List of United States federal executive orders

The following is an incomplete list of United States federal executive orders.

At the federal level of government in the United States, laws are made almost exclusively by legislation. Such legislation originates as an Act of Congress passed by the Congress of the United States (and its predecessor, the Continental Congress); such acts were either signed into law by the President or passed by Congress after a presidential veto.

However, legislation is not the only source of regulations which have the force of law. There is also judge-made common law and constitutional law. The President can issue executive orders pursuant to a grant of discretion from Congress, or under the inherent powers that office holds to deal with certain matters of foreign policy.

Many early executive orders were not recorded. The State Department began numbering executive orders in the early 20th century, starting retroactively from President Abraham Lincoln's Executive Order Establishing a Provisional Court in Louisiana issued in 1862.

This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.

1800s

• 1836: Specie Circular - Required payment for public lands be in gold and silver specie
• 1872: The Colville Indian Reservation is created. April 9, 1872

1900-1929

• 1901-1909: Executive Orders by President Theodore Roosevelt: Complete List of Executive Orders by President Theodore Roosevelt

• 1914: Executive Order 1888: Providing conditions of employment for the Permanent Force for the Panama Canal

• 1918: Executive Order 2859: National Research Council of the National Academy of Sciences

• 1927: Executive Order 4601: Authorization of the Distinguished Flying Cross

Herbert Hoover (1929-1933)

EO's 5075-6070

Franklin D. Roosevelt (1933-1945)

EO's 6071-9537

1933 - E.O. 6071 - E.O. 6545 (573 Executive orders signed)

• 1933: Executive Order 6102: Prohibited the hoarding of gold coins, gold bullion, and gold certificates
• 1933: Executive Order 6340: Created the Commodity Credit Corporation

1934 - E.O. 6546 - E.O. 6935 (474 Executive orders signed)

• 1934: Executive Order 6591: Cancelled all domestic mail contracts

1935 - E.O. 6936 - E.O. 7261 (394 Executive orders signed)

• 1935: Executive Order 7034: Created the Works Progress Administration (WPA), May 6, 1935

1936 - E.O. 7262 - E.O. 7531 (274 Executive orders signed)

1937 - E.O. 7532 - E.O. 7784 (253 Executive orders signed)

1938 - E.O. 7784-A - E.O. 8030 (247 Executive orders signed)

1939 - E.O. 8031 - E.O. 8316 (287 Executive orders signed)

• 1939: Executive Order 8034: Created the Federal Real Estate Board
• 1939: Executive Order 8248: Reorganised the Executive Office of the President

1940 - E.O. 8317 - E.O. 8624 (309 Executive orders signed)

1941 - E.O. 8625 - E.O. 9005 (383 Executive orders signed)

• 1941: Executive Order 8802: Prohibited racial, religious, and ethnic discrimination in the defense industry

1942 - E.O. 9006 - E.O. 9292 (289 Executive orders signed)

• 1942: Executive Order 9066: Established areas in the U.S. from which any or all persons may be excluded → Japanese-American internment
• 1942: Executive Order 9095: Created the Office of the Alien Property Custodian
• 1942: Executive Order 9102: Created the War Relocation Authority for the internment of Japanese-Americans
• 1942: Executive Order 9139: Created the War Manpower Commission
• 1942: Executive Order 9260: Established the rules for awarding the Legion of Merit and required the President's approval for its award

1943 - E.O. 9293 - E.O. 9412 (122 Executive orders signed)

1944 - E.O. 9413 - E.O. 9508 (100 Executive orders signed)

1945 - E.O. 9509 - E.O. 9537 (29 Executive orders signed)

Harry S Truman (1945-1953)

Administration of Harry S Truman Executive Orders Disposition Tables

EO's 9538-10431

1945 - E.O. 9538 - E.O. 9672 (139 Executive orders signed)

1945 - Executive Order 9621: Termination of the Office of Strategic Services

1946 - E.O. 9673 - E.O. 9817 (148 Executive orders signed)

• 1946: Executive Order 9761: Preservation and Display of Enemy Flags Captured by the Navy and the Coast Guard. Supersedes: Executive order of February 9, 1849

1947 - E.O. 9818 - E.O. 9918 (100 Executive orders signed)

• 1947: Executive Order 9835: Established the first general loyalty program designed to root out Communists in the government.

