List of Southern Hemisphere tornadoes and tornado outbreaks

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search

Parent article: List of tornadoes and tornado outbreaks

 This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (June 2011)


These are some notable tornadoes, tornado outbreaks, and tornado outbreak sequences that have occurred in the Southern Hemisphere.

  1. For purposes of the list, all of Africa is included as within the Southern Hemisphere and the Arabian Peninsula is included within Southwest Asia.

Contents

[edit] Australia

See also: List of tropical cyclones#Australian tropical cyclones

Despite popular belief on the contrary, destructive tornadoes do occur in Australia from time to time. Approximately 20 tornadoes are thought to occur in Australia each year.[1] At least 41 tornado related deaths have been recorded in Australia in the past century but no recorded deaths in 35 years.[2]

Tornado Event Date Area Tornadoes Casualties Notes
Brighton tornado 2 February 1918 Victoria 3 >2 fatalities Known as the 'Brighton Cyclone',[3] these tornadoes hit the suburb of Brighton, a suburb of Melbourne. At one location two tornado tracks crossed, creating (in the language of the day) a "veritable orgy of destruction".[4] In the few minutes that the storm lasted, two people were killed and many others injured. Wind speeds were estimated at 320 km/h (Fujita rating F3), making this possibly the most intense tornado to hit a major Australian city.[5]
Dwellingup tornado 16 April 1954 Western Australia 1 0 fatalities Rated F-3, through Jarrah forest along an 10 km path, and up to 200m wide near Lyalls Mill.[6]
Collie tornado 6 April 1960 Western Australia 1 0 fatalities Rated F-3, large and very destructive tornado destroyed a Jarrah forest near Collie, Western Australia. Total path length was 32 km, and 250m wide.[7]
Busselton tornado 10 July 1964 Western Australia 1 1 fatality 1 person was killed when his car was pulled off the road by a tornado near Busselton.[8]
Bulahdelah tornado 1 January 1970 New South Wales 1 0 fatalities One of the strongest Australian tornadoes, believed to be at least F4 possibly F5. Left a damage path 21 kilometres (13 mi) long and 1–1.6 km (0.6–1 mi) wide through the Bulahdelah State Forest. According to reports, it threw a two ton tractor 100 m (328 ft) through the air, depositing it upside down. It is estimated that the tornado destroyed over one million trees.[1]
Kin Kin tornado 14 August 1971 Queensland 1 3 fatalities Three people killed at Kin Kin (a small community between Gympie and Noosa). This is the deadliest tornado recorded in Australia to date.[4]
Brisbane tornado 4 November 1973 Queensland 1, other funnels reported 0 fatalities Perhaps most destructive Australian tornado. It had a path length of 51 km, and peak wind-speeds are estimated to be in excess of 300 km/h. 500 houses were unroofed, 1,400 destroyed and 500 declared 'structurally unsafe'. At least one home was swept away from it's foundation. Rated F3.[9][10]
Port Hedland tornado 17 December 1975 Western Australia 1 0 fatalities A spectacular tornado with a purple funnel was on the ground right in front of the weather bureau.[11]
Sandon tornado 13 November 1976 Victoria 3 2 fatalities Strong F2 or an F3. Fatalities occurred when a car was thrown by the tornado with occupants inside. This tornado from the outbreak caused $300,000 in damage.[12]
Northam tornado 21 December 1977 Western Australia 1 0 fatalities Described as a most Beautiful Australian tornado due to the colour of the vortex being red from picking up the red-coloured dirt. Path length 6–7 km and it uprooted several large gum trees.[13]
SE QLD tornadoes 24 December 1989 South East Queensland >1 - A massive supercell (with cloud tops as high as 77,000 feet) tore through Brisbane and parts of SE QLD, producing several tornadoes along its path. A combination of straight line winds and a tornado unroofed 500 houses, damaged 1000 and left 12 structurally unsafe in the city of Redcliffe (approximately 25 km north of Brisbane).[14]
SE QLD tornadoes 29 November 1992 Queensland, 2 0 fatalities The tornado at Bucca (west of Bundaberg, Queensland) is said to be the most intense Australian tornado, rated F4 officially. Hail the size of cricket balls accompanied the storm.[4] A tornado also struck Oakhurst rated F3.
Tucabia tornado 1 November 1993 New South Wales 1 0 fatalities Rated F2 with 200m base, accompanied by golf ball sized hail and lasted for 20 minutes. 8 houses totally destroyed, 35 others damaged. 2 people injured.[15]
Merimbula tornado 16 April 1995 New South Wales 2 0 fatalities, 34 injuries An F2 tornado ripped through the centre of the town of Merimbula in SE New South Wales. 34 people were injured, approximately 200 buildings were damaged, 12 were destroyed. Two funnels were reported in the storm, which also caused damage at nearby Pambula.[16]
New South Wales tornado outbreak 29 September 1996 Central New South Wales 3 confirmed 0, fatalities The largest outbreak of severe thunderstorms ever documented in NSW occurs. Three tornadoes, hail up to 7 cm and wind gusts to 156 km/h are reported. Over $92 million insured loss from hail and wind is sustained at Armidale, NSW. Total estimated cost for the region is $340 million.[17] 3 tornadoes confirmed at Bundella, Gilgandra and Elong Elong.[18]
Perth tornado 15 July 1996 Western Australia 1 0, fatalities
5, injured		 Short lived tornado associated with a cold front. This was indicated by the tornado's speed (approx. 80 km/h) and path (approx. 4 km long and 40m wide) which gave it a total time on earth of approx only 3 minutes.[19]
Fremantle tornado 25 August 1999 Western Australia 1 0 A tornado went through Fremantle, south of Perth, leaving a 100 metre wide 8-9 kilometre long track. Several people were trapped in an apartment block when the tornado caused the roof to collapse.[20]
Greystanes tornado 3 November 2000 New South Wales 3 Confirmed 0 fatalities A tornadic thunderstorm moved through the Sydney Metropolitan Area over the afternoon/early evening. Three F0/F1 tornado's struck several suburbs including Constitution Hill, Wentworthville, Pendle Hill and Greystanes. Golf ball sized hail, the widespread downing of trees and overhead powerlines were observed during the damage survey as was minor to moderate damage to structure.[21]
