List of United States Senators from Maryland

This is a List of United States Senators from Maryland. Maryland ratified the Constitution on April 28, 1788, becoming the seventh state to do so. To provide for continuity of government, the framers divided Senators into staggered classes that serve six-year terms, and Maryland's Senators are in the first and third classes. Before the passage of the Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution in 1913, which allowed for direct election of Senators, Maryland's Senators were chosen by the Maryland General Assembly. Until the assembly appointed George L. Wellington of Cumberland in 1897, Senators in class 3 were chosen from the Eastern Shore while Senators in class 1 were chosen from the remainder of the state.

Class 1

Class 1 U.S. Senators belong to the electoral cycle that were elected for one session of the U.S. Congress in the first election of 1788 and whose seats in recent years are contested in 1994, 2000, 2006, and 2012.

#	Senator	Party	Years	Congress	Term	Electoral history
1	Charles Carroll	Pro- Administration	March 4, 1789 – November 30, 1792	1	1	Elected in 1789
				2	2	Re-elected in 1791 Resigned to remain in the Maryland Senate
Vacant			November 30, 1792 – January 10, 1793
2	Richard Potts	Pro- Administration	January 10, 1793 – October 24, 1796	2 (Continued)		Elected to finish Carroll's term Resigned
				3
				4
Vacant			October 24, 1796 – November 30, 1796
3	John Eager Howard	Federalist	November 30, 1796 – March 3, 1803	4 (Continued)		Elected to finish Potts's term
				5	3	Re-elected in 1796 [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
				6
				7
4	Samuel Smith	Democratic-Republican	March 4, 1803 – March 3, 1815	8	4	Elected in 1803
				9
				10
				11	5	Re-elected in 1809 [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
				12
				13
Vacant			March 4, 1815 – February 4, 1816	14	6	Legislature failed to elect
5	Robert Goodloe Harper	Federalist	February 5, 1816 – December 6, 1816			Elected late in 1815 [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Vacant			December 6, 1816 – December 20, 1816
6	Alexander Contee Hanson	Federalist	December 20, 1816 – April 23, 1819	14 (Continued)		Elected to finish Harper's term Died
				15
				16
Vacant			April 23, 1819 – December 21, 1819
7	William Pinkney	Democratic-Republican	December 21, 1819 – February 25, 1822	16 (Continued)		Elected to finish Hanson's term
				17	7	Re-elected in 1821 Died
Vacant			February 25, 1822 – December 17, 1822
8	Samuel Smith	Democratic-Republican	December 17, 1822 – March 3, 1833	17 (Continued)		Elected to finish Pinkney's term
		Crawford Republican		18
		Jacksonian		19
				20	8	Re-elected in 1827
				21
				22
9	Joseph Kent	Anti- Jacksonian	March 4, 1833 – November 24, 1837	23	9	Elected in 1833 Died
				24
		Whig		25
Vacant			November 24, 1837 – January 4, 1838
10	William Duhurst Merrick	Whig	January 4, 1838 – March 3, 1845	25 (Continued)		Elected to finish Kent's term
				26	10	Re-elected in 1839
				27
				28
11	Reverdy Johnson	Whig	March 4, 1845 – March 7, 1849	29	11	Elected in 1845 Resigned to become U.S. Attorney General
				30
				31
Vacant			March 7, 1849 – December 6, 1849
