List of chicken breeds
There are hundreds of chicken breeds in existence.[1] Domesticated for thousands of years, distinguishable breeds of chicken have been present since the combined factors of geographical isolation and selection for desired characteristics created regional types with distinct physical and behavioral traits passed on to their offspring.[2]
The physical traits used to distinguish chicken breeds are size, plumage color, comb type, skin color, number of toes, amount of feathering, egg color, and place of origin.[1] They are also roughly divided by primary use, whether for eggs, meat, or ornamental purposes, and with some considered to be dual-purpose.[1]
In the 21st century, chickens are frequently bred according to predetermined breed standards set down by governing organizations. The first of such standards was the British Poultry Standard, which is still in publication today.[3][4] Other standards include the Standard of Perfection, the Australian Poultry Standard, and the standard of the American Bantam Association, which deals exclusively with bantam fowl.[4] Only some of the known breeds are included in these publications, and only those breeds are eligible to be shown competitively. There are additionally a few hybrid strains which are common in the poultry world, especially in large poultry farms. These types are first generation crosses of true breeds. Hybrids do not reliably pass on their features to their offspring, but are highly valued for their producing abilities.[1]
| Table of contents |
|---|
|
By place of origin: Afghanistan • Albania • Armenia • Australia • Austria • Belgium • Bulgaria • Canada • Chile • China • Croatia • Cuba • Czech Republic • Egypt • Finland • France • Germany • Greece • Iceland • India • Indonesia • Iran • Italy • Japan • Korea • Kosovo • Malaysia • Netherlands • Norway • Pakistan • Philippines • Poland • Portugal • Romania • Russia • Serbia • Slovakia • South Africa • Spain • Sweden • Switzerland • Turkey • Ukraine • United Kingdom • United States • Vietnam |
|
By primary use: Eggs • Meat • Dual-purpose • Exhibition • Religion |
By place of origin [edit]
Afghanistan [edit]
Albania [edit]
Australia [edit]
Austria [edit]
Belgium [edit]
- Ardennaise or Ardenner[10][11] (large and bantam)
- Ardenner bolstaart[5]
- Belgian Bearded d'Anvers, Antwerp Belgian, Barbu d'Anvers or Antwerpse baardkriel[11] (bantam)
- Barbu de Boitsfort or Bosvoordse baardkriel[11] (bantam)
- Barbu de Grubbe or Grubbe baardkriel[11] (bantam)
- Belgian d'Everberg, Barbu d'Everberg or Everbergse baardkriel[11] (bantam)
- Barbu de Watermael or Watermaalse baardkriel[11] (bantam)
- Bearded d'Uccle, Barbu d'Uccle or Ukkelse baardkriel[11] (bantam)
- Bassette Liègeoise[11] (bantam)
- Brabanter, Brabançonne or Brabants hoen[10][11] (large and bantam)
- Braekel or Brakel[10][11] (large and bantam)