1948 - E.O. 9919 - E.O. 10025 (117 Executive orders signed)

• 1948: Executive Order 9981: Prohibited racial, religious, and ethnic discrimination in the armed forces

1949 - E.O. 10026 - E.O. 10094 (69 Executive orders signed)

1950 - E.O. 10095 - E.O. 10199 (95 Executive orders signed)

1951 - E.O. 10200 - E.O. 10317 (118 Executive orders signed)

1952 - E.O. 10318 - E.O. 10420 (104 Executive orders signed)

• 1952: Executive Order 10340: Ordered Secretary of Commerce to seize steel mills to prevent labor strike. Found unconstitutional by the Supreme Court in Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer.

1953 - E.O. 10421 - E.O. 10431 (11 Executive orders signed)

Dwight D. Eisenhower (1953-1961)

Administration of Dwight D. Eisenhower Executive Orders Disposition Tables

EO's 10432-10913

• 1959: Executive Order 10834: Defined the design of the flag of the United States
  

  

  U.S. flag design as defined by Executive Order 10834.

John F. Kennedy (1961-1963)

EO's 10914-11127

• 1961: Executive Order 10925: Created the Equal Employment Opportunities Commission

• 1962: Executive Order 11051 was revoked by Executive Order 12148: Specifies the duties and responsibilities of the Office of Emergency Planning and gives authorization to put ALL executive orders into effect in times deemed to be of increased international tension, economic crisis, and/or financial crisis

• 1963: Executive Order 11110: Delegating the authority to issue silver certificates under the Agricultural Adjustment Act of May 12, 1933 to the Secretary of the Treasury

Lyndon B. Johnson (1963-1969)

EO's 11128-11451

• 1963: Executive Order 11129: Decreed on November 29, 1963 that the NASA Launch Operations Center (LOC), including facilities on Merritt Island and Cape Canaveral, would be renamed the John F. Kennedy Space Center, NASA. That name change officially took effect on December 20, 1963
• 1964: Executive Order 11130: Created Warren Commission to investigate the assassination of president Kennedy
• 1965: Executive Order 11246: Prohibited discrimination in employment decisions on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin
• 1966: Executive Order 11310: Grants authority to the Department of Justice to enforce the plans set out in Executive Orders, to institute industrial support, to establish judicial and legislative liaison, to control all aliens, to operate penal and correctional institutions, and to advise and assist the President

Richard Nixon (1969-1974)

EO's 11452-11797

• 1969: Executive Order 11478: Prohibiting discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, national origin, handicap, or age in the competitive service of the federal civilian workforce, which includes civilians employed by the armed forces and by federal contractors and contractors performing under federally assisted construction contracts. Some categories were added by Executive Order 13087 in 1998 and Executive Order 13152 in 2000.

Gerald R. Ford (1974-1977)

EO's 11798-11966

• 1975: Executive Order 11850: Renunciation of certain uses in war of chemical herbicides and riot control agents.

• 1976: Executive Order 11905: Outlawed the use of political assassination.

• 1976: Executive Order 11921: Allows the Federal Emergency Preparedness Agency to develop plans to establish control over the mechanisms of production, distribution, energy sources, wages, salaries, credit, and the flow of money.

Jimmy Carter (1977-1981)

EO's 11967-12286

• 1978: Executive Order 12036: Reformed the Intelligence Community and further banned assassination.
• 1979: Executive Order 12148: Established the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)
• 1979: Executive Order 12170: Allows the freezing of all Iranian assets held within the United States

Ronald Reagan (1981-1989)

EO's 12287-12667

• 1981: Executive Order 12333: Strengthened management of the United States Intelligence Community
• 1982: Executive Order 12372: Intergovernmental Review of federal programs
• 1988: Executive Order 12656: Assignment of Emergency Preparedness Responsibilities
• 1988: Executive Order 12631: Working Group on Financial Markets
• 1989: Executive Order 12667: Establishes procedure for access to Presidential Records. (Revoked by Executive Order 13233, 1 November 2001. Restored by Barack Obama on 21 January 2009.)

