List of U.S. security clearance terms

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The followings list of terms is used to indicate type, level, or scope of security clearance and background investigation in the United States.

This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.

Security clearance descriptors often appear in employment advertisements, as employers generally prefer to hire people who are already cleared to access classified information at the level needed for a particular job or contract.

Due to the nature of security classifications and clearances, often people incorrectly identify their clearances by a combination of actual clearance level, additional access controls, caveats, and the organization who granted them clearance. In addition, different organizations within the Federal government use different terminology and lettering, as is discussed below. In general, most employers look for candidates that hold an active DoD collateral clearance or a blanket TS/SCI-cleared (Top Secret / Sensitive Compartmented Information) individual that has successfully completed a counterintelligence (CI) or full-scope polygraph (FSP).

Some items on are based on a list compiled by a nonauthoritative source on the Internet. Items marked "*" are defined in the 2006 U.S. Government's National Industrial Security Program Operating Manual (NISPOM) p. 14 ff [1] Any combination of the SI, SI-ECI-*, B, G, HCS letters can be used.

U.S. Classified Information restricts information in 3 general levels. The levels, listed in order of increasing restriction are:

  • C - Confidential *
  • S - Secret *
  • TS - Top Secret (DoE has the Q clearance which is equivalent) *

NOTE: Unclassified (U) is a valid security description, especially when indicating unclassified information within a document classified at a higher level. For example, the title of a Secret report is often unclassified, and must be marked as such.

For access to information at a particular classification level, the individual must have been granted access by the sponsoring government organization at that or a higher classification level, and have a need to know the information.

In addition to collateral access, the government also supports access to sensitive compartmented information (SCI) and special access programs (SAPs) in which access is determined by need-to-know. These accesses require increased investigative requirements before access is granted.

Some categories of information, while possibly but not necessarily needing special access control, by their nature may require extra security education, special handling procedures, et cetera. These are known as caveats:

  • FOUO - For Official Use Only *
  • COMSEC - Communications Security *
  • CNWDI - Critical Nuclear Weapon Design Information
  • NOFORN - Not Releasable to Foreign Nationals (access restricted to U.S. citizens) *
  • WNINTEL - Warning Notice - Intelligence Sources and Methods Involved [2]
  • CRYPTO - Cryptographic *

Prior to being granted any clearances or accesses, A person is investigated by the Government. Depending on the level of clearance and access the person needs, the Government undertakes one of the following investigations:

Certain accesses require one to undertake one or more polygraphs:

An incomplete list of the more popular and possible sets of security clearances is below:

  • Confidential
  • Secret (Collateral)
  • Top Secret (Collateral)
  • DOE - C, L, Q
  • FBI (equivalent to TS Collateral)
  • NATO Secret
  • Position of Public Trust
  • Yankee White
  • Top Secret/SCI

SCI clearances assume that the subject has been approved for at least Top Secret collateral information. As a baseline, most individuals that have access to SCI are briefed Special Intelligence and TK. Additional common compartments:

  • Gamma (G), subcompartment of SI
  • HUMINT Control System (HCS), protects human intelligence

In general, employees do not publish the individual compartments that they are cleared. While this information is not classified, specific compartment listings may reveal sensitive information when correlated with an individual's resume. Therefore, it is sufficient to declare that a candidate possesses a TS/SCI clearance with a polygraph.


[edit] References

http://www.clearancejobs.com/security_clearance_faq.pdf - "Security Clearance Frequently Asked Questions"
http://www.fbi.gov/clearance/securityclearance.htm - "Security Clearance Process for State and Local Law Enforcement"
https://www.dss.mil/GW/ShowBinary/DSS/psco/ps_faqs.html - "The Industrial Personnel Security Clearance Process Frequently Asked Questions"
http://www.army.com/resources/item/786 - "What is a security clearance?"
http://www.fas.org/sgp/othergov/dhs-sbu.html - "Safeguarding Sensitive But Unclassified Information"

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