List of adjectival and demonymic forms of place names
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
 |
This article relies largely or entirely upon a single source. Please help improve this article by introducing citations to additional sources. Discussion about the problems with the sole source used may be found on the talk page. (August 2008) |
 |
This article includes a list of references, but its sources remain unclear because it has insufficient inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (April 2009) |
The following is a partial list of adjectival forms of place names in English and their demonymic equivalents, which denote the people or the inhabitants of these places.
Note: Demonyms are given in plural forms. Singular forms simply remove the final 's' or, in the case of -ese endings, are the same as the plural forms. The ending -men has feminine equivalent -women (e.g. an Irishman and a Scotswoman). The French terminations -ois / ais serve as both the singular and plural masculine; adding 'e' (-oise / aise) makes them singular feminine; 'es' (-oises / aises) makes them plural feminine. The Spanish termination "-o" usually denotes the masculine and is normally changed to feminine by replacing the "-o" with "-a". The plural forms are usually "-os" and "-as" respectively.
Adjectives ending -ish can be used as collective demonyms (e.g. the English, the Cornish). So can those ending in -ch / -tch (e.g. the French, the Dutch) provided they are pronounced with a 'ch' sound (e.g., the adjective Czech does not qualify).
Where an adjective is a link, the link is to the language or dialect of the same name. (Reference: Ethnologue, Languages of the World)
Many place-name adjectives and many demonyms refer also to various other things, sometimes with and sometimes without one or more additional words. (Sometimes, the use of one or more additional words is optional.) Notable examples are cheeses, cat breeds, dog breeds, and horse breeds. (See List of words derived from toponyms.)
[edit] Continents
Entries in italics are continental regions.
| Name | Adjective | Demonym |
|---|---|---|
| Africa | African | Africans |
| Antarctica | Antarctic | Antarctican |
| America | Americana | Americansa |
| Asia | Asian | Asians |
| Middle East | Middle Eastern | Middle Easterners |
| Australasia | Australasian | Australasians |
| Australia | Australian | Australians |
| Eurasia | Eurasian | Eurasians |
| Europe | European | Europeans |
| North America | North American | North Americans |
| Central America | Central American | Central Americans |
| Oceania | Oceanian | Oceanians |
| South America | South American | South Americans |
|
aUsually used to identify specifically the United States of America or its people. |
||
[edit] Countries and nations
 |
Look up Appendix:Countries of the world in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. |
a Formerly known as Upper Volta.
b Also known as Myanmar.
c Sometimes considered offensive.
d The penultimate syllable is stressed.
e The second syllable is stressed.
f Rare and/or archaic.
g There is no adjective or demonym that distinguishes the Republic of Ireland from the entire island of Ireland. When distinction from Northern Ireland is necessary, the colloquial Southern Irish or Southerner is sometimes used; some people in the Republic of Ireland may find this offensive, though others in Northern Ireland may find it equally offensive in not distinguishing the Republic of Ireland from the island. As an alternative, an adjectival phrase may be used – for instance, "a law of the Republic of Ireland" – or, as a last resort, the name "Republic of Ireland" may be used as if it were an adjective (as in "a Republic of Ireland law").
h Scotch is only normally used for manufactured products of Scotland, most commonly food and drink - in most other contexts it is archaic and often considered mildly derogatory. Scottish is used for everything else.
i In near-universal use, though many adjectives for U.S. citizens have been proposed.
j In near-universal use, though many alternative words for American have been proposed.
[edit] Cities
Main article: Adjectivals and demonyms for cities
Note: Many of these adjectivals and demonyms are not used in English as frequently as their counterparts in other languages. A common practice is to use a city's name as if it were an adjective, as in "Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra", "Melbourne suburbs", etc.
| City | Country or state/province | Adjective | Demonym (colloquial) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aberdeen | Scotland | Aberdonian | Aberdonians | |
| Adelaide | South Australia | Adelaidian | Adelaidians | |
| Albany | New York | Albanian | Albanians | |
| Alexandria | Egypt | Alexandrian | Alexandrines | |
| Amalfi | Italy | Amalfitan | Amalfitans | |
| Aosta | Italy | Aostan, Aostain | Aostans, Aostains | |
| Armagh | Northern Ireland | Armachian | Armachians | |
| Athens | Greece | Athenian | Athenians | |
| Atlanta | Georgia | Atlantan | Atlantans | |
| Auckland | New Zealand | Auckland | Aucklanders ("Jafas") | |
| Austin | Texas | Austonian | Austinite | |
| Baltimore | Maryland | Baltimorean | Baltimoreans | |
| Bangkok | Thailand | Bangkokian | Bangkokians | |
| Baton Rouge | Louisiana | Baton Rougean | Baton Rougeans | |
| Bedford | England | Bedfordian (not Bedfordite) | Bedfordians | |
| Beijing (Peking) | China | Pekinese | Beijinger, Pekinese | |
| Belfast | Northern Ireland | Belfastian | Belfastians | |
| Belo Horizonte | Brazil | Belo-Horizontino | Belo-Horizontinos | |
| Belgrade | Serbia | Belgradian | Belgraders | |
| Benevento | Italy | Beneventan | Beneventans | |
| Bergamo | Italy | Bergamasque | Bergamasques | |
| Berlin | Germany | Berliner | Berliners | |
| Bern | Switzerland | Bernese | Bernese | |
| Birmingham | England | Birminghamian ("Brummie") | Birminghamians ("Brummies") | |
| Birmingham | Alabama | Birminghamian | Birminghamians ("Birminghamsters") | |
| Bologna | Italy | Bolognese | Bolognese | |
| Bogota | Colombia | Bogotan | Bogotans | |
| Bolton | England | Boltonian | Boltonians | |
| Boston | Massachusetts | Bostonian | Bostonians | |
| Brasilia | Brazil | Brasiliense | Brasilienses | |
| Bratislava | Slovakia | Bratislavan | Bratislavan | |
| Brescia | Italy | Brescian | Brescians | |
Brighton[disambiguation needed  ] |
Wisconsin | Brightonian | Brightonians | |
| Brisbane | Queensland | Brisbanian | Brisbanians (Brisbanites) | |
| Bristol | England | Bristolian | Bristolians | |
| Brussels | Belgium | Bruxellois1, Brusselaar2, Brusseleer3 | ||
| Budapest | Hungary | Budapesti | Budapesters | |
| Buenos Aires | Argentina | Porteño | Porteños | |
| Buffalo | New York | Buffalonian | Buffalonians | |
| Cairns | Queensland | Cairnian | Cairnians | |
| Cairo | Egypt | (Cairene) | Cairenes | |
| Calgary | Alberta | Calgarian | Calgarians | |
| Cambridge | England | Cantabrigian | Cantabrigians4 | |
| Cambridge | Massachusetts | |||
| Campinas | Brazil | Campineiro | Campineiros | |
| Canberra | Australia | Canberran | Canberrans | |
| Cape Town | South Africa | (Capetonian) | Capetonians | |
| Caracas | Venezuela | Caraquenian | Caraquenians | |
| Carystus | Greece | Carystian | Carystians | |
| Charlotte | North Carolina | Charlottean | Charlotteans | |
| Chicago | Illinois | Chicagoan | Chicagoans | |
| Cincinnati | Ohio | Cincinnatian | Cincinnatian | |
| Cleveland | Ohio | Clevelander | ||
| Copenhagen | Denmark | Copenhagener | Copenhageners | |
| Corinth | Greece | Corinthian | Corinthians | |
| Cork | Republic of Ireland | Cork | Corkonians ("Leesiders") | |
| Cracow (Kraków) | Poland | Cracovian (Krakovian) | Cracovians (Krakovians) | |
| Curitiba | Brazil | Curitibano | Curitibanos | |
| Dallas | Texas | Dallasites | ||
| Da Lat | Vietnam | Dalatese | Dalatese | |
| Darwin | Northern Territory | Darwinian5 | Darwinians | |
| Davao | Philippines | Dabawenio | ||
| Denver | Colorado | Denverite | Denverites | |
| Detroit | Michigan | Detroiters | ||
| Dublin | Ireland | Dublin | Dubliners ("Dubs") | |
| Dundee | Scotland | Dundonian | Dundonians | |
| Dunedin | New Zealand | Dunedin | Dunedinites | |
| East Troy | Wisconsin | East Trojan | East Trojans | |
| Edinburgh | Scotland | Edinburgian | Edinburger | |
| Edmonton | Alberta | Edmontonian | Edmontonians | |
| Epidaurus | Greece | Epidaurian | Epidaurians | |
| Florence | Italy | Florentine | Florentines | |
| Fort Lauderdale | Florida | Fort Lauderdalers, Fort Lauderdalians | ||