George H.W. Bush (1989-1993)

EO's 12668-12833

• 1992: Executive Order 12810: implemented United Nations sanctions against engaging in economic activities in Yugoslavia. Noteworthy for its role in the extradition attempts of Bobby Fischer. (This Executive Order was later terminated in 2003)
• 1993: Executive Order 12829: Created the National Industrial Security Program

Bill Clinton (1993-2001)

EO's 12834-13197

Number	Title/Description	Date signed
12898	Regarding Environmental justice	1994
12957	Banning U.S. investment in Iran's energy sector - see Iran and Libya Sanctions Act	1995
12958	Prescribing a uniform system for classifying, safeguarding, and declassifying national security information	1995
12959	Eliminating all trade and investment and virtually all interaction between the United States and Iran	1995
12986	Regarding national parks	1996
13010	Establishment of the Infrastructure Protection Task Force ("IPTF") to help protect critical infrastructure	1996
13073	Year 2000 Conversion. Established the President's Council on Year 2000 Conversion.	1998
13087	Prohibiting discrimination based on sexual orientation in the competitive service of the federal civilian workforce, which includes civilians employed by the armed forces	1998
13112	On Feb 3, 1999, Executive Order 13112 was signed establishing the National Invasive Species Council. The Executive Order requires that a Council of Departments dealing with invasive species be created.	1999
13128	implementation of the Chemical Weapons Convention	1999
13132	Directs federal agencies to respect constitutional rights of states →Federalism	1999
13158	Established the National Marine Protected Areas Initiative	2000
13166	Required Federal agencies to provide services so that individuals with limited English proficiency (LEP) can have meaningful access to them.	2000
13175	Directed Federal agencies on the conduct of regular and meaningful consultation and collaboration with tribal officials in the development of Federal policies that have tribal implications.	2000

George W. Bush (2001-2009)

Executive Orders numbered 13198 - 13486 (January 29, 2001 through January 9, 2009)

