List of United States Presidents on currency
This is a complete list of United States Presidents by currency appearances. The President of the United States has appeared on official banknotes, coins for circulation and commemorative coins in the United States, the Confederate States of America, the Philippine Islands, the Commonwealth of the Philippines and around the world.
[edit] United States
Note: Series dates listed for United States paper money represents a specific issue or set of issues. Different series may represent minor or major design changes, or no design change (series listed on the same line). Only a variety of a President's portrait used on paper money is noted next to the series date. For an explanation of each design:
Presidents listed in alphabetical order.
[edit] John Adams
Coin for circulation
- 2007 Dollar (obverse), 2nd of four U.S. Presidents issued in 2007.
Banknotes
- National Bank Notes
- All $100 first charter period (on back in the engraved version of Trumbull's Declaration of Independence painting)
- Federal Reserve Notes
- All $2 (on back in the engraved version of Trumbull's Declaration of Independence painting)
[edit] John Quincy Adams
Coins for circulation
- 2008 Dollar (obverse), 2nd of four U.S. Presidents issued in 2008.
Commemorative coin
- 1923 Monroe Doctrine Centennial commemorative, featuring profiles of Adams and James Monroe
Banknotes
- United States Note
- $500 Series of 1869
[edit] James Buchanan
Coins for circulation
- 2010 Dollar (obverse), 3rd of four U.S. Presidents to be issued in 2010. Release date August 19.
[edit] Grover Cleveland
Banknotes
- Federal Reserve Note
- $20 Series of 1914
- All $1000 small size Federal Reserve Notes
- Gold Certificate
- $1000 Series of 1928
- $1000 Series of 1934
[edit] Calvin Coolidge
Commemorative coin
- 1926 commemorative half dollar - 150th anniversary of the signing of the
Declaration of Independence
[edit] Dwight D. Eisenhower
Coins for circulation
- 1971—1978 Eisenhower Dollar coin
(The reverse only changed for two years, 1975 and 1976, to celebrate the U.S. bicentennary.)
Commemorative coin
- 1990 Eisenhower commemorative dollar - 100th anniversary of Eisenhower's birth
[edit] Millard Fillmore
Coins for circulation
- 2010 Dollar (obverse), 1st of four U.S. Presidents issued in 2010.
[edit] James A. Garfield
Coins for circulation
- 2011 Dollar (obverse), 4th of four U.S. Presidents to be issued in 2011. (November 17)
Banknotes
- National Bank Notes
- All $5 second charter period
- Gold Certificate
- $20 Series of 1882
[edit] Ulysses S. Grant
Coins for circulation
- 2011 Dollar (obverse), 2nd of four U.S. Presidents to be issued in 2011. (May 19)
Commemorative coins
- 1922 commemorative half dollar - 100th anniversary of Grant's birth
- 1922 commemorative gold dollar - 100th anniversary of Grant's birth
Banknotes
- Silver Certificate
- $1 Series of 1899 (with small left-facing instead of right-facing portrait)
- $5 1886 DEPARTMENT SERIES
- $5 Series of 1891
- $5 Series of 1896 "Educational Series" (portrait on back)
- Gold Certificate
- $50 Series of 1913
- $50 Series of 1922
- Federal Reserve Bank Note
- $50 Series of 1918 issued only by the St. Louis Federal Reserve Bank
- $50 Series of 1929
- National Bank Note
- $50 Series of 1929
- Federal Reserve Note
- $50 Series of 1914
- All $50 small size Federal Reserve Notes
- Series of 1928—Series 1995
- Series 1996—2003 (with redesigned larger portrait)
- Series 2004A (with redesigned larger portrait)
[edit] Benjamin Harrison
Banknotes
- National Bank Notes
- All $5 third charter period
[edit] William H. Harrison
Coins for circulation
- 2009 Dollar (obverse), 1st of four U.S. Presidents issued in 2009.
[edit] Rutherford B. Hayes
Coins for circulation
- 2011 Dollar (obverse), 3rd of four U.S. Presidents to be issued in 2011. (August 18)
[edit] Andrew Jackson
Coins for circulation
- 2008 Dollar (obverse), (released August 14, 2008) 3rd of four U.S. Presidents issued in 2008.