South coast tornado 26 December 2001 Off the south coast of New South Wales, Australia 1 0 fatalities During the Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race, the boat Nicorette recorded wind speeds of close to 100 knots (115 mph, 185 km/h, 51 m/s) (making the tornado at least F2) and was struck by hail the size of golf balls. According to the boat's meteorologist, the tornado began with a diameter of around 50 meters (165 ft), but grew in size until it was 500 meters (1640 ft) across.[22]
South Australia tornado outbreak 18 May 2002 South Australia 2 0 fatalities Two tornadoes associated with a strong cold front occurred in the morning. The first tornado, at 6:15 am, near Coulta, 7 km in length, uprooted several trees and damaged others on farmland. The second, at 10 am, caused a narrow 2 km long path of damage through the Adelaide suburbs of Rosslyn Park and Wattle Park. In the evening, another tornado or severe downburst associated with a hail storm occurred at Two Wells, causing a damage path of less than 500m in length.[23]
Niangala tornado 13 October 2002 New South Wales 1 0 fatalities A F2 tornado in Niangala damaged hundreds of trees and destroyed two houses, and, nearby, hail up to 6 cm was recorded at Walcha.[24][25]
Bendigo tornado 18 May 2003 Victoria 1 0 fatalities A tornado caused considerable damage within the City of Bendigo, Victoria, damaging around 50 homes.[26][27]
Grampians tornado 4 January 2004 Victoria 1 0 fatalities A tornado caused considerable damage along a wide track within the Grampains National Park in western Victoria. The tornado track was observed from an aircraft about a week later. The tornado tore large trees out of the ground, leaving a bare patch of about eight to ten hectares without any vegetation at all.[28]
Noble Park tornado 9 June 2004 Victoria 1 0 fatalities An F1 tornado caused considerable damage along a damage path 3.2 km long and from 50 to 200 metres wide. More than 70 homes in the Melbourne suburbs of Noble Park and Mulgrave were affected. Winds were estimated at up to 180 km/h.[29]
Coonabarabran tornado 20 January 2005 New South Wales 1 0 fatalities This tornado formed at 4:30pm during a severe thunderstorm and ran a path of over 5 km towards the SE crossing the Oxley Highway, where it uprooted many trees adjacent to the highway and scoured the ground. F1 or F2.[30]
La Perouse tornado 4 August 2006 New South Wales 1 0 fatalities A super cellular waterspout/tornado struck the Sydney suburb of La Perouse. It caused damage to several buildings, and brought down powerlines.[31] A link to a video of this tornado can be found here.[32]
Leschenault tornado 7 August 2006 Western Australia 1 0 fatalities This tornado hit an outer suburb of Bunbury (163 km south of Perth) in the early hours of the morning. It damaged sixty houses, with seven of these completely losing their roofs.[33]
Kakadu tornado 1 March 2007 Northern Territory 1 0 fatalities Severe damage was observed in Kakadu National Park, at the Mary River Ranger Station. Two caravans were destroyed, and many eucalypts and ironwoods were uprooted. The Bureau of Meteorology experts estimated the wind speeds to be between 230 and 270 km/h, making this an F2/F3 tornado.[34]
You Yangs landspout 14 May 2007 Victoria 1 0 fatalities A landspout tornado was sighted near the You Yangs near Geelong, Victoria. The tornado lasted for several minutes as it traversed across farmland and had an estimated diameter of 50 to 100 metres. No damage was reported.[35]
Moana tornado 21 May 2007 South Australia 1 0 fatalities Several houses were damaged and trees were blown down or snapped off at Moana due to a tornado.[36]
Dunoon tornado 26 October 2007 New South Wales 1 0 fatalities Multi vortex tornado near the town of Lismore, likely to be an E-F1, caught by storm chaser Jimmy Deguara.[37] The tornado blew out the walls of a church, tore the roofs off about 20 residences, and a piece of debris hit a power sub-station that exploded, causing 3000 homes to be without power.[38][39]
Perth tornado 9 June 2008 Western Australia 1 0 fatalities Confirmed by the Bureau of Meteorology, the tornado swept through the southern suburbs of Perth just after 7.30 in the morning and damaged more than 130 homes. Residents from an Aged Care facility in Cooloongup were evacuated as the roof of an activity room was blown off and the hostel is without power or water.[40]
Nimmitabel tornado 24 December 2008 New South Wales 1 0 fatalities A tornado occurred between Nimmitabel and Cooma, with severe storms that affected the region.[41]
Atherton tornado 7 February 2010 Queensland 1 0 fatalities A tornado struck a farm just south of the town of Atherton in Queensland, Australia causing damage to corn fields and farm equipment.[42]
Lennox Head waterspout/tornado 3 June 2010 New South Wales 2 0 fatalities A major storm and waterspout/tornado destroyed homes and caused multiple injuries at Lennox Head.[43] Police say a number of homes have been destroyed, powerlines are down and several caravans have been overturned. Paramedics say several people have been injured in the storm but no-one is missing.[44]
Trawalla tornado 30 July 2010 Victoria 1 0 fatalities A tornado destroyed hundreds of trees and damaged power-lines at Trawalla, near Beaufort.[45]
Penola tornado 31 July 2010 South Australia 1 0 fatalities A tornado ripped through the main street of Penola in South-east South Australia, destroying at least four buildings and damaging many others. No injuries were reported.[46]
Moama tornado 10 August 2010 New South Wales 1 0 fatalities A weak tornado was observed in the town of Moama in southern New South Wales, causing some minor damage [47]
Whitton tornado 1 February 2011 New South Wales 1 0 fatalities A tornado struck the town destroying a carport, damaging houses and trees.[48]
Yellow Water Billabong tornado 11 February 2011 Northern Territory 1 0 fatalities

