List of Salvia species

Salvia is the largest genus of plants in the family Lamiaceae, with the number of species estimated to range from 700 to nearly 1,000. Members include shrubs, herbaceous perennials, and annuals. There are three main regions of radiation of Salvia: Central and South America, with approximately 500 species; central Asia and the Mediterranean with approx. 250 species; eastern Asia with approximately 90 species.

The naming of distinct Salvia species has undergone regular revision, with many species being renamed, merged, and reclassified over the years. Salvia officinalis (common sage), for example, has been cultivated for thousands of years, yet has been named and described under six different scientific names since 1940. At one time there were over 2,000 named species and subspecies. The most recent revision, by Gabriel Alziar of the Jardin botanique de la Ville de Nice, has consolidated the number of different species to approximately 700. As new discoveries are made, the taxonomic list of Salvia species will continue to change.

The first significant accounting of the genus was done by George Bentham in 1832-1836, based on a similarity in staminal morphology between Salvia members. His work, Labiatarum Genera et Species (1836), is still the most comprehensive organization of Salvia. Even though there were only 291 species at that time, he still considered the possibility of forming five or six genera, due to differences between certain groups of Salvia. Bentham eventually organized the genus into four subgenera and twelve sections, based on differences in the corolla, calyx, and stamens. In the last 100 years, that system of organization is generally not endorsed by botanists.

The classification of Salvia has long been based on the genus' unusual pollination and stamen structure, which was presumed to have evolved only once. More recently, a study using DNA sequencing of Salvia species has shown that different versions of this lever mechanism have evolved at least three different times within Salvia. This clearly makes the genus non-monophyletic, which means that members of the genus have evolved from different ancestors, rather than sharing one common ancestor. The DNA analysis has shown that the genus may consist of as many as three different clades, or branches. The study concluded that Salvia is not a natural genus—some of its branches have a closer relationship to other genera in the tribe Mentheae than to other Salvia species.