| Foz do Iguaçu | Brazil | Iguaçuense | Iguaçuenses | |
| Fresno | California | Fresnans, Fresnoans | ||
| Galway | Republic of Ireland | Galway | Galwegians | |
| Geneva | Switzerland | Genevan, Genevese | Genevans, Genevese | |
| Genoa | Italy | Genoese | Genoese | |
| Glasgow | Scotland | Glaswegian | Glaswegians | |
| Gold Coast | Queensland | Gold Coast | Gold Coasters | |
| Grand Rapids | Michigan | Grand Rapidian | Grand Rapidians | |
| Guadalajara | México | Tapatío | Tapatíos | |
| Halifax | Nova Scotia | Haligonian | Haligonians | |
| Hamilton | Ontario | Hamiltonian | Hamiltonians | |
| Hamilton | New Zealand | |||
| Hanoi | Vietnam | Hanoian | Hanoians | |
| Hanover | Germany | Hanoverian | Hanoverians | |
| Hartlepool | England | Hartlepudlian | Hartlepudlian ("Monkey hanger") | |
| Helsinki | Finland | Helsinkian | Helsinkians | |
| Ho Chi Minh City | Vietnam | Saigonese | Saigoners | |
| Hong Kong | China | Hong Kong, Hongkongese | Hongkongers, Hongkongese | |
| Honolulu | Hawaii | Honolulan | Honolulans | |
| Houston | Texas | Houstonian | Houstonians | |
| Invercargill | New Zealand | Invercargill | Invercargillites, Invercargillonians | |
| Inverness | Scotland | Invernessian | Invernessians | |
| Iqaluit | Nunavut | Iqalummiut (sing. Iqalummiuq) | ||
| Itabira | Brazil | Itabirano | Itabiranos | |
| Istanbul | Turkey | Istanbulite | Istanbulites | |
| Izmir | Turkey | Izmirian | Izmirians | |
| Jerusalem | Israel | Jerusalemite, Yerushalmi ירושלמי (Hebrew) |
Jerusalemites, Yerushalmim | |
| Juiz de Fora | Brazil | Juiz-forano | Juiz-foranos | |
| Juneau City/Borough | Alaska | Juneauites | ||
| Kastoria | Greece | Kastorian | Kastorians | |
| Kenosha | Wisconsin | Kenoshan | Kenoshans | |
| Kingston | New Jersey | Kingstonian | Kingstonians | |
| Knoxville | Tennessee | Knoxvillian | Knoxvillians | |
| Kuala Lumpur | Malaysia | ("KL-ites"6) | ||
| Lagos | Nigeria | Lagosian | Lagosians | |
| La Paz | Bolivia | Paceño | Paceños | |
| Las Vegas | Nevada | Las Vegan | Vegan | |
| Leeds | England | Leodensian | Leodensians | |
| León | Spain | Leonese | Leoneses | |
| Lima | Peru | Limeño | Limeños | |
| Liverpool | England | Liverpudlian | Liverpudlians ("Scousers") | |
| Livorno | Italy | Leghornese, Livornese | Leghornese, Livornese | |
| London | England | Londoner | Londoners | |
| Londrina | Brazil | Londrinense | Londrinenses | |
| Los Angeles | California | Angeleno | Angelenos | |
| Lucca | Italy | Lucchese | Lucchesi | |
| Lyon (Lyons) | France | Lyonese | Lyonese | |
| Macau | China | Macanese | Macanese | |
| Madrid | Spain | Madrilenian; Madrileño (Spanish) | Madrilenians; Madrileños (Spanish) | |
| Málaga | Spain | Malagan | Malagans | |
| Manchester | England | Mancunian | Mancunians ("Mancs") | |
| Manila | Philippines | Manileño | Manileños | |
| Mantua | Italy | Mantuan | Mantuans | |
| Marathon | Greece | Marathonian | Marathonians | |
| Marseille | France | Marseillais | Marseillais | |
| Megara | Greece | Megarian | Megarians | |
| Melbourne | Victoria | Melburnian | Melburnians | |
| Memphis | Tennessee | Memphian | Memphians | |
| Messina | Italy | Messinese | Messinese | |
| Mexico City | Mexico | Capitalino | Capitalinos ("Chilangos"/"Defeños") | |
| Milan | Italy | Milanese | Milanese | |
| Milan | New York | Milanites, Milaners | ||
| Milwaukee | Wisconsin | Milwaukeean | Milwaukeeans | |
| Misrata | Libya | Misratan | Misratans | |
| Minneapolis | Minnesota | Minneapolitan | Minneapolitans | |
| Modena | Italy | Modenese | Modenese | |
| Montreal | Quebec | Montreal | Montrealers | |
| Moscow | Russia | Muscovite | Muscovites | |
| Mumbai | India | Mumbaikar | Mumbaikars | |
| Muncie | Indiana | Munsonian | Munsonian | |
| Munich | Germany | Münchner | Münchner | |
| Naples | Italy | Neapolitan | Neapolitans | |
| Nashville | Tennessee | Nashvillian | Nashvillians | |
| Nassau | The Bahamas | Nassuvian | Nassuvians | |
| Nelson | New Zealand | Nelson | Nelsonians | |
| New Orleans | Louisiana | New Orleanian | New Orleanians, New Orleaners ("Yats") | |
| New York City | New York | New York | New Yorkers ("Gothamites"/"Knickerbockers") | |
| • The Bronx | Bronx | Bronxites, Bronxers | ||
| • Brooklyn | Brooklyn | Brooklynites (archaic: "Trolley Dodgers") | ||
| • Manhattan | Manhattan | Manhattanites | ||
| • Queens | Queens | Queensites | ||
| • Staten Island7 | Staten Island | Staten Islanders | ||
| Newcastle | New South Wales | Novocastrian | Novocastrians | |
| Newcastle | England | Novocastrian ("Geordie") | Novocastrians ("Geordies") | |
| Nice | France | Niçois | Niçois | |
| Nicosia | Cyprus | Nicosian | Nicosians | |
| Northampton | England | Northamptonian | Northamptonians | |
| Oakland | California | Oaklander | Oaklanders | |
| Oamaru | New Zealand | Oamaru, Oamaruvian | Oamaruvians | |
| Odessa | Ukraine | Odessit(e) | Odessites | |
| Oslo | Norway | Oslovian | Oslovians | |
| Osaka | Japan | Osakan | Naniwakko (難波っ子/浪速っ子; Japanese), Osakans (English) | |
| Ottawa | Ontario | Ottawan | Ottawans | |
| Oxford | England | Oxonian | Oxonians8 | |
| Paddock Lake | Wisconsin | Paddock Laker | Paddock Lakers | |
| Padua | Italy | Paduan | Paduans | |
| Palermo | Italy | Palermitan | Palermitans | |
| Palmerston North | New Zealand | Palmerstonian | Palmerstonians | |
| Paris | France | Parisian | Parisians | |
| Parma | Italy | Parmesan | Parmesans | |
| Perth | Western Australia | Perth | Perthites (Sandgropers, Perthlings) | |
| Perugia | Italy | Perugian | Perugians | |
| Peterborough | United Kingdom | Peterbourian | Peterbourians | |
| Philadelphia | Pennsylvania | (Philadelphian) | Philadelphians | |
| Phoenix | Arizona | Phoenician, Phoenixer | Phoenicians, Phoenixers | |
| Pisa | Italy | Pisan | Pisans | |
| Pittsburgh | Pennsylvania | Pittsburgher | Pittsburghers | |
| Pompeii | Italy | Pompei(i)an | Pompei(i)ans | |
| Ponferrada | Spain | Ponferradian | Ponferradians | |
| Porto Alegre | Brazil | Porto-Alegrense | Porto-Alegrenses | |
| Portland | Oregon | Portlander | Portlanders | |
| Prague | Czech Republic | Praguer | Praguers | |
| Pristina | Kosovo | Prishtinali, Prishtinas (Albanian) Prištinci, Prištevci (Serbian) |
||
| Providence | Rhode Island | Providentian | Providentians | |
| Pylos | Greece | Pylian | Pylians | |
| Quebec City | Quebec | Quebec (City) (English); québécois (French) | Quebeckers, Quebecers (English); Québécois9 (French) | |
| Randall | Wisconsin | Randallite | Randallites | |
| Regina | Saskatchewan | Regina (modifier), Reginan | Reginans | |
| Rethymno | Greece | Rethymnian | Rethymnians | |
| Richmond | Virginia | Richmonder | Richmonders | |
| Riga | Latvia | Rigan | Rigans | |
| Rio de Janeiro | Brazil | Carioca | Cariocas | |
| Rhodes | Greece | Rhodian | Rhodians | |
| Rochester | New York | (Rochesterian) | Rochesterians | |
| Rome | Italy | Roman | Romans | |
| Rotorua | New Zealand | Rotoruan | Rotoruans | |
| St. Louis | Missouri | St. Louisan | St. Louisans | |
| Salerno | Italy | Salernitan | Salernitans | |
| Salt Lake City | Utah | Salt Lakers | ||
| San Antonio | Texas | San Antonian | San Antonians | |
| San Diego | California | San Diegan | San Diegans | |
| San Francisco | California | San Franciscan | San Franciscans | |
| Santa Clarita | California | Santa Claritan | Santa Claritans | |
| Santa Cruz de la Sierra | Bolivia | Cruceño | Cruceños | |
| São Carlos | Brazil | Sãocarlense and Carlopolitano | Sãocarlenses and Carlopolitanos | |
| São Paulo | Brazil | Paulistano | Paulistanos | |
| Saskatoon | Saskatchewan | Saskatoon (modifier), Saskatonian | Saskatonians ("Saskabushers") | |
| Savannah | Georgia | Savannaian | Savannians | |
| Seattle | Washington | Seattleite | Seattleites | |
| Seoul | South Korea | Seoulite | Seoulites | |
| Serres | Greece | Serrean | Serreans | |
| Shanghai | China | Shanghainese | Shanghainese | |
| Siena | Italy | Sien(n)ese | Sien(n)ese | |
| Silver Lake | Wisconsin | Silver Laker | Silver Laker | |
| Sheffield | England | Sheffielders | ||
| Slough | England | Sluff | Sluffs | |
| Solihull | England | Silhillian | Silhillians | |
| Somers | Wisconsin | Somersite | Somersites | |
| Sorrento | Italy | Sorrentine | Sorrentines | |
| Sparta | Greece | Spartan | Spartans | |
| Spoleto | Italy | Spoletian | Spoletians | |
| Stockholm | Sweden | Stockholmer | Stockholmers | |
| Sunderland | England | "Mackems" | ||
| Sydney | New South Wales | Sydney | Sydneysiders | |
| Syracuse | Italy | Syracusan | Syracusans | |
| Tallinn | Estonia | Tallinner | Tallinners | |
| Taranto | Italy | Tarantine, Tarentine | Tarantines, Tarentines | |