Footage of a tornado over Yellow Water billabong located in the Kakadu National Park, in the Northern Territory, was captured by a tour guide. There were no fatalities or injuries and damage limited to vegetation.[49]
Karratha tornado 21 February 2011 Western Australia 4 0 fatalities The Karratha CBD was struck by a tornado, related to Tropical Cyclone Carlos. It reportedly uprooted large trees, tore roofs of houses and threw boats into the air. One person was injured by flying glass.[50]
Ballarat tornado 20 April 2011 Victoria 1 0 fatalities The outer suburbs of Ballarat were struck by a weak tornado, related to bad weather in the area. The tornado occurred between Sebastopol and Magpie, no damage or injury was reported.[51]
Canning Vale tornado 20 May 2011 Western Australia 1 0 fatalities Perth suburb of Canning Vale was struck by tornado, damaging a number of homes and a vehicle.[52][53]
Red Rock tornado 14 June 2011 New South Wales 1 0 fatalities A waterspout/tornado unroofed at least two buildings including the Bowling Club, and damaged several others in Red Rock. [54]
Bellbridge tornado 9 November 2011 Victoria 1 0 fatalities A tornado hit the Bellbridge and Bethanga areas, near Wodonga. Several homes were severely damaged, some having their roofs removed, and several trees were uprooted.[55]
Bacchus Marsh tornado 25 December 2011 Victoria 2+ 0 fatalities A tornado hit Fiskville, west of Bacchus Marsh, Victoria. A second tornado was reported at Melton from the same storm. Tennis-ball sized hail and flash-flooding also occurred with the storms, leaving an estimated damage bill in the millions of dollars. [56]
Bredbo tornado 20 January 2012 New South Wales 1 0 fatalities A tornado hit the Bredbo area in the Snowy Mountains area of New South Wales. [57]

