List of artistic depictions of Mahatma Gandhi

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Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (Gujarati: મોહનદાસ કરમચંદ ગાંધી, Hindi: मोहनदास करमचंद गांधी, mohandās karamcand gāndhī, IPA: [moːɦənˈd̪aːs kərəmˈtʃənd̪ ˈɡaːnd̪ʱi]) (2 October 1869 – 30 January 1948) was a major political and spiritual leader of India and the Indian independence movement. He was the pioneer of Satyagraha — the resistance of tyranny through mass civil disobedience, firmly founded upon ahimsa or total non-violence — which inspired movements for civil rights and freedom across the world. Gandhi is commonly known in India and across the world as Mahatma Gandhi (Sanskrit: महात्मा mahātmā — "Great Soul") and as Bapu (Gujarati: બાપુ bāpu — "Father"). In India, he is recognized as the Father of the Nation and 2 October, his birthday, is commemorated each year as Gandhi Jayanti, a national holiday.

Currency and stamps

The Mahatma Gandhi 10 rupees stamp.

In 1996, the Government of India introduced the Mahatma Gandhi series of currency notes in rupees 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 500 and 1000 denomination. Today, all the currency notes in circulation in India contain a portrait of Mahatma Gandhi. In 1969, the United Kingdom issued a series of stamps commemorating the centenary of Mahatma Gandhi.

There have been approximately 250 stamps issued bearing Gandhi's image from 80 different countries worldwide.

Film

• 2009: Mahatma reflects on Gandhian values.
• 2009: Road to Sangam tells the story of a devout Muslim mechanic named Hasmat Ullah (Paresh Rawal) who has been entrusted the job of repairing an old V8 ford engine, not knowing the historic significance that it once carried Gandhi's ashes which were immersed in the holy Triveni Sangam.
• 2007: Gandhi is portrayed by Darshan Jariwala in Gandhi, My Father.
• 2007: The image of Gandhi is reprised by Dilip Prabhavalkar in Shankar Dada Zindabad, the Telugu language remake of Lage Raho Munna Bhai.
• 2006: The image of Gandhi is portrayed by Dilip Prabhavalkar in the award-winning film Lage Raho Munna Bhai. It stars Sanjay Dutt as Munna Bhai and popularised the new term Gandhigiri in India.
• 2005: Gandhi is portrayed by Mohan Jhangiani (actor) and Zul Vilani (voice) who appears briefly in the film Water (the film was also turned into the book, Water: A Novel, by Bapsi Sidhwa).
• 2005: Mangal Pandey: The Rising, ends with newsreel footage featuring Gandhi.
• 2005: Surendra Rajan portrays Gandhi in Shyam Benegal's biopic Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose: The Forgotten Hero.
• 2005: Maine Gandhi Ko Nahin Mara, tells the story of a retired Hindi professor, who, as he falls victim to dementia, begins to believe that he was accused of being the man who assassinated Mahatma Gandhi.
• 2004: Swades, "epitomizes Gandhi's values" according to his great-grandson, Tushar Gandhi. The protagonist is called Mohan(Bhargava) which is Gandhi's birth name(Mohandas). The film is about a young NRI returning to India to help the country and its people, a tale similar to that of Gandhi's life.
• 2002: Gandhi is portrayed by Surendra Rajan in the film The Legend of Bhagat Singh, a historical biographical film about the Indian freedom fighter Bhagat Singh.
• 2001: Gandhi is portrayed by Surendra Rajan in the film Veer Savarkar, about the life of Vinayak Damodar Savarkar.
• 2000: Gandhi is portrayed by Mohan Gokhale in Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar, which is based upon the life of B. R. Ambedkar.
• 2000: Gandhi is portrayed by Naseeruddin Shah in Hey Ram. A film made by Kamal Haasan, it portrays a would-be assassin of Gandhi and the dilemma faced by the would-be assassins in the turmoil of post-partition India.
• 1998: Gandhi is portrayed by Sam Dastor in Jinnah, a biopic of the founder of Pakistan, Mohammed Ali Jinnah.
• 1996: Gandhi is portrayed by Rajit Kapur in his award-winning role as a young Gandhi in The Making of the Mahatma, a Shyam Benegal film about Gandhi's 21 years in South Africa.
• 1993: Gandhi is portrayed by Annu Kapoor in the Ketan Mehta film Sardar which is about the life of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel.
• 1986: Gandi is portrayed by Sam Dastor in Lord Mountbatten: The Last Viceroy, a British mini-series which is about Louis Mountbatten and his role in the partitioning of India and Pakistan. [1]
• 1982: Gandhi is portrayed by Ben Kingsley in the award-winning film, Gandhi, directed by Richard Attenborough. The film won eight Academy Awards, including Best Picture and Best Actor.
• 1968: Mahatma: Life of Gandhi, 1869–1948 (documentary on the life of Gandhi)
• 1963: Gandhi is portrayed by J.S. Casshyap in Nine Hours to Rama based upon the 1962 book by Stanley Wolpert.