- Campine
- Combattant de Bruges or Brugse vechter[10][11] (large and bantam)
- Combattant de Liège or Luikse vechter[10][11] (large and bantam)
- Combattant de Tirlemont or Tiense vechter[10][11] (large and bantam)
- Coucou d'Izegem or Izegemse koekoek[10]
- Coucou des Flandres or Vlaanderse koekoek[10]
- Famennoise or Famennehoen[10][11] (large and bantam)
- Fauve de Hesbaye or Gele van Haspengouw[10]
- Fauve de Mehaigne or Gele van Mehaigne[11] (bantam)
- Herve or Hervehoen[10][11] (large and bantam)
- Huttegem[5]
- Malines or Mechels hoen[10][11] (large and bantam)
- Mechelse kalkoenkop[5]
- Naine belge or Belgische kriel[11] (bantam)
- Naine de Waes or Waasse kriel[11] (bantam)
- Naine du Tournaisis or Doornikse kriel[11] (bantam)
- Pondeuse de Zingem or Zingems leghoen[10]
- Poule d'Aarschot or Aarschots hoen[10]
- Poule de la vallée de la Zwalm or Hoen van de Zwalmvallei[10]
- Poule de Zottegem or Zottegems hoen[10]
- Zingems vleeshoen[5]
Bulgaria [edit]
Canada [edit]
Chile [edit]
China [edit]
Croatia [edit]
Hrvatica (Croatian Hen, Kokoš Hrvatica)[12][13]
Cuba [edit]
Czech Republic [edit]
- Czech gold brindle chicken (Česká slepice zlatě kropenatá, Česká zlatá kropenka, Češka)[14][15][16]
- Šumavanka[16]
Egypt [edit]
Finland [edit]
- Alho[5][17]
- Finnish Landrace Chicken (Finnish chicken)[18][19]
- Häme[5][17]
- Hornio[5][17]
- Iitti[5][17]
- Ilmajoki[5][17]
- Jalasjärvi[17]
- Jussila[5][17]
- Kiuruvesi[5][17]
- Lindellin[5][17]
- Luumäki[5][17]
- Piikkiö[5][17]
- Savitaipale[5][17]
- Tyrnävä[5][17]
France [edit]
- Aquitaine[20]
- Ardeale[5]
- Ardennaise, or Sans-queue des Ardennes[20]
- Barbezieux[20]
- Blanzac[5]
- Bourbonnaise[20]
- Bourbourg[20]
- Bresse or Gauloise[20]
- Caumont[20]
- Caussade[20]
- Charollaise[20]
- Cocherelle[5]
- Combattant du Nord[20]
- Contres[20]
- Cotentine[20]
- Coucou des Flandres[20]
- Coucou de France[20]
- Coucou de Rennes[20]
- Coucou Picarde[5]
- Coucou Soie[5]
- Cou-nu du Forez[20]
- Courtes-Pattes[20]
- Crèvecœur
- Estaires[20]
- Faverolles clair (light)[20]
- Faverolles foncée (dark or German Faverolles)[20]
- Favoris[5]
- Gasconne[20]
- Gâtinaise[20]
- Gauloise dorée[20]
- Géline de Touraine[20]
- Gournay[20]
- Hergnies[20]
- Houdan[20]
- Ivanaise[5]
- Janzé[20]
- Javanaise[20]
- La Flèche
- Landaise[20]
- Le Mans[20]
- Le Merlerault[20]
- Meusienne[20]
- Limousine (coq de pêche)[20]
- Lyonnaise[20]
- Mantes[20]
- Marans[20]
- Noire du Berry[20]
- Noire de Challans[20]
- Pavilly[20]
- Poule d'Alsace[20]
- Poule de Caux[5]
- Poule de Marquise[5]
- Poule de Saint-Omer[5]
- Poule des Courrières[5]
- Poule des haies, see Ardennaise[5]
- Provençale[5]
Germany [edit]
Large breeds [edit]
- Annaberger Haubenstrupphühner[21]
- Augsburger[21]
- [Bergische Kräher, see Bergischer Long Crower[21]
- Bergische Schlotterkämme[21]
- Bielefelder Kennhühner[21]
- Deutsche Lachshühner[21]