Banknotes
- United States Note
- $5 Series of 1869
- $5 Series of 1875, 1878
- $5 Series of 1880
- $5 Series of 1907
- $10 Series of 1923
- $10,000 1878 (no series date)
- Gold Certificate
- $20 Series of 1928
- $10,000 Series of 1870 and 1875
- $10,000 1882 [DEPARTMENT SERIES]
- $10,000 Series of 1888
- $10,000 Series of 1900
- Federal Reserve Bank Note
- $10 Series of 1915
- $10 Series of 1918
- $20 Series of 1929
- National Bank Note
- $20 Series of 1929
- Federal Reserve Note
- $10 Series of 1914
- All $20 small size Federal Reserve Notes
- Series of 1928—1995
- Series 1996—2003 (with redesigned enlarged portrait)
- Series 2004—2006 (with redesigned enlarged portrait)
[edit] Thomas Jefferson
[edit] Coins for circulation
- 1938—1942, 1946-2003 (copper-nickel) nickel with Monticello on the reverse
- 1942-1945 (25% silver) nickel; wartime composition. The mint mark for these types are located above the Monticello. It helps distinguish between the 1942 types.
- 2004 nickel Westward Journey Series
- Louisiana Purchase
- Lewis and Clark
- 2005 nickel Westward Journey Series
- American bison (similar to pre-Jefferson buffalo nickel reverse)
- "Ocean in view! O! The Joy!" (quote by William Clark)
- 2006—present nickel "Return to Monticello" with a forward-facing Jefferson and the Monticello returns on the reverse.
- 2006 South Dakota state quarter reverse (Mount Rushmore)
- 2007 Dollar (obverse), 3rd of four U.S. Presidents issued in 2007.
[edit] Commemorative coins
- 1903 commemorative gold dollar - issued for the Louisiana Purchase Exposition
- 1991 Mount Rushmore commemorative coin series
- Half dollar
- Silver dollar
- $5 gold piece
- 1993 commemorative silver dollar - 200th anniversary of Jefferson's presidency
[edit] Banknotes
- Fractional currency
- 5¢ and 25¢ first issue
- United States Note
- $2 Series of 1869
- $2 Series of 1874, 1875, 1878
- $2 Series of 1880
- $2 Series of 1917
- $2 Series of 1928, A—G
- $2 Series 1953, A—C
- $2 Series 1963, A
- Federal Reserve Bank Note
- $2 Series of 1918
- Federal Reserve Note
- All $2 Federal Reserve Notes since Series 1976 appearing on front and reverse.
[edit] Andrew Johnson
Coins for circulation
- 2011 Dollar (obverse), 1st of four U.S. Presidents to be issued in 2011. (February 17)
[edit] John F. Kennedy
Coins for circulation
- 1964 (90% silver) half dollar (silver proofs from 1992–present also have this composition)
- 1965-1970 half dollar (40% silver)
- 1971–present half dollar (copper-nickel) The reverse only changed one year, 1976, to celebrate the U.S. bicentennary.
[edit] Abraham Lincoln
[edit] Coins for circulation
- 1909—1942, 1944—1958 (zinc-plated copper) Wheat Ears cent a.k.a "Wheat penny"
- 1943 (zinc-plated steel) Wheat cent
- 1959—mid 1982 (zinc-plated copper) Lincoln Memorial cent
- 1982-2008 (copper-plated zinc) Lincoln Memorial cent
- 2009 Lincoln bicentennial of birth commemorative cent series, 4 different designs on reverse [1]
- Birth and early childhood in Kentucky
- Formative years in Indiana
- Professional life in Illinois
- Presidency in Washington, D.C.
- 2003 Illinois state quarter reverse "Land of Lincoln"
- 2006 South Dakota state quarter reverse (Mount Rushmore)
- 2010 (zinc-plated copper) Shield Penny
- 2010 Dollar (obverse), 4th of four U.S. Presidents to be issued in 2010. Release date November 18.