| Thebes | Greece | Theban | Thebans | |
| Thessaloniki | Greece | Thessalonian | Thessalonians | |
| Tokyo | Japan | Edokko (江戸っ子; Japanese), Tokyoites (English) | ||
| Toowoomba | Queensland | Toowoomban | Toowoombans | |
| Toronto | Ontario | Toronto, Torontonian | Torontonians[3] | |
| Tournai | Belgium | Tournaisian | Tournaisian | |
| Townsville | Queensland | Townsvillian | Townsvillians | |
| Trevor | Wisconsin | Trevorite | Trevorites | |
| Trent | Italy | Tridentine | Tridentines | |
| Trieste | Italy | Triestine | Triestines | |
| Tripoli | Greece / Libya | Tripolitan | Tripolitans | |
| Trois-Rivières | Quebec | Trifluvien, Trifluvienne (French); Trifluvian (English) | Trifluviens/Trifluviennes (French); Trifluvians (English) | |
| Tucson | Arizona | Tucsonan | Tucsonans | |
| Tulsa | Oklahoma | Tulsan | Tulsans | |
| Turin | Italy | Turinese | Turinese | |
| Twin Lakes | Wisconsin | Twin Laker | Twin Lakers | |
| Uberlândia | Brazil | Uberlandense | Uberlandenses | |
| Valencia | Spain | Valencian | Valencians | |
| Vancouver | British Columbia | Vancouverite | Vancouverites | |
| Venice | Italy | Venetian | Venetians | |
| Veracruz | Mexico | Veracruzano | Veracruzano (Jarocho) | |
| Verona | Italy | Veronese | Veronese | |
| Vicenza | Italy | Vicentine | Vicentines | |
| Vichy | France | Vichyssois | Vichyssois | |
| Vienna | Austria | Viennese | Viennese | |
| Warsaw | Poland | Varsovian | Varsovians | |
| Washington, D.C. | United States | Washingtonian | Washingtonians | |
| Wellington | New Zealand | Wellington, Wellingtonian | Wellingtonians | |
| Wheatland[disambiguation needed ] |
Wisconsin | Wheatlander | Wheatlanders | |
| Wichita | Kansas | Wichitan | Wichitans | |
| Wilmot | Wisconsin | Wilmotter | Wilmotters | |
| Winnipeg | Manitoba | Winnipeggers, Winnipegers | ||
| Wolverhampton | England | Wulfrunians | ||
| Xalapa | Mexico | Xalapeño | Xalapeños | |
| Xanthi | Greece | Xanthian | Xanthians | |
| Zintan | Libya | Zintani | Zintanis | |
|
||||
[edit] Australian states and territories
| State/territory | Adjective | Demonym | |
|---|---|---|---|
| colloquial | |||
| Australian Capital Territory | Canberran | Canberrans | |
| New South Wales | New South Welsh | New South Welshmen | "Waratahs", "Cockroaches"[citation needed]1 |
| Northern Territory | Northern Territory | Territorians | "Top Enders" |
| Queensland | Queensland | Queenslanders | "Banana Benders", "Cane Toads",1 "Maroons" |
| South Australia | South Australian | South Australians | "Crow Eaters" |
| Tasmania | Tasmanian | Tasmanians | "Apple Eaters", "Taswegians", "Tazzies" |
| Victoria | Victorian | Victorians | "Vics", "Mexicans" |
| Western Australia | Western Australian | Western Australians | "Sandgropers", "Westralians" |
|
|||
[edit] Canadian provinces and territories
| Province | Adjective | Demonym | |
|---|---|---|---|
| colloquial | |||
| Alberta | Albertan | Albertans | |
| British Columbia | British Columbian ("B.C.") | British Columbians | "B.C.ers" |
| Manitoba | Manitoban | Manitobans | |
| New Brunswick | New Brunswick | New Brunswickers | |
| Newfoundland and Labrador | Newfoundland and Labrador | Newfoundlanders, Labradorians | "Newfies" |
| Northwest Territories | Northwest Territorian ("N.W.T.") | Northwest Territorians | "N.W.T.ers" |
| Nunavut | Nunavut | Nunavummiut (sing. Nunavummiuq) | |
| Nova Scotia | Nova Scotian | Nova Scotians | "Bluenosers" |
| Ontario | Ontario | Ontarians | |
| Prince Edward Island | Prince Edward Island, P.E.I., Island | Islanders | |
| Quebec | Quebec French: Québécois (masc.), Québécoise (fem.) |
Quebeckers, Quebecers French: Québécois |
|
| Saskatchewan | Saskatchewan | Saskatchewanians | "Saskatchewanites" |
| Yukon | Yukon | Yukoners | "Sourdoughs" |
[edit] Indian states and territories
| State or territory | Adjective | Demonym | |
|---|---|---|---|
| colloquial | |||
| Andaman and Nicobar Islands | Andaman,[4] Andamanese[4] Nicobar, Nicobarese[4] |
Andamanese Nicobarese |
|
| Andhra Pradesh | Andhra Pradeshi | Andhraits | |
| Arunachal Pradesh | Arunachali | Arunachalis | |
| Assam | Assamese[4] | Assamese | |
| Bihar | Bihari[4] | Biharis | |
| Chandigarh | Chandigarhi | Chandigarhis | _ |
| Chhattisgarh | Chhattisgarhi | Chhattisgarhis | |
| Dadra and Nagar Haveli | _ | _ | |
| Daman and Diu | Damanese Diuese |
Damanese Diuese |
|
| Delhi | Delhiite, Delhian | Delhiites, Delhians | |
| Goa | Goanese,[4] Goan[4] | Goanese, Goans | |
| Gujarat | Gujarati[4] | Gujaratis | |
| Haryana | Haryanvi | Haryanvis | _ |
| Himachal Pradesh | Himachali | Himachalis | |
| Jammu and Kashmir | Jammu Kashmiri[4] |
Jammuite Kashimiris |
_ |
| Jharkhand | Jharkhandi | Jharkhandis | |
| Karnataka | Karnatakan, Canarese[4] (Kanarese)[4] | Karnatakans, Canarese | Cf. Carnatic |
| Kerala | Keralite | Keralites | Malayalis |
| Lakshadweep (Laccadives) | Laccadivian | Laccadivians | |
| Madhya Pradesh | Madhya Pradeshi | Madhya Pradeshis | |
| Maharashtra | Maharashtrian[4] | Maharashtrians | Marathi |
| Manipur | Manipuri[4] | Manipuris | |
| Meghalaya | Meghalayan | Meghalayans | |
| Mizoram | Mizo[4] | Mizos | |
| Nagaland | Naga,[4] Nagalandese | Nagas | |
| Orissa (Odisha) | Oriya[4] (Odia) [of the people] Orissan (Odishan) [of the state] Orissi[4] (Odissi)[4] |
Oriyas (Odias) Orissans (Odishans) |
_ |
| Pondicherry (Puducherry) | Pondicherrian | Pondicherrians | _ |
| Punjab | Punjabi[4] | Punjabis | |
| Rajasthan | Rajasthani[4] | Rajasthanis | |
| Sikkim | Sikkimese[4] | Sikkimese | |
| Tamil Nadu | Tamil,[4] Tamilese | Tamils | |
| Tripura | Tripuri, Tripuran | Tripuris, Tripurans | _ |
| Uttar Pradesh | Uttar Pradeshi | Uttar Pradeshis | _ |
| Uttarakhand | Uttarakhandi | Uttarakhandi | _ |
| West Bengal | (West) Bengali,[4] (West) Bengalese,[4] Bangla[4] | (West) Bengalis | _ |
[edit] Mexican states
| Federal entity | Adjective | Demonym | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| colloquial | ||||
| Aguascalientes | Hidrocalido/-a | |||
| Baja California | Lower Californian | Bajacaliforniano/-a | ||
| Baja California Sur | South Lower Californian | Sudcaliforniano/-a | ||
| Campeche | Campechano/-a | |||
| Chiapas | Chiapaneco/-a | |||
| Chihuahua | Chihuahuense | |||
| Colima | Colimense | |||
| Coahuila | Coahulense | |||
| Distrito Federal | Defeño/-a | "Chilango" | ||
| Durango | Duranguense | |||
| Guerrero | Guerrerense | |||
| Guanajuato | Guanajuatense | |||
| Hidalgo | Hidalguense | |||
| Jalisco | Jalisciense | |||
| Michoacán | Michoacano/-a | |||
| Morelos | Morelense | |||
| Mexico | Mexiquense | |||
| Nayarit | Nayarita | |||
| Nuevo León | Neoleones | |||
| Oaxaca | Oaxaqueño/-a | |||
| Puebla | Poblano/-a | |||
| Quintana Roo | Quintanarroense | |||
| Querétaro | Queretano/-a | |||
| Sinaloa | Sinaloense | |||
| San Luis Potosí | Potosino/-a | |||
| Sonora | Sonorense | |||
| Tabasco | Tabasqueño/-a | |||
| Tlaxcala | Tlaxcalteca | |||
| Tamaulipas | Tamaulipeco/-a | |||
| Veracruz | Veracruzano/-a | |||
| Yucatán | Yucateco/-a | |||
| Zacatecas | Zacatecano/-a | |||
|
||||
[edit] New Zealand regions
| State/territory | Adjective | Demonym | |
|---|---|---|---|
| colloquial | |||
| Auckland Region | Auckland | Aucklanders | "Jafas" |
| Bay of Plenty Region | Bay of Plenty | ||
| Canterbury Region | Canterbury | Cantabrians | |
| Gisborne Region | East Coast, Gisborne | East Coasters, Gisbornians | |
| Hawke's Bay Region | Hawke's Bay | Hawkesters | |
| Manawatu-Wanganui Region | Wanganui, Manawatu | ||
| Marlborough Region | Marlborough | Marlburians | |
| Nelson Region | Nelsonian | Nelsonians | |
| Northland Region | Northland | Northlanders | |
| Otago Region | Otago | Otagoites | |
| Southland Region | Southland | Southlanders | |
| Taranaki Region | Taranaki | Taranakians | |
| Tasman Region | Tasman, Nelsonian | Tasmanites, Nelsonians | |
| Waikato Region | Waikato | Waikatoans | "Mooloos" |
| Wellington Region | Wellington, Wellingtonian | Wellingtonians | |
| West Coast Region | West Coast | Coasters | |
| South Island | South Island / Mainland | South Islanders | "Mainlanders" |
[edit] U.S. states
Main article: List of demonyms for U.S. states
|
|
This article uses bare URLs for citations. Please consider adding full citations so that the article remains verifiable. Several templates and the Reflinks tool are available to assist in formatting. (Reflinks documentation) (September 2011) |
This is a list of terms, not manifestly pejorative, which are used, or have been used in the past, to designate the residents of specific U.S. states.