- Deutsche Langschan, see German Langshan[21]
- Deutsche Reichshühner[21]
- Deutsche Sperber[21]
- Dresdner[21]
- Hamburger, see Hamburg[21]
- Kraienköppe (Twentse)
- Krüper[21]
- Lakenfelder[21]
- Niederrheiner[21]
- Ostfriesische Möwen, see East Frisian Gull[21]
- Phoenix
- Ramelsloher[21]
- Rheinländer[21]
- Sachsenhühner[21]
- Sundheimer[21]
- Thüringer Barthühner[21]
- Vogtländer[21]
- Vorwerkhühner, see Vorwerk[21]
- Westfälische Totleger, see Westphalian chicken[21]
Bantams [edit]
- Bergische Zwerg-Kräher[22]
- Bergische Zwerg-Schlotterkämme[22]
- Bielefelder Zwerg-Kennhühner[22]
- Brügger Zwerg-Kämpfer[22]
- Deutsches Zwerghühner[22]
- Deutsches Zwerg-Lachshühner[22]
- Deutsches Zwerg-Langschan[22]
- Deutsches Zwerg-Reichshühner[22]
- Deutsche Zwerg-Sperber[22]
- Frankfurter Zwerghühner[22]
- Ostfriesische Zwerg-Möwen[22]
- Ruhlaer Zwerg-Kaulhühner[22]
- Siamesisches Zwerg-Seidenhühner[22]
- Thüringer Zwerg-Barthühner[22]
- Zwerg-Altsteirer[22]
- Zwerg-Amrocks[22]
- Zwerg-Andalusier[22]
- Zwerg-Araucana[22]
- Zwerg-Augsburger[22]
- Zwerg-Australorps[22]
- Zwerg-Barnevelder[22]
- Zwerg-Brahma[22]
- Zwerg-Brakel[22]
- Zwerg-Créve Coeur[22]
- Zwerg-Dominikaner[22]
- Zwerg-Dresdner[22]
- Zwerg-Italiener[22]
- Zwerg-Kastilianer[22]
- Zwerg-Krüper[22]
- Zwerg-La Fléche[22]
- Zwerg-Lakenfelder[22]
- Zwerg-Minorka[22]
- Zwerg-Nackthalshühner[22]
- Zwerg-Niederrheiner[22]
- Zwerg-Orloff[22]
- Zwerg-Orpinglon[22]
- Zwerg-Phönix[22]
- Zwerg-Plymouth Rocks[22]
- Zwerg-Rheinländer[22]
- Zwerg-Rhodeländer[22]
- Zwerg-Sachsenhühner[22]
- Zwerg-Sulmtaler[22]
- Zwerg-Sundheimer[22]
- Zwerg-Sussex[22]
- Zwerg-Vorwerkhühner[22]
- Zwerg-Welsumer[22]
- Zwerg-Yokohama[22]
Greece [edit]
- Alonissos island chicken[23]
- Chios Fighting Chicken[24]
- Follidotes Chicken[25]
- Kalamata Chicken[26]
- Pomak Fighting Chicken[27]
- Lesvos Fillianes Chicken[28]
- Trikala Chicken[29]
India [edit]
Iceland [edit]
Indonesia [edit]
- Ayam Cemani
- Bekisar (interspecific hybrid)
- Sumatra (chicken)
- Kedu (nationally standardized)
- Pelung (long-crower, locally standardized)
Iran [edit]
- Manx Rumpy (or Rumpless Game)
- Orloff[3][30]
Italy [edit]
- Ancona[5]
- Bianca di Saluzzo[31]
- Bionda Piemontese[31]
- Ciuffine Ghigi[31]
- Collo Nudo Italiano[31]
- Ermellinata di Rovigo[31]
- Livorno, see Leghorn[31]
- Mericanel della Brianza[31]
- Millefiori di Lonigo[31]
- Millefiori Piemontese[31]
- Modenese[31]
- Mugellese[31]
- Padovana[5][31]
- Padovana Riccia[31]
- Pepoi[31]
- Polverara[5][31]
- Robusta Lionata[31]
- Robusta Maculata[31]
- Romagnola[31]
- Siciliana[31]
- Sicilian Buttercup
- Valdarno[5][31]
- Valdarnese[31]
Japan [edit]
- Japanese Bantam (or Chabo)
- Shamo (or Ko-Shamo)
- Tomaru
- Onagadori
Korea [edit]
Kosovo [edit]
Malaysia [edit]
Marianas [edit]
Netherlands [edit]
- Assendelfts Hoen (large and bantam)[33]
- Barnevelder (large and bantam)[33]