[edit] New Zealand

Tornado Event Date Area Tornadoes Casualties Notes
Frankton (Hamilton) tornado 25 August 1948 Waikato, New Zealand - 3 fatalities, 80 injuries F2 damages; 163 buildings and 50 businesses[citation needed].
Halswell tornado 19 January 1983 Halswell, Christchurch, New Zealand - 0 fatalities, unknown injured Part of a severe storm to strike Christchurch. Authorities didn't believe reports made by citizens. Few buildings were damaged.[citation needed]
Albany tornado May 1991 Albany, New Zealand - 1 fatality, unknown injured Local church destroyed. One man driving a bulldozer was killed by flying debris.[58]
Waitara tornado [1] 15 August 2004 Taranaki, New Zealand - 2 fatalities, 2 serious injured The casualties occurred when a farmhouse was demolished by the tornado. Several power lines were taken out, affecting 6,662 consumers. Media reports included debris ‘spread over an area 400 metres long by 50 metres wide’, although other media outlets described the track length as being greater than 1 km.
New Plymouth tornado 4 July 2007 New Plymouth, New Zealand - 0 fatalities A series of tornadoes ripped through the New Plymouth district of New Zealand, damaging 50 homes and rendering 70–80% of them uninhabitable. One person was injured, and several were trapped inside vehicles by powerlines.[59]
Auckland tornado 3 May 3 2011 Auckland, New Zealand - 1 fatality, 14 injuries A tornado struck the Auckland suburb of Albany, killing one person, and injuring many others.[60][61]
New Plymouth tornadoes 19 June 2011 New Plymouth, New Zealand 2 confirmed
1 unconfirmed		 0 fatalities Two tornadoes struck New Plymouth damaging businesses in the Central Business District, St Mary's Church Hall and a hotel.[62]