| State | Official (recommended by United States Government Printing Office)[5] | Official, unofficial or informal alternates | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | Alabamian | Alabaman[6][7] | |
| Alaska | Alaskan | Ice Chipper | |
| Arizona | Arizonan | Arizonian[6], Sand Cutter[8] | |
| Arkansas | Arkansan | Arkansawyer (favored particularly by some native residents)[9], Arkie [10] | |
| California | Californian | Prune Picker (esp. a Native of California) | |
| Colorado | Coloradan | Coloradoan (archaic)[11][12] | |
| Connecticut | Connecticuter | Nutmegger[6], Connecticotian, Connecticutensian[13], Connecticutian, Connecticunt[14] | |
| Delaware | Delawarean | Blue Hen's Chicken, Muskrat[15] | |
| District of Columbia | Washingtonian | ||
| Florida | Floridian | Floridan | |
| Georgia | Georgian | Buzzard, Cracker, Goober-grabber, Sand-hiller[16] | |
| Hawaii | Hawaiian | Malihini (newcomer)[6], Kamaʻāina (native-born nonethnic Hawaiian)[6], Hawaii Resident, Islander[17] | |
| Idaho | Idahoan | Idahoer | |
| Illinois | Illinoisan | Illinoisian, Flatlander, Sand-hiller, Egyptian[18] | |
| Indiana | Indianan | Hoosier[19] (official state designation), Indianian[6] (archaic) | |
| Iowa | Iowan | Hawkeye, Iowegian | |
| Kansas | Kansan | Sunflower, Grasshopper[20] | |
| Kentucky | Kentuckian | ||
| Louisiana | Louisianan | Louisianais (in French) | |
| Maine | Mainer | Down Easter or Downeaster[21], Mainiac[22], Pine Tree, Fox[citation needed], Lumberjack[15] | |
| Maryland | Marylander | ||
| Massachusetts | Massachusettsan | Sal, Masshole[23], Bay Stater (official term used by state government)[24], Massachusite (traditional)[25][26] | |
| Michigan | Michiganian | Michigander[6], Michiganer, Michiganese, Michigine, Wolverine[27][28], Michiganite[29], Yooper/Troll (for residents of the Upper Peninsula and Lower Peninsula, respectively)[30] | |
| Minnesota | Minnesotan | Mud Duck | |
| Mississippi | Mississippian | Stumpjumper | |
| Missouri | Missourian | Bushwacker | |
| Montana | Montanan | ||
| Nebraska | Nebraskan | Cornhusker | |
| Nevada | Nevadan | Nevadian[6] | |
| New Hampshire | New Hampshirite | Granite Boy, New Hampshireman[31] | |
| New Jersey | New Jerseyan | New Jerseyite[6] | |
| New Mexico | New Mexican | Nuevomexicano | |
| New York | New Yorker | ||
| North Carolina | North Carolinian | Tar Boiler[32], Tar Heel, North Carolinan | |
| North Dakota | North Dakotan | ||
| Ohio | Ohioan | Buckeye[33] | |
| Oklahoma | Oklahoman | Okie[34], Sooner[35] | |
| Oregon | Oregonian | Oregoner | |
| Pennsylvania | Pennsylvanian | Pennamite[36], Coal Cracker | |
| Rhode Island | Rhode Islander | Swamp Yankee[37] | |
| South Carolina | South Carolinian | Sand Lapper, South Carolinan | |
| South Dakota | South Dakotan | ||
| Tennessee | Tennessean | Volunteer, Big Bender, Butternut[38] | |
| Texas | Texan | Texian (Anglo-Texan - historical)[39], Tejano (Mexican-Texan) | |
| Utah | Utahn | Utonian, Utahan[6] | |
| Vermont | Vermonter | ||
| Virginia | Virginian | ||
| Washington | Washingtonian | ||
| West Virginia | West Virginian | Mountaineer | |
| Wisconsin | Wisconsinite | Cheesehead,[40][41] Wisconsinian, Sconnie, Badger | |
| Wyoming | Wyomingite | Wyoman |
[edit] Subcontinental regions
Where an adjective is a link, the link is to the language or dialect of the same name.
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
[edit] Regions in Greco-Roman antiquity
Regions tracing their origins (or otherwise referenced) in Greco-Roman antiquity [in cases where ancient regions are extant, this table is limited to cases where the present-day regional names retain their original/ancient form].
(References: Herodotus' "Histories"; Thucydides' "Peloponnesian War"; Pausanias' "Description of Greece"; Lemprière's Bibliotheca Classica; Leverett's 1838 edition of the "Lexicon of the Latin Language"; Freeman's "The History of Sicily..."; et al.)
--> --> --> -->
| Name | Adjective | Demonym | |
|---|---|---|---|
| colloquial | |||
| Acarnania | Acarnanian | Acarnanians | |
| Achaea | Achaean | Achaeans | |
| Aegina | Aeginetan | Aeginetans | |
| Aethaea | Aethaean | Aethaeans | |
| Aetolia | Aetolian | Aetolians | |
| Andalusia | Andalusian | Andalusians | |
| Apulia | Apulian | Apulians | |
| Aquitania | Aquitanian | Aquitanians | |
| Arcadia | Arcadian | Arcadians | |
| Argos | Argive | Argives | |
| Arretium | Arretine | Arretines | |
| Athens | Athenian | Athenians | |
| Bactria, Bactriana | Bactrian | Bactrians | |
| Bavaria | Bavarian | Bavarians | |
| Boeotia | Boeotian, Beotian | Boeotians, Beotians | |
| Boiohaemum | Boius | Boii | |
| Bosporus, Bosphorus | Bosporan, Bosphoran | Bosporans, Bosphorans | |
| Bruttium | (Bruttus ?), Bruttian | Brutti, Bruttians | |
| Byzantium | Byzantine | Byzantines | |
| Calabria | Calabrian | Calabrians | |
| Campania | Campanian | Campanians | |
| Cantabria | Cantabrian | Cantabrians | |
| Caria | Carian | Carians | |
| Carthage | Carthaginian | Carthaginians | |
| Carystus | Carystian | Carystians | |
| Catalonia | Catalan, Catalonian | Catalans, Catalonians | |
| Cephalonia | Cephalonian | Cephalonians | |
| Chalcis | Chalcidian | Chalcidians | |
| Chios | Chian | Chians | |
| Colchis | Colchian | Colchians | |
| Colossae | Colossian | Colossians | |
| Consentia | Consentian | Consentians | |
| Corcyra | Corcyrean | Corcyreans | |
| Corsica | Corsican | Corsicans | |
| Crete | Cretan | Cretans | |
| Croton | Crotonian | Crotonians | |
| Cyclades | Cycladian | Cycladians | |
| Cyprus | Cypriot, Cypriote | Cypriots, Cypriotes | |
| Cyrenaica | Cyrenaic | Cyrenaics | |
| Cyrene | Cyrenian | Cyrenians | |
| Dacia | Dacian | Dacians | |
| Dalmatia | Dalmatian | Dalmatians | |
| Delos | Delian | Delians | |
| Dodecanese | Dodecanesian | Dodecanesians | |
| Edonia | Edonian | Edonians | |
| Egesta | Egestan | Egestans | |
| Eleusina or Eleusis | Eleusian, Eleusinian | Eleusians, Eleusinians | |
| Elis or Eleia | Elian | Elians | |
| Ephesus | Ephesian | Ephesians | |
| Epidamnus or Epidamnos | Epidamnian | Epidamnians | |
| Epidaurus | Epidaurian | Epidaurians | |
| Epirus | Epirote | Epirotes | |
| Eretria | Eretrian | Eretrians | |
| Etruria | Etruscan | Etruscans | |
| Euboea | Euboean | Euboeans | |
| Galatia | Galatian | Galatians | |
| Gallaecia | Gallaecus | Gallaeci | |
| Gallia or Gaul | Gaulish | Gauls | |
| Germania | Germanian, Germanus | Germanians, Germani | |
| Iberia | Iberian | Iberians | |
| Illyria | Illyrian | Illyrians | |
| Ionia | Ionian | Ionians | |
| Kalymnos | Kalymnian | Kalymnians | |
| Kaulonia | Kaulonian | Kaulonians | |
| Knossos | Knossian | Knossians | |
| Lakedaimon/ia or Lakedaemon/ia | Lakedaimonian or Lakedaemonian | Lakedaimonians or Lakedaemonians | |
| Larissa | Larissan | Larissans | |
| Latium | Latin | Latins | |