Memorials, paintings, sculptures, and statues

There have been numerous memorials to Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi. In New Delhi, Gandhi Smriti, or Birla House, the home of Ghanshyam Das Birla, where Gandhi was assassinated on 30 January 1948, was acquired by the Government of India in 1971 and opened to the public in 1973 as the Gandhi Smriti or "Gandhi Remembrance". It preserves the room where Mahatma Gandhi lived the last four months of his life and the grounds where he was shot while holding his nightly public walk. A Martyr's Column now marks the place where Mohandas Gandhi was assassinated.

The city of Pietermaritzburg, South Africa—where Gandhi was ejected from a first-class train in 1893—now hosts a commemorative statue. In the United Kingdom, there are several prominent statues of Gandhi, most notably in Tavistock Square, London near University College London where he studied law. 30 January is commemorated in the United Kingdom as the "National Gandhi Remembrance Day." In the United States, there are statues of Gandhi outside the Union Square Park in New York City, and the Martin Luther King, Jr. National Historic Site in Atlanta, and on Massachusetts Avenue in Washington, D.C., near the Indian Embassy. There is a Gandhi statue in San Francisco Embarcadero Neighborhood. In 2009, a statue of Gandhi was installed outside the Bellevue Library in Washington state. There are wax statues of Gandhi at the Madame Tussaud's wax museums in London, New York, and other cities around the world.

Józef Gosławski designed a caricature of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi in 1932, which was cast in bronze in 2007.

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  Nicosia, Cyprus

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  The Martyr's Column at the Gandhi Smriti in New Delhi, marks the spot where he was assassinated

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  Rajghat in New Delhi, marks the spot of Gandhi's cremation in 1948

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  Pietermaritzburg, South Africa

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  Tavistock Square, London

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  Caricature of Gandhi by Gosławski

Music Videos

• 2012: "Be the Change (The Story of Mahatma Gandhi)," a mixture of Raga and Hip hop by MC Yogi, released in celebration of Gandhi Jayanti.

Television

• 2004:"One World: Telecom Italia 'Gandhi' ": An award-winning television commercial produced by Y&R, Italy and directed by Spike Lee. It depicts Gandhi broadcasting a speech during World War II, reaching audiences through the use of digital technology.
• 2002-3: Gandhi is a main character in the animated series Clone High.

Theater

• The opera Satyāgraha, composed by Philip Glass (in 1980), with a libretto by himself and Constance De Jong is based on Gandhi's experiences in South Africa.
• Me Nathuram Godse Boltoy (Marathi for This is Nathuram Godsé speaking)

Further reading

• Gandhi: The Making of a Hero. Times of India, 21 July 2007.
• Ramachandran, S. Hey Ram! So many films on Gandhi!. The Telegraph, 2 April 2006
• Ramachandaran, Shastri. Jollygood Bollywood: Munnabhai rescues Mahatma. The Tribune, September 23, 2006.
• Ramachandran, Sudha. "The Mahatma goes hip." Asia Times, 29 September 2006.
• Sappenfield, Mark. "It took a comedy to revive Gandhi's ideals in India." Christian Science Monitor, 3 October 2006.
• Sharma, Swati Gauri. "How Gandhi got his mojo back." Boston Globe, 13 October 2006.
• Subramanian, T.S. Rediscovering a Gandhi film. Frontline (magazine), Volume 23 - Issue 03, Feb. 11 - 24, 2006.