[edit] Commemorative coins
- 1918 commemorative half dollar - Illinois 100th statehood anniversary
- 1991 Mount Rushmore commemorative coin series
- Half dollar
- Silver dollar
- $5 gold piece
- 2009 Silver dollar commemorating Lincoln's 200th anniversary of birth (Gettysburg Address) [2]
[edit] Banknotes
- Fractional currency
- 50¢ forth issue (with left-facing portrait)
- United States Note
- $5 Series of 1928, A—F
- $5 Series 1953, A—C
- $5 Series 1963
- $10 Act of 1862 and 1863
- $100 Series of 1869
- $100 Series of 1875, 1878
- $100 Series of 1880
- Gold Certificate
- $500 Series of 1882
- $500 Series of 1922
- Silver Certificate
- $1 Series of 1899
- $5 Series of 1923
- $5 Series of 1934 A—D
- $5 Series 1953 A—C
- Federal Reserve Bank Note
- $5 Series of 1915
- $5 Series of 1918
- $5 Series of 1929
- National Bank Note
- $5 Series of 1929
- Federal Reserve Note
- $5 Series of 1914
- All small size $5 Federal Reserve Notes
- Series of 1928—Series 1995
- Series 1996—2003A (with redesigned enlarged portrait)
[edit] James Madison
Coin for circulation
- 2007 Dollar (obverse), 4th of four U.S. Presidents issued in 2007.
Commemorative coins
- 1993 Bill of Rights commemorative coin series
- Half dollar
- Silver dollar
- $5 gold piece
Banknotes
- United States Note
- $5000 1878 (no series date)
- Gold Certificate
- $5000 Series of 1870 and 1875
- $5000 1882 [DEPARTMENT SERIES]
- $5000 Series of 1888
- $5000 Series of 1882
- $5000 Series of 1928
- Federal Reserve Note
- $5000 Series of 1914
- All $5000 small size Federal Reserve Notes
[edit] William McKinley
Commemorative coins
- 1903 commemorative gold dollar - issued for the Louisiana Purchase Exposition
- 1916 and 1917 commemorative dollar - commemorate McKinley's death
Banknotes
- National Bank Notes
- All $10 third charter period
- Gold Certificate
- $500 Series of 1928
- Federal Reserve Notes
- All $500 small size
[edit] James Monroe
Coins for circulation
- 1999 New Jersey state quarter reverse (Washington Crossing the Delaware)
- 2008 Dollar (obverse), 1st of four U.S. Presidents issued in 2008.
Commemorative coin
- 1923 Monroe Doctrine Centennial commemorative, featuring profiles of Monroe and John Quincy Adams.
[edit] Franklin Pierce
Coins for circulation
- 2010 Dollar (obverse), 2nd of four U.S. Presidents issued in 2010.
[edit] James K. Polk
Coins for circulation
- 2009 Dollar (obverse), (released on August 20, 2009) 3rd of four U.S. Presidents issued in 2009.
[edit] Franklin D. Roosevelt
Coins for circulation
Commemorative coin
- 1997 $5 gold commemorative coin
- 1982 1oz Silver Coin - - 100th anniversary of Roosevelt's birth
[edit] Theodore Roosevelt
Coins for circulation
- 2006 South Dakota state quarter (Mount Rushmore)
Commemorative coins
- 1991 Mount Rushmore commemorative coin series
- Half dollar
- Silver dollar
- $5 gold piece
[edit] Zachary Taylor
Coins for circulation
- 2009 Dollar (obverse), (released November 19, 2009) 4th of four U.S. Presidents issued in 2009.
[edit] John Tyler
Coins for circulation
- 2009 Dollar (obverse), 2nd of four U.S. Presidents to be issued in 2009.
[edit] Martin Van Buren
Coins for circulation
- 2008 Dollar (obverse), (released November 13, 2008) 4th of four U.S. Presidents issued in 2008.
[edit] George Washington
[edit] Coins for circulation
- 1932; 1934-1964 (90% silver) quarter dollar
- 1965—1998 (copper-nickel) quarter dollar. The reverse only changed one year, 1976, to celebrate the U.S. bicentennary.