| Leontini, Leontium | Leontinian | Leontinians | |
| Lesbos | Lesbian | Lesbians | |
| Locris | Locrian | Locrians | |
| Lucania | Lucanian | Lucanians | |
| Lydia | Lydian | Lydians | |
| Macedonia | Macedonian | Macedonians | |
| Maeonia | Maeonian | Maeonians | |
| Mantineia | Mantinean | Mantineans | |
| Marathon | Marathonian | Marathonians | |
| Media | Median | Medes, Medians | |
| Megara | Megaran | Megarans | |
| Melite | Melitian | Melitians | |
| Melos | Melian | Melians | |
| Mesopotamia | Mesopotamian | Mesopotamians | |
| Messenia | Messenian | Messenians | |
| Miletus | Milesian | Milesians | |
| Mithymna or Methymna | Methymnian | Methymnians | |
| Moravia | Moravian | Moravians | |
| Mycenae | Mycenaean | Mycenaeans | |
| Mytilene | Mytilenean | Mytileneans | |
| Naupactus or Nafpaktos | Naupactian | Naupactians | |
| Naxos | Naxian | Naxians | |
| Nisyros | Nisyrian | Nisyrians | |
| Oea | Oean | Oeans | |
| Olympia | Olympian | Olympians | |
| Oiniades, Oiniadai | Oiniadan | Oiniadans | |
| Orkney Islands | Orcadian | Orcadians | |
| Paeonia or Paionia | Paeonian | Paeonians | |
| Pamphylia | Pamphylian | Pamphylians | |
| Paros | Parian | Parians | |
| Patmos | Patmian | Patmians | |
| Peloponnese | Peloponnesian | Peloponnesians | |
| Pergamum | Pergamian | Pergamians | |
| Persia | Persian | Persians | |
| Philippi | Philippian | Philippians | |
| Phlius | Phliasian | Phliasians | |
| Phocis | Phocian | Phocians | |
| Phoenicia | Phoenician | Phoenicians | |
| Phrygia | Phrygian | Phrygians | |
| Pisidia | Pisidian | Pisidians | |
| Pontus | Pontian | Pontians | |
| Pylos | Pylosian | Pylosians | |
| Rhegion | Rhegian, Rhegine | Rhegians, Rhegines | |
| Rhodes | Rhodian | Rhodians | |
| Rhithymna, Rhithymnia, Rithymna | Rhithymnian | Rhithymnians | |
| Rome | Roman | Romans | |
| Sabinium | Sabine | Sabines | |
| Salamis | Salaminian | Salaminians | |
| Samnium | Samnite | Samnites | |
| Samos | Samian | Samians | |
| Sardinia | Sardinian, Sardi | Sardinians, Sardi | |
| Sardis | Sardianus, Sardian | Sardiani, Sardians | |
| Sarmatia | Sarmatian, Sarmata, or Sauromata | Sarmatians, Sarmatae, or Sauromatae | |
| Scythia | Scytha, Scythian | Scythae, Scythians | |
| Serrae, Serrhae | Serrean | Serreans | |
| Sicily | Sicilian | Sicilians | |
| Sicyon | Sicyonese | Sicyonese | |
| Sidon, or Saïda | Sidonian | Sidonians | |
| Silesia | Silesian | Silesians | |
| Skopelos | Skopelitan | Skopelitans | |
| Sparta | Spartan | Spartans | |
| Suebia | Suebius | Suebi | |
| Symi | Symian | Symians | |
| Syracuse | Syracusan | Syracusans | |
| Taras, Tarentum | Tarentine, Tarentumian | Tarentines, Tarentumians | |
| Tegea | Tegean | Tegeans | |
| Tenedos | Tenedian | Tenedians | |
| Tenedos | Tenedian | Tenedians | |
| Thasos | Thasian | Thasians | |
| Thebes | Theban | Thebans | |
| Thespis | Thespian | Thespians | |
| Thessaly | Thessalian | Thessalians | |
| Thrace | Thracian | Thracians | |
| Thria | Thriasian | Thriasians | |
| Thuria | Thuriat | Thuriats | |
| Thurii | Thurian | Thurians | |
| Trichonos | Trichonian | Trichonians | |
| Troezen | Troezenian | Troezenians | |
| Troy | Trojan | Trojans | |
| Umbria | Umbrian | Umbrians | |
| Xanthi | Xanthian | Xanthians | |
| Zakynthos | Zakyntian | Zakyntians | |
[edit] Other former nations and regions
Ancient civilizations, former colonies, renamed countries and regions, annexations, secessions, etc. (other than Greco-Roman, which see above).
Where an adjective is a link, the link is to the language or dialect of the same name. (Reference: Ethnologue, Languages of the World)
| Name | Adjective | Demonym | |
|---|---|---|---|
| colloquial | |||
| Abyssinia | Abyssinian | Abyssinians | |
| Acadia | Acadian | Acadians | |
| Akkadia | Akkadian | Akkadians | |
| Austria–Hungary | Austro-Hungarian | Austro-Hungarians, Austrians, Hungarians | |
| Babylonia | Babylonian | Babylonians | |
| Bessarabia | Bessarabian | Bessarabians | |
| Biafra | Biafran | Biafrans | |
| Burma | Burmese | Burmesea | |
| Ceylon | Ceylonese | Ceylonese | |
| Chechnya | Chechnyan, Chechen | Chechnyan, Chechen | |
| Confederate States of America | Confederate, CSA | Confederates, Confederate Americans | "Rebels", "Rebs" |
| Czechoslovakia | Czechoslovak, Czechb (Czechoslovakian is incorrect, though frequent) |
Czechoslovaks, Czechs, Slovaks | |
| Dahomey | Dahomeyan | Dahomeyans | |
| Elam | Elamite, Elamitic, Elamitish | Elamites | |
| Katanga | Katangese | Katangese | |
| Livonia | Livonian | Livonians, Livs | |
| Manchuria | Manchurian | Manchurians | |
| Malaya | Malay, Malayan | Malays, Malayans | |
| Moldavia | Moldavian | Moldavians | |
| Papal States | Papal | Papalini | |
| Pomerania | Pomeranian | Pomeranians | |
| Prussia | Prussian | Prussians | |
| Rhodesia | Rhodesian | Rhodesians | |
| Siam | Siamese | Siamese | |
| Sudetenland | Sudetes | Sudetenlanders | |
| Sumer | Sumerian | Sumerians | |
| Soviet Union | Soviet, Russianc | Soviets, Russiansc | |
| Transylvania | Transylvanian | Transylvanians | |
| Two Sicilies | Duosicilian | Regnicoli | |
| Wallachia | Wallachian | Wallachians | |
| Yugoslavia | Yugoslav | Yugoslavs | |
| Zaire | Zairean | Zaireans | |
| Zululand | Zulu | Zulu, Zulus | |
|
a Burma is also known as Myanmar. |
|||
[edit] Astronomy
The adjectival forms of the names of astronomical bodies are not always easily predictable. Attested adjectival forms of the larger bodies are listed below, along with non-obvious derivations of some smaller bodies; in some cases these are accompanied by their demonymic equivalents, which denote purported inhabitants of these bodies.
For Classical (Greco-Roman) names, the adjectival form is normally derived from the genitive case, which may differ from the nominative case used in English for the noun form. For instance, for a large portion of names ending in -s, the genitive and therefore the adjective changes the -s to a -d, -t, or -r, as in Isis–Isidian and Ceres–Cererian;[note 1] occasionally an -n has been lost from the noun form, and reappears in the adjective, as in Pluto–Plutonian and Atlas–Atlantean.[note 2]
Many of the more recent or more obscure names are only attested in mythological or literary contexts, rather than in specifically astronomical contexts. Forms ending in -ish or -ine, such as "Puckish", are not included below if a derivation in -an is also attested. Rare forms, or forms only attested with spellings not in keeping with the IAU-approved spelling (such as c for k), are shown in italics.
- Note on pronunciation
The ending -ian is always unstressed: /iən/. The similarly spelled ending -ean has traditionally been stressed, /ˈiːən/, but in practice it is often pronounced as if it were -ian. This dichotomy should be familiar from the dual pronunciations of Caribbean: karr-i-bee-ən, kə-rib-i-ən.