[edit] South America

Event Date Area Tornadoes Casualties Notes
Encarnación, Paraguay tornado 20 September 1926 Paraguay 1 Hundreds 100s homes destroyed[citation needed]
Encarnación, Paraguay tornado 25 October 1965 Paraguay 1 - 100 homes destroyed[citation needed]
Vichadero, Uruguay tornado 25 October 1968 Uruguay - 1 fatality, 12 injuries [citation needed]
San Justo tornado [2] 10 January 1973 Santa Fe Province, Argentina 1 54 fatalities, 350 injuries Large, perhaps violent, tornado (F-5)[citation needed]
Maravilha, Brazil tornado 9 October 1984 Maravilha, Brazil - 10 fatalities [citation needed]
Tragic 13th, Tuesday 13 April 1993 Buenos Aires Province, Argentina - 5 fatalities, 60 injuries [63]
Nova Laranjeiras, Paraná, Brazil Tornado 13 June 1997 - - - [citation needed]
Guernica, Tornadoes 26 December 2000 Guernica, Dolores and Chascomus, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina 12+ 3 fatalities Guernica and Chascomus destroyed, Dolores 15 house with severe damage. F-2 and F-3 Tornadoes [64]
Guernica Tornadoes II 10 January 2001 Guernica and Glew, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina 2 3 fatalities Guernica is destroyed again for a F-3 tornado[citation needed]
Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil tornado 29 August 2005 Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil 1 0 fatalities 83 buildings destroyed[65]
Chivilcoy, Tornado 7 January 2006 Chivilcoy, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina 1 0 fatalities Severe supercell pass over Chivilcoy 23 buildings destroyed for a EF2.[66]
Barranquilla, Colombia tornado 15 September 2006 Barranquilla, Colombia 1 tornado and later flash floods around the streets 13 injured people (including children) F3 tornado[citation needed]
Bogotá, Colombia tornado 6 November 2007 Bogotá, Cundinamarca, Colombia 1 tornado (a wind gust) - Destroyed a car store, took all the roof and damaged a lot of new cars, a 60 year old man who was working at the car store got injured. The buildings around had damage in the windows and some other roofs flew over the city and some trees were taken from their roots. It was a gust with a funnel cloud down the storm. The tornado just moved over the car store and later disappeared.[citation needed]
Buenos Aires, Argentina Waterspouts 1 March 2008 Buenos Aires, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina Two strong waterspouts over La Plata River - Two waterspouts touchdown in La Plata River, where they approach to San Isidro and Tigre bays at north Buenos Aires but disappear just a few minutes before the storms became strong tornadoes.[citation needed]
San Pedro, MisionesTornado 7 September 2009 Misiones, Argentina 1 10 fatalities (7 minors) and 50 injuries Severe damage in San Pedro and the community of Santa Rosa was completely destroyed for a Tornado EF-4.[67]
Morteros, Cordoba, F4 tornado 28 October 1978 Morteros, Provincia de Cordoba, Argentina 1 tornado 5 fatalities and many other injured This was the strongest tornado ever registered in Cordoba. It was rated as an F4.[citation needed]

[edit] Africa

Event Date Area Tornadoes Casualties Notes
Johannesburg - Pretoria, South Africa tornado 26 November 1948 Highveld, South Africa - 6 fatalities, 100 injuries 64 km track crossed major urban areas[citation needed]
Albertynesville, South Africa tornado 30 November 1952 South Africa - 20 fatalities, 400 injuries [citation needed]
Paynesville, South Africa tornado 2 December 1952 South Africa - 11 fatalities [citation needed]
Trompsburg, South Africa tornado 5 November 1976 Karoo, South Africa - 5+ fatalities Longest path ever measured in SA, 175 km, mostly through desert[citation needed]
Senekal, South Africa tornado 15 September 1988 South Africa - 2 fatalities Long track event[citation needed]
Welkom, South Africa tornado 20 March 1990 Free State, South Africa - destroying 4000 homes Multi-vortex tornado races through the suburbs of Welkom with a 240 km long severe storm front and a width of up to 1.7 km. Proved to be the most devastating (in monetary terms) in South Africa’s history.[citation needed]
Mthatha, South Africa tornado [3] 15 December 1998 South Africa - 15 fatalities, 100 injuries Tornado tracked through major urban area
Mount Ayliff, South Africa tornado [4] 18 January 1999 South Africa - 25 fatalities, 500 injuries 120 km long track F4
Heidelberg, South Africa tornado [5] 21 October 1999 South Africa - 20 injuries 100+ km path narrowly missed Johannesburg. Other damaging tornadoes reported from storms in the same area
Mpumalanga, South Africa tornado outbreak 9 September 2002 Mpumalanga, South Africa 4 2 fatalities Strong line of storms. Some buildings completely flattened[citation needed]
Dullstroom tornado 1 August 2006 Mpumalanga, South Africa 1 0 fatalities, 9 injuries Several homes damaged, roof a high school completely removed. Estimated to be strong F1, possibly F2[citation needed]
Vryheid tornado 20 October 2006 KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa 1 0 Rural huts destroyed on a farm 15 km east of the town. Child almost 'taken up' into tornado. Path estimated to be 4 km long. Estimated F1[citation needed]
Molweni tornado 14 November 2008 KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa 1 8 fatalities, 200 injuries