- 1999—2008 50 State Quarters Series (obverse)
- 1999 New Jersey state quarter (reverse) (Washington Crossing the Delaware)
- 2006 South Dakota state quarter (reverse) (Mount Rushmore)
- 2007 Dollar (obverse), 1st of four U.S. Presidents issued in 2007
- 2008 $10 Gold Coin, First Spouse Program, Dolley Madison, (reverse)
[edit] Commemorative coins
- 1900 commemorative silver Lafayette Dollar
- 1926 commemorative half dollar - 150th anniversary of the signing of the Declaration of Independence
- 1982 commemorative half dollar - 250th anniversary of Washington's birth
- 1991 Mount Rushmore commemorative series
- Half dollar
- Silver dollar
- $5 gold piece
- 1999 $5 gold commemorative piece - 200th anniversary of Washington's death; an alternate design not chosen for the 1932 Washington quarter
[edit] Banknotes
- Compound Interest Treasury Note
- $100 (with a vignette of George Washington standing)
- $500
- Interest Bearing Note
- $1000
- Fractional currency
- 10¢ and 50¢ first issues
- 5¢, 10¢, 25¢, and 50¢ second issue
- 3¢, and 10¢ third issue
- 25¢ forth issue
- United States Note
- $1 Series of 1869
- $1 Series of 1874, 1875 A—E, 1878
- $1 Series of 1880
- $1 Series of 1917
- $1 Series of 1923
- Silver Certificate
- $1 Series of 1896 "Educational Series" (portrait on back)
- $1 Series of 1923
- $1 Series of 1928
- $1 Series of 1934, A—E
- $1 Series 1935, A—H
- $1 Series 1957, A—B
- $2 Series of 1899
- Gold Certificate
- $20 Series of 1905 (with reversed left-facing instead of right-facing portrait)
- $20 Series of 1906 (with reversed left-facing instead of right-facing portrait)
- $20 Series of 1922 (with reversed left-facing instead of right-facing portrait)
- Federal Reserve Bank Note
- $1 Series of 1918
- Federal Reserve Note
- All $1 Federal Reserve Notes since Series 1963
[edit] Woodrow Wilson
Banknotes
- Gold Certificate
- $100,000 Series of 1934
[edit] Presidential dollar coin series
- 2007 - George Washington, John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison [3]
- 2008 - James Monroe, John Quincy Adams, Andrew Jackson, Martin Van Buren
- 2009 - William Henry Harrison, John Tyler, James K. Polk, Zachary Taylor
- 2010 - Millard Fillmore, Franklin Pierce, James Buchanan, Abraham Lincoln
- 2011 - Andrew Johnson, Ulysses S. Grant, Rutherford B. Hayes, James A. Garfield
- 2012 - Chester A. Arthur, Grover Cleveland, Benjamin Harrison, Grover Cleveland
- 2013 - William McKinley, Theodore Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, Woodrow Wilson
- 2014 - Warren G. Harding, Calvin Coolidge, Herbert Hoover, Franklin D. Roosevelt
- 2015 - Harry S. Truman, Dwight D. Eisenhower, John F. Kennedy, Lyndon B. Johnson
- 2016 and beyond - Richard Nixon, Gerald Ford, Jimmy Carter*, Ronald Reagan, George H. W. Bush*, Bill Clinton*, George W. Bush*, Barack Obama*
*Note: These Presidents will be honored if their death is two or more years before the intended issue date of the coin.
[edit] Confederate States of America
[edit] Andrew Jackson
- $1000 1861 Montgomery, Alabama note, with Jackson's first Vice President, John C. Calhoun at left. [4]
[edit] George Washington
- $50 1861 (Washington at left, and allegories at right and center)
- $50 July 25, 1861, 1862 (Washington at center and allegory at left)
- $100 July 25, 1861, 1862
State issues [5]
- $1 Louisiana, 1864
- $2 Tallahassee, Florida, 1861
- $3 Tallahassee, Florida, 1861
- $5 Treasury Warrant note for military service, Texas, 1862
- $20 Virginia, 1861
- $100 Virginia, 1862
[edit] Philippine Islands, Commonwealth of the Philippines, Republic of the Philippines
[edit] William McKinley
- 5 Peso Series of 1903 and 1910 Silver Certificate
- 5 Peso Series of 1916, and 1921 Philippine National Bank Circulating Note
- 5 Peso Series of 1937 Philippine National Bank Circulating Note (with Commonwealth Seal in red)
- 5 Peso Series of 1918 and 1924 Treasury Certificate (large portrait)
- 5 Peso Series of 1937 Philippine National Bank Circulating Note (with Commonwealth Seal in red)
- 5 Peso Series of 1929, 1936, 1941, and "Victory" Series No. 66 Treasury Certificate (with small portrait at left coincide with Admiral George Dewey, starting 1936 it had the seal of the Commonwealth in red and in the "Victory" Series No. 66 in blue)
[edit] Ronald Reagan
- 25 Piso 1982, silver coin, (portrait with President Marcos), KM#235
- 25 Piso 1986, silver coin, commemorating President Aquino's visit to Washington, KM#246
- 2500 Piso 1986, gold coin, commemorating President Aquino's visit to Washington, KM#247
[edit] Franklin D. Roosevelt
- 1 Peso 1936, silver coin, Establishment of Commonwealth (portrait with President Quezon), KM#177
[edit] George Washington
- 10 Peso Series of 1903 and 1912 Silver Certificate
- 10 Peso Series of 1916 and 1921 Philippine National Bank Circulating Note
- 5 Peso Series of 1937 Philippine National Bank Circulating Note (with Commonwealth Seal in red)
- 10 Peso Series of 1918 and 1924 Treasury Certificate (with small portrait similar to modern U.S. $1 bill)
- 10 Peso Series of 1929, 1936, 1941, and "Victory" Series No. 66 Treasury Certificate (with right-facing portrait similar to 1999 $5 commemorative gold coin, starting 1936 it had the seal of Commonwealth in red and in the "Victory" Series No. 66 in blue)
[edit] U.S. Presidential appearances on other coins and currency around the world
[edit] The Bahamas
In 1991, a 12-coin silver five-dollar series was issued in the Bahamas commemorating the 500th anniversary of European discovery of the Americas. Three of those coins showed images of U.S. presidents, with the coat of arms of the Bahamas on the obverse side.