Number	Title/Description	Date signed	Federal Register
			Page	Date
13198	Established agency responsibilities with respect to faith-based and community initiatives	2001-01-29	66 FR 8497	2001-01-31
13199	Established the White House Office of Faith-Based and Community Initiatives	2001-01-29	66 FR 8499	2001-01-31
13200	President's Information Technology Advisory Committee, Further Amendment to Executive Order 13035, as Amended.	2001-02-11	66 FR 10183	2001-02-14
13201	Notification of Employee Rights Concerning Payment of Union Dues or Fees.	2001-02-17	66 FR 11221	2001-02-22
13202	Preservation of Open Competition and Government Neutrality Towards Government Contractors' Labor Relations on Federal and Federally Funded Construction Projects	2001-02-17	66 FR 11225	2001-02-22
13203	Revocation of Executive Order and Presidential Memorandum Concerning Labor-Management Partnerships	2001-02-17	66 FR 11227	2001-02-22
13204	Revocation of Executive Order on Nondisplacement of Qualified Workers Under Certain Contracts	2001-02-17	66 FR 11228	2001-02-22
13205	Establishing an Emergency Board To Investigate a Dispute Between Northwest Airlines, Inc., and Its Employees Represented by the Aircraft Mechanics Fraternal Association.	2001-03-09	66 FR 15011	2001-03-14
13206	Termination of Emergency Authority for Certain Export Controls.	2001-04-04	66 FR 18397	2001-04-09
13207	Further Amendment to Executive Order 10000, Regulations Governing Additional Compensation and Credit Granted Certain Employees of the Federal Government Serving Outside the United States	2001-04-05	66 FR 18399	2001-04-09
13208	Amendment to Executive Order 13202, Preservation of Open Competition and Government Neutrality Towards Government Contractors' Labor Relations on Federal and Federally Funded Construction Projects	2001-04-06	66 FR 18399	2001-04-09
13209	Amendment to Executive Order 13183, Establishment of the President's Task Force on Puerto Rico's Status.	2001-04-30	66 FR 22105	2001-05-02
13210	President's Commission To Strengthen Social Security	2001-05-02	66 FR 22105	2001-05-04
13211	Actions Concerning Regulations That Significantly Affect Energy Supply, Distribution, or Use	2001-05-18	66 FR 28355	2001-05-22
13212	Actions To Expedite Energy-Related Projects	2001-05-18	66 FR 28357	2001-05-22
13213	Additional Measures With Respect To Prohibiting the Importation of Rough Diamonds From Sierra Leone	2001-05-22	66 FR 28829	2001-05-24
13214	President's Task Force To Improve Health Care Delivery for Our Nation's Veterans.	2001-05-28	66 FR 29447	2001-05-31
13215	President's Information Technology Advisory Committee, Further Amendment to Executive Order 13035, as Amended.	2001-05-31	66 FR 30285	2001-06-05
13216	Amendment to Executive Order 13125, Increasing Participation of Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders in Federal Programs.	2001-06-06	66 FR 31373	2001-06-11
13217	Community-Based Alternatives for Individuals With Disabilities	2001-06-18	66 FR 33155	2001-06-21
13218	21st Century Workforce Initiative	2001-06-20	66 FR 33627	2001-06-22
13219	Blocking Property of Persons Who Threaten International Stabilization Efforts in the Western Balkans.	2001-06-26	66 FR 34775	2001-06-29
13220	Waiver Under the Trade Act of 1974 With Respect to the Republic of Belarus.	2001-07-02	66 FR 35527	2001-07-05
13221	Energy Efficient Standby Power Devices	2001-07-31	66 FR 40571	2001-08-02
13222	Continuation of Export Control Regulations	2001-08-17	66 FR 44025	2001-08-22
13223	Ordering the Ready Reserve of the Armed Forces to Active Duty and Delegating Certain Authorities to the Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of Transportation.	2001-09-14	66 FR 48201	2001-09-18
13224	Blocking property and prohibiting transactions with persons who commit, threaten to commit, or support terrorism	2001-09-23	66 FR 49079	2001-09-25
13225	Continuance of Certain Federal Advisory Committees	2001-09-28	66 FR 50291	2001-10-03
13226	President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology	2001-09-30	66 FR 50523	2001-10-03
13227	President's Commission on Excellence in Special Education	2001-10-02	66 FR 51289	2001-10-05
13228	Establishing the Office of Homeland Security and the Homeland Security Council	2001-10-08	66 FR 51812	2001-10-10
13229	Amendment to Executive Order 13045, Extending the Task Force on Environmental Health Risks and Safety Risks to Children	2001-10-09	66 FR 52013	2001-10-11
13230	President's Advisory Commission on Educational Excellence for Hispanic Americans	2001-10-12	66 FR 52841	2001-10-17
13231	Critical Infrastructure Protection in the Information Age	2001-10-16	66 FR 53063	2001-10-18
13232	Further Amendment to Executive Order 10789, as Amended, To Authorize the Department of Health and Human Services To Exercise Certain Contracting Authority in Connection With National Defense Functions	2001-10-20	66 FR 53941	2001-10-24
13233	Furthers implementation of the Presidential Records Act	2001-11-01	66 FR 56025	2001-11-05
13234	Presidential Task Force on Citizen Preparedness in the War on Terrorism	2001-11-09	66 FR 57355	2001-11-15
13235	National Emergency Construction Authority	2001-11-16	66 FR 58343	2001-11-20
13236	Waiver of Dual Compensation Provisions of the Central Intelligence Agency Retirement Act of 1964	2001-11-27	66 FR 59671	2001-11-29
13237	Creation of the President's Council on Bioethics	2001-11-28	66 FR 59851	2001-11-30
13238	Closing of Federal Government Executive Departments and Agencies on Monday, December 24, 2001	2001-12-05	66 FR 63903	2001-12-10
13239	Designation of Afghanistan and the Airspace Above as a Combat Zone	2001-12-12	66 FR 64907	2001-12-14
13240	Council of Europe in Respect of the Group of States Against Corruption	2001-12-18	66 FR 64907
13278	President's Commission on the United States Postal Service
13292	Further amendment to Executive Order 12958, as amended, classified national security information
13303	Protecting the Development Fund for Iraq and certain other property in which Iraq has an interest
13326	President's Commission on implementation of United States space exploration policy
13355	Strengthened Management of the Intelligence Community	2004-08-27
13356	Strengthening the Sharing of Terrorism Information To Protect Americans	2004-08-27
13388	Further strengthening the sharing of terrorism Information to protect Americans
13390	Establishment of a Coordinator of Federal Support for the Recovery and Rebuilding of the Gulf Coast Region
13395	Designating the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria as a public international organization entitled to enjoy certain privileges, exemptions, and immunities
13396	Blocking property of certain persons contributing to the conflict in Côte d'Ivoire
13397	Responsibilities of the Department of Homeland Security with respect to faith-based and community initiatives
13398	National Mathematics Advisory Panel
13406	Limits the Federal Government's use of eminent domain to situations in which the seizure is for public use, with just compensation, and is intended to benefit the general public, excluding certain specific instances
13435	Expanding Approved Stem Cell Lines in Ethically Responsible Ways	2007-06-20	72 FR 3112	2007-06-22
13438	Blocking Property of Certain Persons Who Threaten Stabilization Efforts in Iraq
13483	Adjustments of Certain Rates of Pay
13484	Amending the Order of Succession Within the Department of Agriculture
13485	Providing an Order of Succession Within the Department of Transportation
13486	Strengthening Laboratory Biosecurity in the United States
	National Security and Homeland Security Presidential Directive: address continuity of government in the event of a "catastrophic emergency" disrupting the U.S. population, economy, environment, infrastructure and government policy.