Crossed an urban area. Cars rolled some distance and shipping containers hurled through the air over 200m. Mud huts completely scoured away. Brick houses levelled. Path estimated to be 10 km long. Estimated EF3-4[citation needed]
Bulwer tornado 6 November 2009 KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa 1 1 fatality, 30 injuries F3 according to Weather Service. Cars thrown and cinder brick homes flattened[citation needed]

[edit] See also

[edit] Notes

  1. ^ a b http://www.islandnet.com/~see/weather/storm/tornadoes-aunzea.htm
  2. ^ http://climatechangematters.net.au/LOTS/Earth/sub/storms/storms.htm
  3. ^ "The Brighton Cyclone 2nd February 1918". Brighton Historical Society Inc. http://home.vicnet.net.au/~vbhs/Articles/128_Brighton_Cyclone.htm. Retrieved 2008-06-09. 
  4. ^ a b c "Tornadoes". Commonwealth of Australia. Bureau of Meteorology. http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/c20thc/storm1.shtml. Retrieved 2008-06-09. 
  5. ^ "Major historic severe weather". Commonwealth of Australia. Geoscience Australia. http://www.ga.gov.au/hazards/severeweather/historic.jsp. Retrieved 2008-06-09. 
  6. ^ http://www.inflowimages.com/TornadoesInWa/HistoryWA.htm
  7. ^ http://www.ema.gov.au/ema/emadisasters.nsf/c85916e930b93d50ca256d050020cb1f/16c82ca702e8b9b6ca256d3300057cde?OpenDocument
  8. ^ "A Complete History of Tornadoes in WA". Inflow Images. http://www.inflowimages.com/TornadoesInWa/HistoryWA.htm. Retrieved 2008-06-09. 
  9. ^ "Tornadoes". Climate Education. http://www.bom.gov.au/lam/climate/levelthree/c20thc/storm1.htm. Retrieved 2012-02-09. 
  10. ^ "EMA Disasters Database". Commonwealth of Australia. Emergency Management Australia. http://www.ema.gov.au/ema/emadisasters.nsf/c85916e930b93d50ca256d050020cb1f/fe6e777cef08c479ca256d3300057bae?OpenDocument. Retrieved 2008-06-09. 
  11. ^ http://www.inflowimages.com/TornadoesInWa/TornadosInWa.htm
  12. ^ "Sandon Tornado VIC". Inflow Images. http://www.inflowimages.com/AustralianTornadicEvents/sandon.html. Retrieved 2008-06-09. 
  13. ^ "The Northam Tornado". Inflow Images. http://www.inflowimages.com/TornadoesInWa/northam/northam.html. Retrieved 2008-06-09. 
  14. ^ http://www.bsch.au.com/reports/24_12_89.shtml
  15. ^ "Tucabia Tornado: Saturday 20th November 1993". Australian Severe Weather. http://australiasevereweather.com/storm_news/1997/docs/9711-04.htm. Retrieved 2008-06-09. 
  16. ^ http://www.ema.gov.au/ema/emadisasters.nsf/54273a46a9c753b3ca256d0900180220/b3212955d6fc1e73ca256d3300057c10?OpenDocument
  17. ^ "Severe Thunderstorms". Commonwealth of Australia. Bureau of Meteorology. http://www.bom.gov.au/info/thunder/#storms. Retrieved 2008-06-09. 
  18. ^ "Significant Weather - September 1996". Commonwealth of Australia. Bureau of Meteorology. http://www.bom.gov.au/inside/services_policy/public/sigwxsum/sigw0996.shtml#thunder. Retrieved 2008-06-09. 
  19. ^ "EMA Disasters Database". Commonwealth of Australia. Emergency Management Australia. http://www.ema.gov.au/ema/emadisasters.nsf/54273a46a9c753b3ca256d0900180220/606d4edb691ccf5fca256d3300057cee?OpenDocument. Retrieved 2008-06-09. 
  20. ^ http://www.bom.gov.au/weather/wa/sevwx/25august1999.shtml
  21. ^ http://www.bom.gov.au/nsw/sevwx/tornadofact.shtml/
  22. ^ "'Twister' horror for Sydney-Hobart yachts". CNN. December 28, 2001. http://archives.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/sailing/12/27/sydney.spt/index.html. 