Thomas Jefferson
- $5, 1991, silver, with Independence Hall – Declaration of Independence KM#143
Abraham Lincoln
- $5 1991, silver, with Abolition of Slavery KM#145
Theodore Roosevelt
- $5 1991, silver, with Panama Canal KM#149
[edit] Cook Islands
Abraham Lincoln
- $50, 1990, silver, with United States Capitol dome KM#48
Thomas Jefferson
- $50, 1993, gold, KM#175
George Washington
- $50 1993, gold, KM#173
[edit] Cuba
Abraham Lincoln
- 1 Peso, 1993 1 peso, copper, commemorative, shows U.S.A (lower 48) and broken chains in background, Cuban shield on obverse. KM#509
[edit] Isle of Man
Dwight D. Eisenhower
- 1 Crown, 1994
George Washington
- 1 Crown, 1976 copper-nickel (KM#37) and a silver (KM#37a) commemorative, Bicentenary of American Independence, with Queen Elizabeth II on the obverse.
- In 1989, a four coin 1 crown set was issued in both copper-nickel and silver featuring the Bicentenary of George Washington’s Presidential Inauguration.
- 1 Crown, with James Monroe holding the flag – Crossing the Delaware 1776
- copper-nickel KM#246, silver KM#246a
- 1 Crown, , (large portrait)
- copper-nickel KM#247, silver KM#247a
- 1 Crown, (small portrait surrounded by a wreath containing eight stars and an eagle)
- copper-nickel KM#248, silver KM#248a
- 1 Crown, taking the oath of office
- copper-nickel KM#249, silver KM#249a
- 1 Crown, with James Monroe holding the flag – Crossing the Delaware 1776
Eleven Presidents on one coin
- 1987, 4 coin proof set, commemorating the Bicentenary of America’s Constitution features the Statue of Liberty surrounded by these U.S. Presidents in clockwise order; Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, George Washington, James Monroe, Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant, Theodore Roosevelt, Franklin Roosevelt, Dwight Eisenhower, John F. Kennedy and Ronald Reagan
- 1/2 Crown, gold, KM187
- 1 Crown, copper-nickel, KM#176
- 5 Crown, silver, 65.1mm, KM#177
- 10 Crowns, silver, 75mm, KM#188
[edit] Liberia
These are all commemoratives issued in Liberia featuring images of U.S. Presidents with a Liberian arms symbol on the obverse side;
George H. W. Bush
- 1989 inaugural series
- $10 silver KM#57
- $250 gold KM#58
George W. Bush
- $5 2001, shows profile with Dick Cheney
Bill Clinton
- 1993 inaugural series
- $5 silver KM#67
- $10 silver KM#68
- $50 silver KM#69
- $100 silver KM#70
- $250 gold KM#71
Dwight D. Eisenhower
- $10 1994, silver (25th anniversary of his death) KM#157
William H. Harrison
- $5 2000
John F. Kennedy
- 1988 series 25th anniversary of death
- $10 silver KM#54
- $250 gold KM#52
- 1993 series 30th anniversary of death
- $5 silver, KM#103
- $10 silver, KM#104
- $250 gold, KM#105
Richard Nixon
- 1996 series with Chairman Mao Zedong
- $1 copper-nickel, KM#255
- $5 silver, KM#261
- $10 silver, KM#262
Ronald Reagan
- 1997 series with Abraham Lincoln statue
- $1 copper-nickel, KM#386
- $10 silver, KM#387
- $100 gold, KM#388
Franklin D. Roosevelt