A

Salvia austriaca

Salvia apiana flower

Salvia africana-lutea

• Salvia abbottii Urb., 1922.
• Salvia absconditiflora Greuter & Burdet, 1985.
• Salvia abyssinica L.F., 1782.
• Salvia abyssinica Hochst. ex Engl., 1891
• Salvia abyssinica Jacq., 1781-86
• Salvia abyssinica R.Br.
• Salvia acaulis Vahl, 1804
• Salvia acetabulosa L., 1767
• Salvia acuminata Ruiz & Pav, 1798.
• Salvia acuminata Vent., 1800.
• Salvia acuminatissima Steud., 1841
• Salvia acutata Brot.
• Salvia acutifolia Ruiz & Pav., 1798.
• Salvia adenoclada Briq., 1898.
• Salvia adenophora Fernald, 1900.
• Salvia adenostachya Juz., 1951
• Salvia adglutinans Lag., 1816.
• Salvia adiantifolia E.Peter, 1935.
• Salvia adoxoides C.Y. Wu, 1977.
• Salvia aegyptiaca L., 1753.
• Salvia aequidens Botsch.
• Salvia aequidistans Fernald, 1900.
• Salvia aerea H. Lév.,1913.
• Salvia aerea var. aerea.
• Salvia aethiopis L., 1753.
• Salvia affinis Cham. & Schltdl., 1830.
• Salvia affinis Leonard, 1927.
• Salvia africana L., 1762
• Salvia africana-caerulea L.
• Salvia africana-lutea L.
• Salvia agglutinans Roem. & Schult.
• Salvia agnes Epling.
• Salvia alamosana Rose, 1891.
• Salvia alariformis L.O. Williams, 1972.
• Salvia alata Epling, 1960.
• Salvia alatipetiolata Sun, 1960.
• Salvia alba J. R. I. Wood
• Salvia albicans Fernald, 1901.
• Salvia albicaulis Benth.
• Salvia albicaulis var. dregeana (Bentham) Skan.
• Salvia albiflora M. Martens & Galeotti, 1844.
• Salvia albimaculata Hedge & Huber-Morath.
• Salvia albo-caerulea Linden, 1857.
• Salvia albopileata Epling, 1940.
• Salvia albopilosa Epling.
• Salvia alborosea Epling & Játiva, 1966.
• Salvia alexandri Pobed.
• Salvia alexeenkoi Pobed.
• Salvia algeriensis Desf.
• Salvia altimitrata Epling, 1938.
• Salvia altissima Pohl.
• Salvia alvajaca Oerst., 1854.
• Salvia amara Jacq., 1798.
• Salvia amarissima Ortega, 1797.
• Salvia amasiaca Freyn & Bornm.
• Salvia ambigens Briq.
• Salvia amethystina Sm., 1790.
• Salvia amethystina subsp. amethystina.
• Salvia amethystina subsp. ampelophylla (Epling) J.R.I. Wood & Harley, 1989.
• Salvia amissa Epling
• Salvia ampelophylla Epling, 1935.
• Salvia amplexicaulis Lam.
• Salvia amplifrons Briq., 1896.
• Salvia anaglypha Briq., 1898.
• Salvia anastomosans Ramamoorthy, 1984.
• Salvia ancistrocarpha Fernald, 1904.
• Salvia anatolica Hamzaoğlu & A.Duran
• Salvia andreji Pobed.
• Salvia angulata Benth., 1835.
• Salvia angustifolia Michx., 1803.
• Salvia angustifolia Cav., 1797.
• Salvia angustifolia var. angustifolia.
• Salvia angustifolia var. glabra A. Gray.
• Salvia anhweiensis Migo, 1939.
• Salvia anomala Vaniot, 1904.
• Salvia antennifera Briq.
• Salvia apiana Jeps., 1908.
• Salvia apiana var. compacta Munz.
• Salvia appendiculata E. Peter, 1935.
• Salvia aramiensis Rech. f., 1950.
• Salvia arbuscula Fernald, 1910.
• Salvia arduinervis Urb. & Ekman, 1926.
• Salvia arenaria St.Hilaire.
• Salvia arenaria var. sellowiana Benth.
• Salvia areolata Epling, 1944.
• Salvia argentea L.
• Salvia argutifolia Epling.
• Salvia aridicola Briq.
• Salvia arisanensis Hayata, 1919.
• Salvia aristata Aucher ex Benth., 1848
• Salvia aristulata M. Martens & Galeotti, 1844.
• Salvia arizonica A. Gray
• Salvia armeniaca (Bordz.) Grossh.
• Salvia arthrocoma Fernald, 1907.
• Salvia articulata Epling, 1936.
• Salvia aspera M. Martens & Galeotti, 1844.
• Salvia asperata Falc. ex Benth., 1848
• Salvia asperifolia Benth.
• Salvia aspidophylla Roem. & Schult., 1822.
• Salvia assurgens Kunth, 1818.
• Salvia atriplicifolia Fernald, 1900.
• Salvia atrocalyx Epling, 1935.
• Salvia atrocaulis Fernald, 1907.
• Salvia atrocyanea Epling.
• Salvia atropaenulata Epling, 1939.
• Salvia atropatana Bge.
• Salvia atropurpurea C.Y. Wu, 1977.
• Salvia atrorubra C.Y. Wu, 1977.
• Salvia aurita L.
• Salvia australis Epling, 1937.
• Salvia austriaca Jacq.
• Salvia austromelissodora Epling & Játiva, 1966.
• Salvia avicularis Briq., 1896.
• Salvia axillaris Moc. & Sessé, 1833.
• Salvia axilliflora Epling.
• Salvia ayavacensis Kunth, 1818.
• Salvia ayayacensis Kunth.
• Salvia azurea Lam., 1805.
• Salvia azurea var. grandiflora Benth.

B

Salvia blepharophylla

Salvia buchananii

• Salvia baimaensis
• Salvia ballotiflora Benth.
• Salvia barrelieri Etlinger
• Salvia bifidocalyx
• Salvia blancoana Webb & Heldr. ex Walp.
• Salvia blepharophylla Brandegee ex Epling
• Salvia blogdettii Chapm.
• Salvia bowleyana Dunn
• Salvia brachyloma
• Salvia brandegeei Munz
• Salvia breviconnectivata
• Salvia brevilabra Franch.
• Salvia broussonetii Benth.
• Salvia buchananii Hedge
• Salvia bulleyana

C

Salvia chiapensis

Salvia clevelandii

Salvia coccinea

• Salvia cacaliifolia Benth.
• Salvia caespitosa
• Salvia camarifolia Benth.
• Salvia campanulata
• Salvia canariensis
• Salvia candelabrum
• Salvia candidissima
• Salvia cardenasii J. R. I. Wood
• Salvia carduacea Benth.
• Salvia canescens
• Salvia castanea
• Salvia cavaleriei
• Salvia caymanensis Millsp. & Uline ex Millsp.
• Salvia cedrosensis
• Salvia chamaedryoides
• Salvia chamelaeagnea
• Salvia chapmanii Gray
• Salvia chiapensis Fernald
• Salvia chicamochae J.R.I. Wood & Harley
• Salvia chienii
• Salvia chinensis
• Salvia chionophylla
• Salvia chunganensis
• Salvia cinica Migo
• Salvia clevelandii Greene
• Salvia clusii
• Salvia coahuilensis
• Salvia coccinea
• Salvia columbariae
• Salvia confertiflora
• Salvia coriana Quedensley & Véliz
• Salvia corrugata
• Salvia coulteri
• Salvia cryptantha
• Salvia cuatrecasana Epling
• Salvia curticalyx
• Salvia cyanocephala Epling
• Salvia cyanotropha Epling
• Salvia cyclostegia
• Salvia cyanescens
• Salvia cynica Dunn