Barack Obama (2009-present)

No.	Title/Description	Date signed
13489	Presidential Records	2009-01-21
13490	Ethics Commitments by Executive Branch Personnel	2009-01-21
13491	Ensuring Lawful Interrogations	2009-01-22
13492	Review and Disposition of Individuals Detained at the Guantanamo Bay Naval Base and Closure of Detention Facilities	2009-01-22
13493	Review of Detention Policy Options	2009-01-22
13494	Economy in Government Contracting	2009-01-30
13495	Nondisplacement of Qualified Workers Under Service Contracts	2009-01-30
13496	Notification of Employee Rights Under Federal Labor Laws (Repealed Executive Order 13201	2009-01-30
13497	Revocation of Certain Executive Orders Concerning Regulatory Planning and Review	2009-02-05
13498	Amendments to Executive Order 13199 and Establishment of the President's Advisory Council for Faith-Based and Neighborhood Partnerships	2009-02-06
13499	Further Amendments to Executive Order 12835, Establishment of the National Economic Council	2009-02-05
13500	Further Amendments to Executive Order 12859, Establishment of the Domestic Policy Council	2009-02-05
13501	Establishing the President's Economic Recovery Advisory Board	2009-02-06
13502	Use of Project Labor Agreements for Federal Construction Projects	2009-02-06
13503	Establishment of the White House Office of Urban Affairs	2009-02-19
13504	Amending Executive Order 13390	2009-02-19
13505	Removing Barriers to Responsible Scientific Research Involving Human Stem Cells	2009-03-09
13506	Establishing a White House Council on Women and Girls	2009-03-11
13507	Establishment of the White House Office of Health Reform	2009-04-08
13508	Chesapeake Bay Protection and Restoration	2009-05-12
13509	Establishing a White House Council on Automotive Communities and Workers	2009-06-23
13514	Federal Leadership in Environmental, Energy, and Economic Performance	2009-10-05
13524	Amending Executive Order 12425 Designating Interpol as a Public International Organization Entitled to Enjoy Certain Privileges, Exemptions, and Immunities	2009-12-17
13528	Establishment of the Council of Governors.	2010-01-11
13535	Ensuring Enforcement and Implementation of Abortion Restrictions in the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act	2010-03-23
13543	National Commission on the BP Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill and Offshore Drilling	2010-05-21
13544	Establishing the National Prevention, Health Promotion, and Public Health Council	2010-06-10
13545	President's Council on Fitness, Sports, and Nutrition	2010-06-22
13546	Optimizing the Security of Biological Select Agents and Toxins in the United States	2010-07-02
13547	Stewardship of the Ocean, Our Coasts, and the Great Lakes	2010-07-19
13548	Increasing Federal Employment of Individuals With Disabilities	2010-07-26
13549	Classified National Security Information Program for State, Local, Tribal, and Private Sector Entities	2010-08-18
13550	Establishment of Pakistan and Afghanistan Support Office	2010-08-18
13551	Blocking Property of Certain Persons With Respect to North Korea	2010-08-30
13552	2010 Amendments to the Manual for Courts-Martial, United States	2010-08-31
13553	Blocking Property of Certain Persons With Respect to Serious Human Rights Abuses by the Government of Iran and Taking Certain Other Actions	2010-09-28
13554	Establishing the Gulf Coast Ecosystem Restoration Task Force	2010-10-05
13555	White House Initiative on Educational Excellence for Hispanics	2010-10-19
13556	Controlled Unclassified Information	2010-11-04
13557	Providing an Order of Succession Within the Department of Justice	2010-11-04
13558	Export Enforcement Coordination Center	2010-11-09
13559	Fundamental Principles and Policymaking Criteria for Partnerships With Faith-Based and Other Neighborhood Organizations	2010-11-17
13560	White House Council for Community Solutions	2010-12-14
13561	Adjustments to Certain Rates of Pay	2010-12-22
13562	Recruiting and Hiring Students and Recent Graduates	2010-12-27

See also

• List of sources of law in the United States
• List of United States federal legislation
• National Security Directive

External links

National Archives and Records Administration:

• Executive Orders
• Disposition Tables of Executive Orders
• Codification of Executive Orders
• About Executive Orders

• A list of Executive Orders related to national security, and their texts, can be found at:
  • Federation of American Scientists Intelligence Resource Program