- 1995 portrait series
- $1 copper-nickel, KM#141
- $10 silver, KM#146
- $100 gold, KM#151
- 1995 series, Cairo Conference, includes Winston Churchill and Chiang Kai-shek
- $1 copper-nickel, KM#164
- $10 silver, KM#165
- $100 gold, KM#166
Harry S Truman
- 1995 series
- $1 copper-nickel, KM#143
- $10 silver, KM#148
- $100 gold, KM#153
[edit] Marshall Islands
Dwight D. Eisenhower
- 1990 series, saluting in uniform
- $5 copper-nickel, KM#38
- $50 silver, KM#39
John F. Kennedy
- $50 1995, silver, taking oath of office, KM#275
[edit] Niue
Dwight D. Eisenhower
- 1990 series, in uniform
- $5 copper-nickel, KM#29
- $50 silver, KM#30
- $200 gold, KM#45
John F. Kennedy
- 1988 series, “Ich bin ein Berliner” quote
- $5 copper-nickel, KM#17
- $50 silver, KM#18
- $100 silver, KM#19
- $250 gold, KM#20
- $25 1994 (KM#79), 1997 (4 types, KM#82, 96, 97, 98), gold, taking oath of office
- $50 1993, gold, Apollo, KM#65
- $50 1993, gold, KM#66
Franklin D. Roosevelt
- 1990 series “A date which will live in infamy” quote
- $5 copper-nickel, KM#35
- $50 silver, KM#36
- $200 gold, KM#52
[edit] Paraguay
John F. Kennedy
- 1500 Guaranies, 1974, gold, KM#126
- 3000 Guaranies, 1974, gold, KM#138
- 4500 Guaranies, 1974, gold, KM#146
Abraham Lincoln
- 3000 Guaranies, 1974, gold, KM#131
[edit] Turks and Caicos Islands
Dwight D. Eisenhower
- 5 Crowns, 1994, copper-nickel, 50th Anniversary – Normandy Landing, KM#176
Franklin Roosevelt
George Washington
- 1976 series, facing King George III – U.S. Bicentennial
- 20 Crowns, silver, KM#13
- 50 Crowns, gold, KM#15
[edit] United Arab Emirates
Al-Fujairah Richard Nixon
- 2 Riyals, 1969 (AH1388), 1970 (AH1389), silver, KM#2
- 25 Riyals, 1969 (AH1388), 1970 (AH1389), gold, KM#7
Ras al-Khaimah Dwight D. Eisenhower
- 10 Riyals, 1970, silver, memorial, KM#31
Sharjah John F. Kennedy
- 5 Rupees, 1965, silver, memorial, KM#1
[edit] Western Samoa
Franklin D. Roosevelt 1981 series, sitting in wheelchair
- 1 Tala, copper-nickel, KM#47
- 10 Tala, silver, KM#48
[edit] See also
- United States paper money
- Confederate States of America dollar
- List of people on stamps of the United States
- United States dollar
- List of people on banknotes
[edit] References
- Friedberg, Arthur L.; Ira S. Friedberg (2005). Red Book: A Guide Book Of United States Paper Money. Atlanta: Whitman. ISBN 0-79481-786-6.
- Hudgeons, Marc; Tom Hudgeons (2005). Official 2006 Blackbook Price Guide to United States Paper Money. New York: Random House.
- Hughes, Roderick (2004). Official Know-It-All Guide. Hollywood: Fredrick Fell Publishers. ISBN 0-88391-109-4.
- Krause, Chester; Robert F. Lemke (1998). Standard Catalog of United States Paper Money (17th ed.). Iola, WI: Krause Publications. ISBN 0-87341-653-8.
- Krause, Chester L., and Clifford Mishler (1999). 2000 Standard Catalog of World Coins. Colin R. Bruce II (senior editor) (27th ed. ed.). Krause Publications. ISBN 087341750X.
[edit] External links
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