  23. ^ "MonthlyClimate Summary - South Australian Regional Office (May 2002)". Commonwealth of Australia. Bureau of Meteorology. http://www.bom.gov.au/announcements/media_releases/sa/20020603.shtml. Retrieved 2008-06-09. 
  24. ^ "Summary of Significant Severe Thunderstorm Events in NSW - 2002/03". Commonwealth of Australia. Bureau of Meteorology. http://www.bom.gov.au/weather/nsw/sevwx/0203summ.shtml. Retrieved 2008-06-09. 
  25. ^ "Facts on Tornadoes in NSW". Commonwealth of Australia. Bureau of Meteorology. http://www.bom.gov.au/weather/nsw/sevwx/tornadofact.shtml. Retrieved 2008-06-09. 
  26. ^ "Bendigo Tornado". Australian Sky & Weather. http://www.stormchasers.au.com/18_05_03.htm. Retrieved 2008-06-09. 
  27. ^ Baker, Richard; Rood, David (2003-05-20). "'It was a dead-set tornado all right'". Fairfax (Melbourne: The Age). http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2003/05/19/1053196525072.html. Retrieved 2008-06-09. 
  28. ^ "Tornado strikes in Grampians". Fairfax. The Stawell Times-News. 2004-01-16. http://stawell.yourguide.com.au/news/local/news/general/tornado-strikes-in-grampians/407162.aspx. Retrieved 2008-06-09. 
  29. ^ Webster, Andrew (June 11, 2004). "Twister's trail leaves households reeling". The Age (Melbourne). http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2004/06/10/1086749839466.html?from=storylhs. 
  30. ^ "Tornado near Coonabarabran 2005 Jan 20". Siding Spring Survey. http://msowww.anu.edu.au/~rmn/tornado.htm. Retrieved 2008-06-09. 
  31. ^ http://www.bom.gov.au/inside/services_policy/public/sigwxsum/pdf/sigw0806.pdf
  32. ^ http://www.australiasevereweather.com.au/tornadoes_australia.htm
  33. ^ Welch, Dylan (2003-05-20). "Sixty homes hit by tornado". Fairfax (Melbourne: The Age). http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/sixty-homes-hit-by-tornado/2006/08/07/1154802793438.html. Retrieved 2008-06-09. 
  34. ^ "Tornado causes severe damage in Kakadu National Park". Commonwealth of Australia. Bureau of Meteorology. http://www.bom.gov.au/announcements/media_releases/nt/20070320.shtml. Retrieved 2008-06-09. 
  35. ^ http://www.abc.net.au/local/stories/2007/05/15/1923024.htm
  36. ^ http://www.adelaidenow.com.au/news/south-australia/mini-tornado-hits-south/story-e6frea83-1111113581396
  37. ^ "Mini-tornado rips through town". News Ltd (The Daily Telegraph). 2007-10-27. http://www.news.com.au/dailytelegraph/story/0,22049,22656608-5001021,00.html. Retrieved 2008-06-08. 
  38. ^ "Village cops battering as freak twister pays a visit". Fairfax (Sydney Morning Herald). 2007-10-28. http://www.smh.com.au/news/national/freak-tornado-hits-nsw/2007/10/27/1192941400158.html. Retrieved 2008-06-08. 
  39. ^ "Village cops battering as freak twister pays a visit". APN News & Media Ltd. The Northern Star. http://www.northernstar.com.au/?storyid=3753461&thesection=localnews&thesubsection=&thesecondsubsection=. Retrieved 2008-06-08. 
  40. ^ "Perth tornado 'may have hit 150km/h'". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. ABC News. 2008-06-09. http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2008/06/09/2269299.htm. Retrieved 2008-06-09. 
  41. ^ http://www.canberratimes.com.au/news/local/news/general/twists-and-turns-on-road-to-canberra/1394600.aspx
  42. ^ http://www.weatherzone.com.au/news/tornado-tears-through-crops/13887