D

Salvia desoleana

Salvia dorisiana

• Salvia dabieshanensis
• Salvia darcyi
• Salvia davidsonii Greenm.
• Salvia dentata
• Salvia deserta
• Salvia desoleana Atzei & V. Picci
• Salvia digitaloides
• Salvia discolor
• Salvia disermas
• Salvia disjuncta
• Salvia divinorum
• Salvia dolichantha E. Peter
• Salvia dolomitica
• Salvia dombeyi
• Salvia dominica
• Salvia dorisiana
• Salvia dorrii

E

Salvia elegans

• Salvia ecuadorensis
• Salvia eigii
• Salvia ekimiana F. Celep & Doğan
• Salvia elegans
• Salvia engelmannii Gray
• Salvia eremostachya Jepson
• Salvia evansiana
• Salvia exserta Griseb.

F

Salvia farinacea

• Salvia falcata J.R.I. Wood & Harley
• Salvia farinacea Benth.
• Salvia filicifolia
• Salvia flava
• Salvia flocculosa
• Salvia forreri
• Salvia forsskaolii
• Salvia fragarioides
• Salvia freyniana
• Salvia frigida Boiss.
• Salvia fruticosa
• Salvia fulgens
• Salvia funckii Briq.
• Salvia funerea

G

Salvia gesneriiflora

• Salvia gesneriflora Lindl. & Paxton
• Salvia gilliesii
• Salvia glutinosa
• Salvia graciliramulosa Epling & Játiva
• Salvia grandifolia
• Salvia greatae Brandeg.
• Salvia greggii
• Salvia glechomifolia
• Salvia grewiifolia S.Moore
• Salvia guaranitica

H

Salvia iodantha

• Salvia handelii
• Salvia hayatae
• Salvia heldreichiana Boiss.
• Salvia henryi Gray
• Salvia heterochroa
• Salvia hians
• Salvia hierosolymitana
• Salvia himmelbaurii
• Salvia hirtella
• Salvia hispanica
• Salvia holwayi
• Salvia honania
• Salvia humboltiana
• Salvia hupehensis
• Salvia hylocharis
• Salvia hypargeia Fich. & Mey.

I

• Salvia indica
• Salvia interrupta
• Salvia involucrata
• Salvia iodantha Fernald

J

• Salvia japonica
• Salvia judaica
• Salvia jurisicii

K

Salvia karwinskii

• Salvia keerlii Benth.
• Salvia karwinskii Benth.
• Salvia kiangsiensis
• Salvia kiaometiensis
• Salvia kopetdaghensis Kudr.
• Salvia koyamae Makino

L

Salvia lanceolata

• Salvia lanceolata Lam.
• Salvia lanigera Poir.
• Salvia lankongensis
• Salvia lasiocephala Hook. & Arn.
• Salvia lavandulifolia Vahl
• Salvia lemmonii Gray
• Salvia leptophylla Benth.
• Salvia leucantha Cav.
• Salvia leucocephala
• Salvia leucophylla
• Salvia libanensis Rusby
• Salvia liguliloba
• Salvia littae Visiani
• Salvia lobbii
• Salvia longispicata‎ Martius & Galleoti
• Salvia longistyla
• Salvia loxensis
• Salvia lycioides Gray
• Salvia lyrata

M

Salvia madrensis

• Salvia macrophylla Benth.
• Salvia macrosiphon Boiss., 1844
• Salvia macrostachya
• Salvia madrensis Seem.
• Salvia mairei
• Salvia marashica
• Salvia maximowicziana Hemsl.
• Salvia meiliensis
• Salvia mekongensis
• Salvia melaleuca Epling
• Salvia mellifera
• Salvia melissodora Lag.
• Salvia merjamie Forssk.
• Salvia micrantha Vahl
• Salvia mexicana L.
• Salvia microphylla Benth.
• Salvia miltiorrhiza
• Salvia miniata
• Salvia misella Kunth
• Salvia mohavensis
• Salvia moorcroftiana Wall. ex Benth.
• Salvia multicaulis
• Salvia muelleri Epling
• Salvia muirii L. Bol.
• Salvia munzii Epling

N

Salvia nemorosa

• Salvia namaensis Schinz
• Salvia nanchuanensis
• Salvia napifolia Jacq.
• Salvia nemorosa L.
• Salvia nilotica
• Salvia nipponica Miq.
• Salvia nubicola Wall. ex Sweet
• Salvia nubigena J.R.I. Wood & Harley
• Salvia nutans L.