[edit] Generic bodies
| Name | Adjective |
|---|---|
| asteroid | asteroidal, asteroidic |
| comet | cometary |
| cosmos, universe | cosmic, cosmian, universal |
| ecliptic | ecliptical, zodiacal |
| galaxy | galactic, galactian |
| meteoroid | meteoroidal |
| nebula | nebular |
| planet | planetary, planetic |
| planetoid | planetoidal |
| quasar | quasaric, quasarian |
| sky | celestial |
| star | stellar, astral |
| supernova | supernovan |
[edit] Constellations
Adjectival forms of constellations are used primarily for meteor showers. These are based on the genitive form of the constellation, which is used to name stars. (See List of constellations.) Independent adjectival forms are less common.
| Name | Adjective | Adjective (product of) |
|---|---|---|
| Andromeda | Andromedan | Andromedid |
| Aquarius | Aquarian | Aquariid |
| Aries | Arian | Arietid |
| Auriga | Aurigid | |
| Bootes | Bootid | |
| Cancer | Cancerian | Cancrid |
| Carina | Carinid | |
| Capricorn | Capriconian | Capricornid |
| Centaurus | Centaurean, Centaurian | Centaurid |
| Cetus | Cetid | |
| Coma Berenices | Coma Berenicid | |
| Corona Austrina | Corona Austrinid | |
| Crux | Crucid | |
| Cygnus | Cygnid | |
| Dorado | Doradid | |
| Draco | Draconid | |
| Eridanus | Eridanid | |
| Gemini | Geminian | Geminid |
| Hydra, Hydrus | Hydrid | |
| Leo | Leonic, Leonian, Leonean | Leonid |
| Leo Minor | Leo Minorid | |
| Libra | Libran | Librid |
| Lyra | Lyrid | |
| Monoceros | Monocerotid | |
| Norma | Normid | |
| Ophiuchus | Ophiuchid | |
| Orion | Orionid | |
| Pavo | Pavonid | |
| Pegasus | Pegasid | |
| Perseus | Perseid | |
| Phoenix | Phoenicid | |
| Pisces | Piscean, Piscian | Piscid |
| Piscis Austrinus | Piscis Austrinid | |
| Puppis | Puppid | |
| Sagittarius | Sagittarian | Sagittariid |
| Scorpius | Scorpionic | Scorpiid |
| Taurus | Taurean, Taurian | Taurid |
| Ursa Major, Ursa Minor | Ursid | |
| Vela | Velid | |
| Virgo | Virginid | |
| zodiac | zodiacal |
[edit] Sun
| Name | Adjective | Demonym |
|---|---|---|
| Sun, Sol, Helios | Solar, Heliacal, Phoebean, Phebeana | Solarian |
[edit] Planets
| Name | Adjective | Demonym |
|---|---|---|
| Earth, Terra, Tellus, Gaia, Gaea | earthly, Terran, Terrestrial, Terrene, Tellurian,[42] Telluric, Gaian, Gaean | Earthling, Terran, Terrestrial, Tellurian |
| Jupiter | Jovian, Jovial, Jupiterian | Jovian |
| Mars | Martian, Martial, Areana[43] | Martian |
| Mercury; Hermes (in the evening), Apollo (in the morning) | Mercurian, Mercurial, Hermean/Hermeian, Cyllenian,a[44] Cylleneana | Mercurian, Hermean |
| Neptune | Neptunian, Neptuniala | Neptunian |
| Saturn | Saturnian, Saturnine, Kronian[45], Saturniala[46] | Saturnian |
| Uranus | Uranian | Uranian |
| Venus; Hesperus, Vesper (in the evening), Eosphorus, Phosphorus, Phosphor (in the morning), Lucifer (in the day) | Venerian, Venerial, Venusian, Cytherean,[47] Cytherian,a[48] Hesperian,[49] Luciferian,a[50] Phosphoriana[51] | Venusian |
a Rare.
[edit] Planetoids
|
See additional minor planet forms.
| Name | Adjective |
|---|---|
| 588 Achilles | Achillean[58] |
| 911 Agamemnon | Agamemnonian[102] |
| 55576 Amycus | Amycian[103] |
| 65489 Ceto | Cetoean, Cetèan[104] |
| 19521 Chaos | Chaotian[105] |
| 2060 Chiron | Chironian, Chironean |
| 53311 Deucalion | Deucalionean, Deucalionian |
| Eris | Eridian[106] |
| 624 Hektor | Hectorian[107] |
| 28978 Ixion | Ixionian[108] |
| 58534 Logos | Logian[109] |
| Makemake | Makemakean[110] |
| 7066 Nessus | Nessian[111] |
| 90482 Orcus | Orcean,[112] ? Orcan |
| 617 Patroclus | Patroclean[113] |
| Pluto | Plutonian[58] |
| 38083 Rhadamanthus | Rhadamanthean, Rhadamanthian, Rhadamanthyan, Rhadamanthan, Rhadamanthine, Rhadamanthyne |
| Varuna | Varunian[114] |
| 42355 Typhon | Typhonian, Typhonean[115] |
[edit] Moons
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
[edit] Galaxies
| Name | Adjective |
|---|---|
| Milky Way Galaxy | Galactic,[228] Lacteal[229] |
| Andromeda Galaxy | Andromedan |
| Magellanic Clouds | Magellanic |
[edit] Fictional regions
| Name | Adjective | Demonym |
|---|---|---|
| Atlantis | Atlant(e)ans | |
| Aloria | Alorn | Alorns |
| Attilan | Inhumans | |
| Blefuscu | Blefuscudian | Blefuscudians |
| Brobdingnag | Brobdingnagian | Brobdingnagians |
| Laputa | Laputan | Laputans |
| Lilliput | Lilliputian | Lilliputians |
| Cardassia Prime | Cardassian | Cardassians |
| Bajor | Bajoran | Bajorans, Bajora |
| Ferenginar | Ferengi | Ferengi |
| Gallifrey | Gallifreyan | Gallifreyans, Time Lords |
| Genosha | Genoshan | Genoshans |
| Latveria | Latverian | Latverians |
| Hogwarts | Hogwartian | Hogwartians |
| Luggnagg | Struldbrugs | |
| Narnia | Narnian | Narnian |
| Oz | Ozite | Ozite |
| Qo'noS | Klingon | Klingons |
| Remus | Reman | Remans |
| Rohan | Rohirric | Rohirrim |
| Romulus | Romulan | Romulans |
| Skaro | Skaroene, Skarosian | Skarosians, Daleks |
| Sontar | Sontaran | Sontarans |
| Utopia | Utopian | Utopians |
| Vulcan | Vulcan, Vulcanian | Vulcans |
[edit] See also
|
Look up demonym or gentilic in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. |
- City nicknames (disambiguation)
- List of ethnic slurs
- Lists of people by nationality
- List of British regional nicknames
- -onym, especially ethnonym and Exonym and endonym
[edit] External links
[edit] References
- ^ Sometimes used pars pro toto.
- ^ CIA - The World Factbook -- Singapore
- ^ Street, Hudson (1911-09-13). "Old Torontonian; If He Likes Toronto So Much, Why Live Here?". The New York Times: p. 8. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9806EFD91531E233A25750C1A96F9C946096D6CF. Retrieved 2008-02-23.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. 2nd ed. 1989.
- ^ United States Government Printing Office Style Manual (2000), §5.23, http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=2008_style_manual&docid=f:chapter5.pdf
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j SHG Resources, http://www.shgresources.com/resources/symbols/names/residentnames/
- ^ William Safire, On Language: Foam Fell on Alabama, New York Times, June 26, 1994. Safire reports that after he used the word "Alabaman" in a column, he received a letter from Vic Gold that said in part, "The natives, I have learned to my sorrow, prefer Alabamian."
- ^ http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/az_intro.htm
- ^ "Arkansawyer definition - Dictionary - MSN Encarta". Archived from the original on 2009-10-31. http://www.webcitation.org/5kwtEUWxV.
- ^ http://dictionary.infoplease.com/arkie
- ^ Writers Style Guide, Colorado State University, page 62, accessed January 2, 2009: "The correct name for a person from Colorado is Coloradan (not Coloradoan)."
- ^ Ed Quillen, Coloradan or Coloradoan?, The Denver Post, March 18, 2007
- ^ http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/ct_intro.htm
- ^ http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=Connecticunt
- ^ a b http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/de_intro.htm
- ^ http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/ga_intro.htm
- ^ http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/hi_intro.htm
- ^ http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/il_intro.htm
- ^ The term Hoosier is the official state designation for a state resident. The term was once considered derogatory, but is now a point of pride for Hoosiers. See the Indiana Historical Bureau article entitled What is a Hoosier? for the origin of the term.
- ^ http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/ks_intro.htm
- ^ The World Almanac and Book of Facts 2007. New York: World Almanac Books. 2006. ISBN# 978-0-88687-995-2
- ^ Mainiac, Time magazine, Monday, Jun. 20, 1938 (term used in reference to Maine author Kenneth Roberts)
- ^ [1]
- ^ "Massachusetts General Laws, Chapter 2, Section 35: Designation of citizens of commonwealth". The Commonwealth of Massachusetts. http://www.mass.gov/legis/laws/mgl/2-35.htm. Retrieved 2008-02-29.: "Bay Staters shall be the official designation of citizens of the commonwealth."
- ^ _____, page 435. Collections, Massachusetts Historical Society. MHS, Boston; 1877. Additional on-line source: Google Books.
- ^ Jones, Thomas, page 465. History of New York During the Revolutionary War, New York Historical Society. Edward Floyd DeLancey, Ed., New York; 1879. Additional on-line source: Google Books
- ^ Marckwardt, Albert H., "Wolverine and Michigander", Michigan Alumnus Quarterly Review LVIII (1952) 203-208
- ^ Sperber, Hans "Words and Phrases in American Politics: Michigander" American Speech Vol 29 No 1 (Feb 1954) 21-27
- ^ http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/mi_intro.htm
- ^ http://www.michigan.gov/mde/0,1607,7-140-54504_50206_54518-184577--,00.html
- ^ http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/nh_intro.htm
- ^ Powell, William S. (March 1982). "What's in a Name?: Why We're All Called Tar Heels". Tar Heel (Tar Heel Magazine, Inc.). OCLC 005457348. http://alumni.unc.edu/article.asp?SID=3516. Retrieved 2009-07-17.