12	David Stewart	Whig	December 6, 1849 – January 12, 1850			Appointed to continue Johnson's term Retired when successor elected
13	Thomas Pratt	Whig	January 12, 1850 – March 3, 1857			Elected to finish Johnson's term
				32	12	Re-elected in 1851
				33
				34
14	Anthony Kennedy	American	March 4, 1857 – March 3, 1863	35	13	Elected in 1857
				36
				37
15	Reverdy Johnson	Unionist/ Democratic	March 4, 1863 – July 10, 1868	38	14	Elected in 1863 Resigned to become Ambassador to England
				39
				40
Vacant			July 10, 1868 – July 13, 1868
16	William Pinkney Whyte	Democratic	July 13, 1868 – March 3, 1869	40 (Continued)		Appointed to finish Johnson's term Retired
17	William Thomas Hamilton	Democratic	March 4, 1869 – March 3, 1875	41	15	Elected in 1869 Retired to run for Governor
				42
				43
18	William Pinkney Whyte	Democratic	March 4, 1875 – March 3, 1881	44	16	Elected in 1875 Lost re-election
				45
				46
19	Arthur Pue Gorman	Democratic	March 4, 1881 – March 3, 1899	47	17	Elected in 1881
				48
				49
				50	18	Re-elected in 1887
				51
				52
				53	19	Elected in 1893 Lost re-election
				54
				55
20	Louis E. McComas	Republican	March 4, 1899 – March 3, 1905	56	20	Elected in 1899 Retired to become judge of the U.S. Court of Appeals
				57
				58
21	Isidor Rayner	Democratic	March 4, 1905 – November 25, 1912	59	21	Elected in 1905
				60
				61
				62	22	Re-elected in 1911 Died
Vacant			November 25, 1912 – November 29, 1912
22	William P. Jackson	Republican	November 29, 1912 – January 28, 1914	62 (Continued)		Appointed to continue Rayner's term Retired when successor elected
				63
23	Blair Lee	Democratic	January 28, 1914 – March 3, 1917			Elected to finish Rayner's term Lost re-election
				64
24	Joseph I. France	Republican	March 4, 1917 – March 3, 1923	65	23	Elected in 1916 Lost re-election
				66
				67
25	William Cabell Bruce	Democratic	March 4, 1923 – March 3, 1929	68	24	Elected in 1922 Lost re-election
				69
				70
26	Phillips Lee Goldsborough	Republican	March 4, 1929 – January 3, 1935	71	25	Elected in 1928 Retired to run for Governor
				72
				73
27	George L. P. Radcliffe	Democratic	January 3, 1935 – January 3, 1947	74	26	Elected in 1934
				75
				76
				77	27	Re-elected in 1940 Lost renomination
				78
				79
28	Herbert O'Conor	Democratic	January 3, 1947 – January 3, 1953	80	28	Elected in 1946 Retired
				81
				82
29	James Glenn Beall	Republican	January 3, 1953 – January 3, 1965	83	29	Elected in 1952
				84
				85
				86	30	Re-elected in 1958 Lost re-election
				87
				88
30	Joseph Tydings	Democratic	January 3, 1965 – January 3, 1971	89	31	Elected in 1964 Lost re-election
				90
				91
31	John Glenn Beall	Republican	January 3, 1971 – January 3, 1977	92	32	Elected in 1970 Lost re-election
				93
				94
32	Paul Sarbanes	Democratic	January 3, 1977 – January 3, 2007	95	33	Elected in 1976
				96
				97
				98	34	Re-elected in 1982
				99
				100
				101	35	Re-elected in 1988
				102
				103
				104	36	Re-elected in 1994
				105
				106
				107	37	Re-elected in 2000 Retired
				108
				109
33	Benjamin L. Cardin	Democratic	January 3, 2007 – Present	110	38	Elected in 2006
				111
				112
				113	39	Re-elected in 2012
				114
				115