O

• Salvia occidentalis Sw.
• Salvia officinalis L.
• Salvia omeiana
• Salvia ophiocephala J. R. I. Wood
• Salvia oppositiflora Ruiz & Pav.
• Salvia orbignaei Benth.
• Salvia orthostachys Epling
• Salvia oxyphora Briq.

P

Salvia patens

• Salvia pachyphylla Epling
• Salvia palaestina Benth.
• Salvia paohsingensis
• Salvia paramiltiorrhiza
• Salvia parryi Gray
• Salvia patens Cav.
• Salvia pauciflora
• Salvia pauciserrata
• Salvia pentstemonoides Kunth & Bouché
• Salvia peregrina
• Salvia personata Epling
• Salvia piasezkii
• Salvia pinguifolia Woot. & Standl.
• Salvia plebeia
• Salvia plectranthoides
• Salvia pogonochila
• Salvia polystachya Ortega
• Salvia potaninii Krylov
• Salvia potus Epling
• Salvia pratensis
• Salvia prattii
• Salvia prionitis
• Salvia prunelloides Kunth
• Salvia przewalskii Maxim.
• Salvia pseudomisella
• Salvia pulchella
• Salvia purpurea Cav.

Q

• Salvia qimenensis
• Salvia quitensis

R

• Salvia radula Benth.
• Salvia recognita Fisch. & Meyer
• Salvia recurva Benth.
• Salvia reflexa Hornem.
• Salvia regla Cav.
• Salvia repens Benth.
• Salvia reptans Jacq.
• Salvia ringens Sibth. & Sm.
• Salvia riparia Kunth
• Salvia roborowskii Maxim.
• Salvia roemeriana Scheele
• Salvia rubescens Kunth
• Salvia rubriflora Epling
• Salvia rypara Briq.

S

Salvia splendens

• Salvia sagittata Ruiz & Pav.
• Salvia scabra L.
• Salvia scapiformis
• Salvia schizocalyx
• Salvia schizochila
• Salvia sclarea
• Salvia scutellarioides Kunth
• Salvia semiatrata Zucc.
• Salvia serotina L.
• Salvia serpyllifolia Fernald
• Salvia sessei Benth.
• Salvia shannoni Donn.Sm.
• Salvia sikkimensis
• Salvia sinica
• Salvia sinaloensis
• Salvia smithii
• Salvia somalensis Vatke
• Salvia sonchifolia
• Salvia sonomensis
• Salvia sordida Benth.
• Salvia spathacea
• Salvia splendens
• Salvia sprucei
• Salvia staminea Montbr. & Aucher ex Benth.
• Salvia stenophylla Burch. ex Benth.
• Salvia subincisa Benth.
• Salvia subpalmatinervis
• Salvia substolonifera
• Salvia x superba
• Salvia summa A. Nels.
• Salvia x sylvestris

T

• Salvia taraxacifolia Coss. & Bal. ex Hook.
• Salvia texana Torr.
• Salvia thermarum van Jaarsv.
• Salvia thomasiana Urban
• Salvia thymoides Benth.
• Salvia tiliifolia Vahl
• Salvia tingitana Etl.
• Salvia tolimensis Kunth
• Salvia trachyphylla
• Salvia transsylvanica Schur
• Salvia tricuspis
• Salvia trijuga
• Salvia tubiflora Sm.

U

Salvia urica

• Salvia uliginosa Benth.
• Salvia umbratica
• Salvia unguella
• Salvia uribei J.R.I. Wood & Harley
• Salvia urica Epling
• Salvia urticifolia L.

V

Salvia verbenaca

• Salvia vanhouttei
• Salvia vaseyi Parish
• Salvia vasta
• Salvia veneris
• Salvia venulosa Epling
• Salvia verbenaca L.
• Salvia verticillata
• Salvia villosa Fernald
• Salvia vinacea Woot. & Standl.
• Salvia viridis
• Salvia viscosa Jacq.

W

• Salvia wagneriana Pol.
• Salvia wardii E. Peter
• Salvia weihaiensis
• Salvia whitehousei Alziar

Y

• Salvia yunnanensis
• Salvia yosgadensis