- ^ http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/oh_intro.htm
- ^ Stewart, Roy P. "Postal Card Proves Sooners Were 'Okies' Way Back In 1907", The Daily Oklahoman, Friday, December 20, 1968, pg. 9, col. 2. "Now comes Mrs. Agness Hooks of Thomas with a postal card mailed at Newcastle, Ind. in 1907, address to a Miss Agness Kirkbridge, with the salutation: "Hello Okie — Will see you next Monday night." Signed: Myrtle M. Pence. Mrs. Hooks says Agness Kirkbridge was an aunt of hers. The Kirkbridge family came to Oklahoma Territory in 1904 and settled south of Custer City.
- ^ http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/ok_intro.htm
- ^ http://www.luzernecounty.org/living/history_of_luzerne_county
- ^ http://www.projo.com/ri/charlestown/content/SC_SWAMPCOL_02-29-08_UH95CTL_v43.1d42eee.html
- ^ http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/tn_intro.htm
- ^ *de la Teja, Jesus F. (1997). "The Colonization and Independence of Texas: A Tejano Perspective". In Rodriguez O., Jaime E.; Vincent, Kathryn. Myths, Misdeeds, and Misunderstandings: The Roots of Conflict in U.S.–Mexican Relations. Wilmington, DE: Scholarly Resources Inc.. p. 79. ISBN 0-8420-2662-2.
- ^ Kapler, Joseph, Jr. (Spring 2002). On Wisconsin Icons: When You Say 'Wisconsin', What Do You Say?. Wisconsin Historical Society. pp. 18–31. http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/wmh/pdf/wmh_spring02_kapler.pdf. Retrieved 2009-04-29.
- ^ Foamation: About Us. Foamation. http://www.cheesehead.com/aboutus.asp. Retrieved 2009-04-29.
- ^ a b Announcement of the discovery of Astraea in The Eclectic magazine of foreign literature, science, and art, v. 8, p. 279 (1846)
- ^ "Schiaparelli on Mars" (1895 [1894]) Nature, v. 51
- ^ Lewis (1888) A Latin dictionary for schools
- ^ Müller et al. (2010) Azimuthal plasma flow in the Kronian magnetosphere, J. Geophys. Res. 115, A08203
- ^ Pennsylvania school journal, v. 29 (1880)
- ^ Raitala (1993) "Crustal tectonic zone on Venus", Earth, Moon, and Planets, v. 64, no. 2
- ^ "A theoretical study of the martian and cytherian ionospheres", NASA Technical Reports Server, JPL-TR-32-398
- ^ Goodsell Observatory (1909) Popular astronomy, v. 17
- ^ Duffy (2009) The Constitution of Shelley's Poetry
- ^ Boardman (2001) The poems of Francis Thompson
- ^ Figueira (1981) Aegina, society and politics
- ^ British & foreign evangelical review (1880) Paterson, Exell
- ^ Cohen (1995) The Hellenistic settlements in Europe, the islands, and Asia Minor
- ^ Sophocles (1902 trans.)
- ^ Dowden (1989) Death and the maiden: girls' initiation rites in Greek mythology
- ^ Fischer-Hansen & Poulsen (2009) From Artemis to Diana
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w Listed in any reasonably complete dictionary
- ^ Müller (1847) Ancient art and its remains: or a manual of the archaeology of art
Tournoy (1999) Humanistica Lovaniensia: Journal of Neo-Latin Studies, vol. 48 - ^ Sanxay (1811) Lexicon Aristophanicum, græco-anglicum
- ^ The works of Lucian (1780)
- ^ Rüpke (2007) A companion to Roman religion
- ^ Booth (1923) Flowers of Roman poesy
- ^ adj. form of the masc. 'David'
- ^ Taylor (1989) Chaucer reads "The divine comedy"
- ^ Dryden (1738) The Conversation of Gentlemen
- ^ American ecclesiastical review, v. 21 (1899)
- ^ Whitney & Smith (1897) The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia
- ^ A selection from the poetry of Samuel Daniel & Michael Drayton (1899)
- ^ Publius Ovidius Naso, John Gower (1640) Ovids Festivalls
- ^ Expected from the name of his festival, Erōtia.
- ^ Charles Dickens, ed. 1861. All the year round, 4:445.
- ^ Sartain's union magazine of literature and art, v. 10 (1852)
- ^ a b c The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia (1911)
- ^ as in Icarian flights
- ^ Bucolica, Georgica, et Aeneis: Virgil, with English notes (1843)
- ^ Douglas (1914) A theory of civilisation
- ^ "Junonian asteroids" in The North British review, v. 18 (1853)
- ^ Conington (1867) The Aeneid of Virgil
- ^ Metamorphosis: the Transfiguration in Byzantine theology and iconography (2005) Andreopoulos
- ^ A handbook of Rome and its environs (1875)
- ^ James Joyce's Ulysses: critical essays (1974) Hart & Hayman
- ^ Hornum (1993) Nemesis, the Roman state and the games
- ^ Hilpert & Kärcher (1846) A dictionary of the English and German, and the German and English language
- ^ Peery (1963) Studies in the Renaissance, vol. 10
- ^ Curtis (1994) The imprisoned hero in Camus, Beckett, and Desvignes
- ^ Katz (2004) The complete elegies of Sextus Propertius
- ^ Stein (2004) Persephone Unveiled
- ^ Schiller (1978) Roman law
- ^ Martial (1782) The epigrams of M. Val. Martial, in twelve books
- ^ Astronomy now, Volume 22 (2008)
- ^ Herbert (1828) Nimrod: a discourse on certain passages of history and fable, vol. 2
- ^ Stevenson (1806) Trafalgar, or The victory over the combined fleets of France and Spain
- ^ Hudson, "Gravitational Isopotentials on Toutatis"
- ^ Readings: the poetics of Blanchot, Joyce, Kafka, Kleist, Lispector, and Tsvetayeva (1991) Cixous
- ^ Jet Propulsion Laboratory (2010) Dawn Journal, March 28
- ^ Tsiolkovsky (1960) The call of the cosmos
- ^ Meteoritics & planetary science, Volume 42, Issues 6–8, 2007
- ^ Origin and evolution of Earth, National Research Council et al., 2008
- ^ 'Vestalian' is of those associated with Vesta (as the vestal virgins), not of Vesta her/itself, though the latter use is occasionally found, e.g. in Worlds of tomorrow, v. 4, n. 1-3, p. 58 (1966)
- ^ generally used for Xanthus
- ^ Browning (1877) The Agamemnon of Aeschylus
- ^ trans. of Vergil, The Aeneid
- ^ Herbert (1828) Nimrod: a discourse on certain passages of history and fable, v. 3
- ^ Thayer (1994) Gray world, green heart
- ^ David Morrison (2008) Ask an Astrobiologist
- ^ trans. of the Iliad
- ^ Richards (1980) English verse, 1830-1890, v. 6
- ^ Holdsworth (1913) Gospel origins: a study in the synoptic problem
- ^ Bulletin of the Auckland Institute and Museum, no. 3-5 (1953)
- ^ Lamb (1836) Elia
- ^ Angley (1847) De Clifford, the philosopher
- ^ Riggs (1972) The Christian poet in Paradise lost
- ^ Duchesne-Guillemin (1958) The Western response to Zoroaster
- ^ The Imperial Dictionary of the English Language lists 'Typhoëan' as the only 'correct' form, but erroneously considered Typhon to be distinct from Typhoëus.
- ^ Kazue Takahashi (2006) Magnetospheric ULF waves: synthesis and new directions.
- ^ Dryden (1895) Plutarch's lives, v. 3
- ^ 'Aitnean' not attested. Ætnean in e.g. Tonson & Draper (1750) The works of Spenser, v. 4
- ^ Bacon & Basil Montagu (1848) The works of Francis Bacon, v. 1
- ^ a b c d e f Yenne (1987) The Atlas of the Solar System.
Note: The adjectival forms in this book generally do not match literary forms, and are not in general found elsewhere in astronomical literature. - ^ Tuft & Holt (ca. 1900) The Aoedean Collection
- ^ Harland (2000) Jupiter odyssey: the story of NASA's Galileo mission
- ^ Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, v.71, 1911
- ^ Six books of the Æneid of Virgil (1877)
- ^ Elarian has been used in Star Trek fan fiction, but is not attested for the Classical name.