Class 3

Class 3 U.S. Senators belong to the electoral cycle that were elected for three sessions of the U.S. Congress in the first election of 1788 and whose seats in recent years are contested in 1998, 2004, 2010, and 2016.

#	Senator	Party	Years	Congress	Term	Electoral history
1	John Henry	Pro- Administration	March 4, 1789 – December 10, 1797	1	1	Elected in 1789
				2
				3
				4	2	Re-elected in 1795 Resigned to become Governor of Maryland
				5
2	James Lloyd	Federalist	December 11, 1797 – December 1, 1800			Elected to finish Henry's term Resigned
				6
Vacant			December 1, 1800 – December 12, 1800
3	William Hindman	Federalist	December 12, 1800 – November 19, 1801	6 (Continued)		Elected to finish Lloyd's term
				7	3	Appointed to fill the vacancy after the Legislature failed to elect Retired when successor elected
4	Robert Wright	Democratic-Republican	November 19, 1801 – November 12, 1806			Elected to finish term Resigned to become Governor of Maryland
				8
				9
Vacant			November 12, 1806 – November 25, 1806
5	Philip Reed	Democratic-Republican	November 25, 1806 – March 3, 1813	9 (Continued)		Elected to finish Wright's term
				10	4	Re-elected in 1806 [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
				11
				12
Vacant			March 3, 1813 – May 21, 1813			Legislature failed to elect
6	Robert Henry Goldsborough	Federalist	May 21, 1813 – March 3, 1819	13	5	Elected in 1813 to finish term [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
				14
				15
7	Edward Lloyd	Democratic-Republican	March 4, 1819 – January 14, 1826	16	6	Elected in 1819
				17
		Crawford Republican		18
		Jacksonian		19	7	Re-elected in 1825 Resigned
Vacant			January 14, 1826 – January 24, 1826
8	Ezekiel F. Chambers	National Republican	January 24, 1826 – December 20, 1834	19 (Continued)		Elected to finish Lloyd's term
				20
				21
				22	8	Re-elected in 1831 Resigned to become judge of the Maryland Court of Appeals
				23
Vacant			December 20, 1834 – January 13, 1835
9	Robert Henry Goldsborough	Anti- Jacksonian	January 13, 1835 – October 5, 1836	23 (Continued)		Elected to finish Chambers's term Died
				24
Vacant			October 5, 1836 – December 31, 1836
10	John S. Spence	Anti- Jacksonian	December 31, 1836 – October 24, 1840	24 (Continued)		[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
		Whig		25	9	Re-elected in 1837 Died
				26
Vacant			October 24, 1840 – January 5, 1841
11	John Leeds Kerr	Whig	January 5, 1841 – March 3, 1843	26 (Continued)		Elected to finish Spence's term [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
				27
12	James Pearce	Whig	March 4, 1843 – December 20, 1862	28	10	Elected in 1843
				29
				30
				31	11	Re-elected in 1849
				32
				33
				34	12	Re-elected in 1855
		Democratic		35
				36
				37	13	Re-elected in 1861 Died
Vacant			December 20, 1862 – December 29, 1862
13	Thomas Holliday Hicks	Unionist	December 29, 1862 – February 14, 1865	37 (Continued)		Appointed to continue Pearce's term Elected to finish Pearce's term Died
				38
Vacant			February 14, 1865 – March 9, 1865	38
				39
14	John Creswell	Unionist	March 9, 1865 – March 3, 1867	39 (Continued)		Elected to finish Hicks's term
Vacant			March 4, 1867 – March 7, 1868	40	14	Senator-elect Philip F. Thomas failed to qualify
15	George Vickers	Democratic	March 7, 1868 – March 3, 1873	40 (Continued)		Elected to finish Thomas's term [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
				41
				42
16	George R. Dennis	Democratic	March 4, 1873 – March 3, 1879	43	15	Elected in 1873 [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
				44
				45
17	James Black Groome	Democratic	March 4, 1879 – March 3, 1885	46	16	Elected in 1879 [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
				47
				48
18	Ephraim Wilson	Democratic	March 4, 1885 – February 24, 1891	49	17	Elected in 1884 Died
				50
				51
Vacant			February 24, 1891 – November 19, 1891	51 (Continued)
				52	18
19	Charles Hopper Gibson	Democratic	November 19, 1891 – March 3, 1897	52 (Continued)		Appointed to continue Wilson's term Elected to finish Wilson's term
				53
				54
20	George L. Wellington	Republican	March 4, 1897 – March 3, 1903	55	19	Elected in 1896 Retired
				56
				57
21	Arthur Pue Gorman	Democratic	March 4, 1903 – June 4, 1906	58	20	Elected in 1902 Died
				59
Vacant			June 4, 1906 – June 8, 1906
22	William Pinkney Whyte	Democratic	June 8, 1906 – March 17, 1908	59 (Continued)		Appointed to continue Gorman's term Elected to finish Gorman's term Died
				60
Vacant			March 17, 1908 – March 25, 1908
23	John Walter Smith	Democratic	March 25, 1908 – March 3, 1921	60 (Continued)		Elected to finish Whyte's term
				61	21	Re-elected in 1909
				62
				63
				64	22	Re-elected in 1914 Lost re-election
				65
				66
24	Ovington Weller	Republican	March 4, 1921 – March 3, 1927	67	23	Elected in 1920 Lost re-election
				68
				69
25	Millard E. Tydings	Democratic	March 4, 1927 – January 3, 1951	70	24	Elected in 1926
				71
				72
				73	25	Re-elected in 1932
				74
				75
				76	26	Re-elected in 1938
				77
				78
				79	27	Re-elected in 1944 Lost re-election
				80
				81
26	John Marshall Butler	Republican	January 3, 1951 – January 2, 1963	82	28	Elected in 1950
				83
				84
				85	29	Re-elected in 1956 Retired
				86
				87
27	Daniel B. Brewster	Democratic	January 3, 1963 – January 3, 1969	88	30	Elected in 1962 Lost re-election
				89
				90
28	Charles Mathias	Republican	January 3, 1969 – January 3, 1987	91	31	Elected in 1968
				92
				93
				94	32	Re-elected in 1974
				95
				96
				97	33	Re-elected in 1980 Retired
				98
				99
29	Barbara Mikulski	Democratic	January 3, 1987 – Present	100	34	Elected in 1986
				101
				102
				103	35	Re-elected in 1992
				104
				105
				106	36	Re-elected in 1998
				107
				108
				109	37	Re-elected in 2004
				110
				111
				112	38	Re-elected in 2010
				113
				114

See also

• United States congressional delegations from Maryland
• List of United States Representatives from Maryland