  43. ^ Tatnell, Paul (3 June 2010). "Waterspout wrecks homes in NSW town as storm hits hard". Sydney Morning Herald. http://www.smh.com.au/environment/waterspout-wrecks-homes-in-nsw-town-as-storm-hits-hard-20100603-x0fy.html. Retrieved 3 June 2010. 
  44. ^ http://au.news.yahoo.com/a/-/local/7337598/waterspout-becomes-tornado-on-nsw-north-coast-reports/
  45. ^ http://www.thecourier.com.au/news/local/news/general/storm-destroys-hundreds-of-trees-at-trawalla/1902025.aspx/
  46. ^ http://au.news.yahoo.com/a/-/newshome/7681810/wicked-tornado-rips-through-penola/
  47. ^ http://www.weatherzone.com.au/news/wild-weather-causes-mini-tornado/14787
  48. ^ Delaney, Chris (4 February 2011). "Dante's Tornado". ABC Riverina (Australian Broadcasting Corporation). http://www.abc.net.au/local/photos/2011/02/04/3130051.htm. Retrieved 7 February 2011. 
  49. ^ Adlam, Nigel (8 March 2011), Tornado blows tourists away, NT News, http://www.ntnews.com.au/article/2011/03/08/216671_ntnews.html, retrieved 8 March 2011 
  50. ^ http://www.pilbaraecho.com.au/echo/content/view/2847/63/
  51. ^ http://www.thecourier.com.au/news/local/news/general/tornado-sweeps-across-ballarat/2140709.aspx
  52. ^ Styles, Aja (20 May 2011). "Mini-tornado hits Canning Vale as storm tears through Perth". WAtoday.com.au. http://www.watoday.com.au/wa-news/minitornado-hits-canning-vale-as-storm-tears-through-perth-20110520-1evpl.html?from=watoday_sb. Retrieved 20 May 2011. 
  53. ^ "Rainy days for WA". 702 ABC Perth (Australian Broadcasting Corporation). 20 May 2011. http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2011/05/20/3222149.htm?site=perth&section=news. Retrieved 20 May 2011. 
  54. ^ http://au.news.yahoo.com/latest/a/-/latest/9636620/tornado-hits-nsw-town
  55. ^ http://www.bordermail.com.au/news/local/news/general/tornado-rips-apart-homes-lashes-villages/2351430.aspx?src=rss
  56. ^ http://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/more-news/hail-barrage-inflicts-holiday-havoc-on-christmas-day/story-fn7x8me2-1226230033794
  57. ^ http://www.smh.com.au/environment/weather/tornado-hits-snowy-mountains-20120120-1q9z2.html
  58. ^ http://www.arc.govt.nz/council/civil-defence-emergency-management/natural-hazards/tornado.cfm
  59. ^ "Emergency declared after NZ tornados". West Australian Newspapers Pty Ltd. The West Australian. 2007-07-05. http://www.thewest.com.au/aapstory.aspx?StoryName=397703. Retrieved 2008-06-12. 
  60. ^ McLean, Tamara (4 May 2011). "Breaking news". AAP. http://www.news.com.au/breaking-news/clean-up-after-tornado-sweeps-auckland/story-e6frfku0-1226049631128?from=public_rss. 
  61. ^ "Tornado rips through New Zealand city of Auckland". BBC News. 3 May 2011. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-13263881. 
  62. ^ "New Plymouth rocked by tornado terror". ONE News (TVNZ). 19 June 2011. http://tvnz.co.nz/national-news/new-plymouth-rocked-tornado-terror-4244713. Retrieved 19 June 2011. 
  63. ^ http://foro.gustfront.com.ar/viewtopic.php?f=10&t=195
  64. ^ http://foro.gustfront.com.ar/viewtopic.php?f=10&t=847
  65. ^ http://www.metsul.com/secoes/visualiza.php?cod_subsecao=28&cod_texto=221
  66. ^ http://foro.gustfront.com.ar/viewtopic.php?f=10&t=828
  67. ^ http://foro.gustfront.com.ar/viewtopic.php?f=10&t=170

[edit] References

[edit] External links

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Southern_Hemisphere_tornadoes_and_tornado_outbreaks&oldid=478164695"
Personal tools
Namespaces

Variants
Actions
Navigation
Interaction
Toolbox
Print/export