- ^ Science, v. 216, p. 1218 (1982)
- ^ Dunton (1703) The Athenian oracle; an entire collection of all the valuable questions and answers in the old Athenian mercuries, by a member of the Athenian society
- ^ Greenberg (2005) Europa: the ocean moon
- ^ Journal of geophysical research, v. 95 (1990)
- ^ Wilson & Strangway (1980) The Continental crust and its mineral deposits
- ^ of Hermippos, as in Littell's Living Age, v. 96 (1868)
- ^ "Electron Beams and Ion Composition Measured at Io and in Its Torus", Science, 1996 October 18
- ^ Naoya (1996) Shiga Naoya's A dark night's passing
- ^ Robertson (1895) trans. of Victor Hugo, A Hymn of the Earth
- ^ rare; as 'Calycian Lounge' in Interiors, v. 109 p. 66 (1949)
- ^ Hansos & Rolfe (1865) Selections from Ovid and Virgil
- ^ Monteith (2007) Yeats and theosophy
- ^ Per Classical Latin ''Metid-, Russian Метида Metida, and Italian Metide
- ^ Beloe (1821) Herodotus
- ^ Milesi (2003) James Joyce and the difference of language
- ^ Akurgal (1978) The Proceedings of the Xth International Congress of Classical Archaeology
- ^ Banier (1740) The mythology and fables of the ancients, v. 4
- ^ Özal (2004) Chemical characterization of Sinopean archeological common ware
- ^ Schiff (2010) How an Economy Grows and Why It Crashes
- ^ Lemprière (1827) A classical dictionary
- ^ 'Taygetean' is uncommon, but found in Zaffran (1990) Contributions à la flore et à la végétation de la Crète, v. 1
- ^ Alexander (1999) The complete Odes and Satires of Horace
- ^ Ogam: tradition celtique, v. 15, p. 358 (1967)
- ^ Case and comment, v. 81 (1977)
- ^ Pausânias & Levi (1971) Central Greece
- ^ Chambers's English dictionary (1872)
- ^ Neander (1845) The life of St. Chrysostom, v. 1
- ^ Hull (1970) Visions of Handy Hopper, v. 6
- ^ 'Daphnidean' is a regular derivation, but rare. [Smid (1965) Protevangelium Jacobi]
- ^ Anthon (1849) The Aeneïd of Virgil
- ^ JPL (2007) Cassini Equinox Mission: Dionean Linea
- ^ a b Lebowitz (1970) Progress into silence: a study of Melville's heroes
- ^ JPL (2010) Cassini Equinox Mission: Enceladan Tectonics
- ^ The less common form. JBIS: journal of the British Interplanetary Society, v. 36 (1983)
- ^ a b JPL (ca. 2009) Cassini Equinox Mission: Mimas
- ^ Illich (1970) The dawn of Epimethean man
- ^ JPL (2005) Cassini Equinox Mission: Epimethean Profile
- ^ Andre Norton (1978) Secret of the lost race
- ^ as Helenéan in Earle (1841) Marathon: and other poems. Also the adj. form of Saint Helena.
- ^ JPL (ca. 2008) Cassini Equinox Mission: Hyperion
- ^ JPL (ca. 2008) Cassini Equinox Mission: Iapetus
- ^ Carter (1919) The gates of Janus
- ^ JPL (ca. 2008) Cassini Equinox Mission: Janus
- ^ JPL (ca. 2008) Cassini Equinox Mission: Methone
- ^ Harrison (1908) Prolegomena to the study of Greek religion, ed. 2
- ^ Proctor (1874) The borderland of science
- ^ JPL (ca. 2008) Cassini Equinox Mission: Pallene
- ^ Mahoney (2010) The Ultimate Fan's Guide to Avatar
- ^ Lundström (1997) Eranos, v. 95
- ^ Levin (1971) Apollonius' Argonautica, v. 1
- ^ The Westminster review, v. 140 (1893)
- ^ JPL (ca. 2008) Cassini Equinox Mission: Rhea
- ^ Cole (2010) Kresley Cole Immortals After Dark: The Clan MacRieve
- ^ Telestian is a rare variant of Telestic (mystical). Ennemoser & Howitt (1854), The history of magic, vol. 1
- ^ Şengör & Atayman (2009) The Permian extinction and the Tethys
- ^ JPL (ca. 2008) Cassini Equinox Mission: Tethys
- ^ Anton et al. (1859) A Latin-English and English-Latin dictionary
- ^ JPL (ca. 2008) Cassini Equinox Mission: Huygens Landed with a Splat[2]
- ^ Milton, Hughes (2003) Complete poems and major prose
- ^ Budd (1898) "Norse Mythology", in St. Mary's Hall lectures: and other papers
- ^ DeKoven (1991) Rich and strange: gender, history, modernism
- ^ Ruud (2008) Critical companion to Dante: a literary reference to his life and work
- ^ Apple, Au, & Gandin (2009) The Routledge international handbook of critical education
- ^ Kellog (1995) Boccaccio's and Chaucer's Cressida
- ^ Tanner & Barnet (1995) Comedies
- ^ Harris & Lazzari (1997) Shakespearean criticism
- ^ Daileader (2005) Racism, misogyny, and the Othello myth
- ^ Genova (1997) Power, gender, values
- ^ The Eclectic magazine of foreign literature, science, and art, v. 18 (1873)
- ^ also of San Francisco
- ^ Enclitic, v. 11, no. 4 (1994)
- ^ Wood (1872) The Argosy, v. 13
- ^ Cathcart (1971) The Duchess of Kent
- ^ Journal of geophysical research, v. 93 (1988)
- ^ Robertson (1929) The life of Miranda
- ^ Normand (1970) Nathaniel Hawthorne
- ^ Small (1998) Love's Madness
- ^ Byrne (2008) Perdita: the literary, theatrical, scandalous life of Mary Robinson
- ^ Oxford Journals (1894) Notes and queries, no. 106
- ^ Emenyonu (2003) Emerging perspectives on Chinua Achebe, v. 1
- ^ in scare quotes in Bate (1997) The genius of Shakespeare
- ^ Sedgwick (1999) Shakespeare and the young writer
- ^ Dtek blog, 2007-09-10
- ^ Campbell, Pyre, Weaver (1932) Poetry and criticism of the romantic movement
- ^ Lessing (1914) How the Ancients Represented Death
- ^ Goldberg (2004) Tempest in the Caribbean
- ^ rare
- ^ AMIA (1999) Transforming health care through informatics
- ^ Otley (1828) Essays on the nature, causes and effects of national antipathies
- ^ Boccaccio (1974) The book of Theseus
- ^ Livy (1850 trans.) The history of Rome, v. 3
- ^ Bell (1790) Bell's New pantheon
- ^ Morris (1904) British violin-makers
- ^ Life and letters and the London mercury, v. 12-14 (1967)
- ^ 'Psamathean' not attested
- ^ The complete poetical works of Robert Browning (1912)
- ^ Bunbury (1883) A history of ancient geography
- ^ Davenport (1843) A new geographical, historical, and commercial grammar
- ^ "linia" = 'of Linus' in Banier (1793) The mythology and fables of the ancients, explain'd from history, v. 1; also in Partington (1838) The British cyclopedia of biography
- ^ Redfield (1994) Nature and culture in the Iliad: the tragedy of Hector
- ^ Clark (1919) History of Roman private law, v. 3
- ^ Rodríguez-Adrados, van Dijk, & Ray (2000) History of the Graeco-Latin Fable
- ^ When capitalized, "Galactic" refers specifically to the Milky Way galaxy.
- ^ The Independent, v. 55, p. 964 (1903)
[edit] Notes
- ^ This is reflected in Russian and Italian, where both nominal and adjectival forms derive from the genitive:
Russian Transcription Italian English
nounEnglish
adjectiveПлутон Pluton Plutone Pluto Plutonian Юнона Junona Giunone Juno Junonian Церера Tserera Cerere Ceres Cererian Атлант Atlant Atlante Atlas Atlantean Мимант Mimant Mimante ~ Mima Mimas Mimantean Паллада Pallada Pallade Pallas Palladian Эрида Erida Eride Eris Eridian Ирида Irida Iride Iris Iridian Метида Metida Metide ~ Meti Metis Metidian Фетида Fetida Tetide ~ Teti Thetis Thetidian Изида Izida Iside ~ Isi Isis Isidian Эрот Erot (Eros) Eros Erotian (Italian Erote is avoided for euphemistic reasons; the alternative forms Mima, Meti, Teti, Isi are based on the French.)
However, in other cases the final consonant is not part of the root and so is dropped in Russian and Italian:
Russian Transcription Italian English
nounEnglish
adjectiveИкар Ikar Icaro Icarus Icarian Харибда Haribda (Charybdis) Charybdis Charybdian Ахилл Ahill Achille Achilles Achillean Несс Ness Nesso Nessus Nessian Орк Ork Orco Orcus Orcean This approach is not foolproof; note Italian Eros above and Russian Немесида Nemesida (Nemesis), but Italian Nemesi and English adj. Nemesian.
- ^ Other cases of epenthetic -n- are not original to the root, but are added to form an adjective by analogy with Plutonian, as in Callistonian for Callistoan.
- ^ Unattested Jovian lunar forms: Autonoe, Callirrhoe, Chaldene, Erinome, Eurydome, Harpalyke, Hegemone, Herse, Isonoe, Kale, Kore, Megaclite, Mneme, Thelxinoe.
(Based on Arsinoe–Arsinoean, those ending in -oe may be expected to have derivatives in -oean.)
Euporie (expected: Euporian). - ^ Unattested Saturnian lunar forms: Many of the non-Classical (Norse, Gallic, Inuit) names of the moonlets do not have established forms. The Latino-Celtic (Gallic) names are Albiorix (expected: Albiorigian[148]), Bebhionn/Vivion(n) (expected: Bevionian/Vivionian), Erriapus/Erriappus, Tarvos.
Norse Surtur, Suttungr, Thrymr can be expected to drop the final -r or -ur, which is the nominative case suffix: ? Surtian, Suttungian, Thrymian.
Regular derivation of Inuktitut Ijiraq, Kiviuq, Paaliaq, Siarnaq, Tarqeq would replace the absolutive -q with genitive -p : ? Ijirap, Kiviup, Paaliap, Siarnap, Tarqiup. - ^ Unattested Uranian lunar forms: Belinda, Trinculo
- ^ Unattested Neptunian lunar forms: Despina/Despoina/Despoena (expected: Despinian), Halimede, Neso (Nesoan? Nesonian?), Sao (Saoan? Saonian?)
