. W. Bush	United States Naval Reserve	Lieutenant	World War II (1942–1945) Distinguished Flying Cross
Ronald Reagan	United States Army Reserve, United States Army Air Corps	Captain	Stateside service during World War II (1942–1945); Army Reserve (1937–1942) See also: List of United States Presidents by military rank and Ronald Reagan for more information on military service.
Jimmy Carter	United States Navy	Lieutenant	World War II at the United States Naval Academy Sea duty and stateside service 1946-1953 during the Korean War
Gerald Ford	United States Naval Reserve	Lieutenant Commander	World War II (1942–1945; combat on USS Monterey, discharged in 1946)
Richard Nixon	United States Naval Reserve	Commander	World War II (1942–1945) Earned two Service Stars
Lyndon B. Johnson	United States Naval Reserve	Commander	World War II received Silver Star medal after airplane he was riding in was attacked by enemy aircraft
John F. Kennedy	United States Navy	Lieutenant	World War II received Navy and Marine Corps Medal and Purple Heart
Dwight D. Eisenhower	United States Army	General of the Army	Stateside service during World War I. Served as Supreme Allied Commander in Europe during World War II (1942–1945). Visited troops in Korea in December 1952. Entire active-duty career spanned from 1915 until 1969 (excepting his two terms as president and Commander-in-Chief).
Harry S. Truman	Missouri National Guard United States Army, United States Army Reserve	Colonel	Stateside National Guard service in Missouri (1905-1911); World War I (1917–1918); transferred to Army Reserve and retired in 1953.
Franklin D. Roosevelt	None	None	None; Assistant Secretary of the Navy in World War I. Attempted to resign in order to enter uniformed service, but resignation not accepted. Visited France to observe military activities first hand.
Herbert Hoover	None	None	None; helped guide US Marines in 1900 during the Boxer Rebellion
Calvin Coolidge	None	None	None
Warren G. Harding	None	None	None
Woodrow Wilson	None	None	None
William Howard Taft	None	None	None; United States Secretary of War 1904-1908
Theodore Roosevelt	United States Army	Colonel	Spanish–American War – only U.S. President to receive the Medal of Honor (awarded posthumously in 2001). Also a Navy Civilian, as Assistant Secretary of the Navy
William McKinley	United States Army	Brevet Major	American Civil War. Served in the 23rd Ohio Infantry under future President Rutherford B. Hayes; fought in the Battle of South Mountain, The Battle of Antietam, and in the Valley Campaigns of 1864.
Benjamin Harrison	United States Army	Brigadier General	American Civil War; Commanded an Infantry Brigade at the battles of Resaca, New Hope Church, Kennesaw Mountain, Marietta, Peachtree Creek and Atlanta; also Commanded a Brigade during Sherman's March to the Sea.
Grover Cleveland	None	None	Paid George Benninsky $150 to take his place after Cleveland was drafted during Civil War under Conscription Act of 1863.
Chester A. Arthur	New York State Militia	Brigadier General	Served as Quartermaster General before and during the American Civil War (1858–1865).
James Garfield	United States Army	Major General	American Civil War (1861–1863; commanded an Ohio Infantry Brigade at the Battles of Shiloh and Corinth; served as Chief of Staff for General William Rosecrans at the Battle of Chickamauga; left the army to serve in the United States House of Representatives).
Rutherford B. Hayes	United States Army	Major General	American Civil War. Served in the 23rd Ohio Infantry and commanded future President William McKinley; wounded at the Battle of South Mountain; also served at the Battle of Antietam and in the Valley Campaigns of 1864.
Ulysses S. Grant	United States Army	General of the Army	Mexican-American War and American Civil War; served 1843-1854 and 1861-1868.
Andrew Johnson	United States Army	Brigadier General	American Civil War; served as Military Governor of Tennessee in 1862.
Abraham Lincoln	Illinois State Militia	Captain	Black Hawk War (served three months in 1832); see Abraham Lincoln in the Black Hawk War.
James Buchanan	Pennsylvania State Militia	Private	War of 1812
Franklin Pierce	United States Army	Brigadier General	Mexican-American War; commanded an Infantry Brigade at the Battle of Contreras (where his leg was injured), Battle of Churubusco, and the Assault on Mexico City.
Millard Fillmore	New York State Militia	Major	American Civil War
Zachary Taylor	United States Army	Major General	War of 1812, Black Hawk War, Second Seminole War, Mexican-American War; entire career spanned from 1808 until 1848.
James K. Polk	Tennessee State Militia	Colonel	Joined local militia, but did not see war service
John Tyler	United States Army	Captain	War of 1812
William Henry Harrison	United States Army	Major General	Northwest Indian War, War of 1812
Martin Van Buren	None	None	None; as State Senator during War of 1812 worked to pass war measures, including bills to expand New York militia and increase soldier pay. Prosecutor of William Hull at court-martial after surrender of Detroit.
Andrew Jackson	Tennessee State Militia, United States Army	Major General	American Revolutionary War, War of 1812, Creek War, First Seminole War
John Quincy Adams	None	None	None; however he was a witness to Battle of Bunker Hill in 1775 and reportedly was a non-participant in a Naval Battle between a British ship and a US ship he was on with his father during the American Revolution.
James Monroe	Continental Army	Major	American Revolutionary War; wounded at the Battle of Trenton; depicted holding the American flag behind General George Washington in the famous painting Washington Crossing the Delaware.
James Madison	Virginia militia	Colonel	American Revolutionary War, did not see action
Thomas Jefferson	Virginia militia	Colonel	Administrative position, did not see action. As Governor of Virginia, fled during British raid to avoid capture
John Adams	None	None	Adams served as chairman of the Continental Congress's Board of War (1776–1777), making him the simultaneous equivalent of today's Secretary of Defense and Chairman of Senate Armed Services Committee; was a semi-participant in a naval engagement between a British and US ship during the American Revolution.
George Washington	Virginia militia, Virginia Regiment, Continental Army	General of the Armies	French and Indian War, American Revolutionary War