- Brabanter (large and bantam)[33]
- Chaamse hoenders[33]
- Drents Hoen (large and bantam)[33]
- Eikenburgerkriel (bantam)[33]
- Fries Hoen (large and bantam)[33]
- Groninger Meeuw (large and bantam)[33]
- Hollandse Kriel, see Dutch Bantam (bantam)[33]
- Hollandse Kuifhoen (large and bantam)[33]
- Hollands Hoen (large and bantam)[33]
- Kraaikop (large and bantam)[33]
- Lakenvelder (large and bantam)[33]
- Nederlandse Baardkuifhoen (large and bantam)[33]
- Nederlandse Sabelpootkriel, see Dutch Booted Bantam (bantam)[33]
- Nederlandse Uilebaard (large and bantam)[33]
- Noord Hollands Hoen or Noord-Hollandse Blauwe, see North Holland Blue (large and bantam)[33]
- Schijndelaar[33]
- Twents Hoen (large and bantam)[33]
- Welsummer (large and bantam)[33]
Norway [edit]
Pakistan [edit]
Philippines [edit]
Poland [edit]
- Polbar[5]
- Zielononóżka Kuropatwiana (Green-legged Partridge)[5]
Portugal [edit]
Romania [edit]
Russia [edit]
Serbia [edit]
- Banat Naked Neck (Banatski gološijan)[35]
- Sombor Crested chicken (Somborska kaporka)[5]
- Svrljig Black (Svrljiška kokoš)[5][36]
Slovakia [edit]
South Africa [edit]
Spain [edit]
- Andalusian, Andaluza Azul
- Asturian Painted Hen, Pita Pinta Asturiana
- Cara Blanca[5]
- Castilian, Castellana Negra[5][38]
- Catalana, Catalana Del Prat or Prat Leonada
- Empordanesa[5][38]
- Euskal oiloa[5][38]
- Extremaduran, Extremeña Azul
- Indio de León[5][38]
- Gallina Mallorquina[5][38]
- Minorca, Gallina Menorquina[38]
- Murciana[5][38]
- Galiña de Mos[5][38]
- Pardo de León[5][38]
- Penedesenca
- Pitiüsa[5]
- Spanish game, Combatiente español[38]
- Utrerana[5][38]
- Valenciana de Chulilla[5][38]
- White-Faced Black Spanish
Sweden [edit]
- Asbohöna[5]
- Bohuslän or Dals svarthöna[5]
- Gotlandshöna[5]
- Hedemorahöna[5]
- Ölandshöns[5]
- Oländsk Dvirghöna[5]
- Orusthöna[5]
- Skånsk Blommehöna[5]
- Svensk dvärghöna[5]
Switzerland [edit]
- Appenzeller (Barthühner and Spitzhauben)
- Schweizer chicken (Schweizerhuhn)
Turkey [edit]
- Abaza[5]
- Denizli[5]
- Denizli Black[5]
- Denizli Demirkiri[5]
- Denizli Pamukkiri[5]
- Denizli Pekmez kefi[5]
- Denizli Sarabi[5]
- Gebze[5]
- Gerze[5]
- Hacikadin[5]
- Sultan
Ukraine [edit]
United Kingdom [edit]
United States [edit]
|
Vietnam [edit]
- Ga Ac[5]
- Ga Choi[5]
- Ga Dong Tao[5]
- Ga Ho[5]
- Ga Mia[5]
- Ga Mong[5]
- Ga Noi
- Ga Ri[5]
- Ga Tau Vang[5]
- Ca To[5]
- Ga Tre[5]
- H'mong[5]
- Oke[5]
- Phu lu Te[5]
- Te[5]
- Tien Yen[5]
- Vanphu[5]
By primary use [edit]
All chickens lay eggs, have edible meat, and possess a unique appearance. However, distinct breeds are the result of selective breeding to emphasize certain traits. Any breed may technically be used for general agricultural purposes, and all breeds are shown to some degree. But each chicken breed is known for a primary use.
Eggs [edit]
Many breeds were selected and are used primarily for producing eggs, these are mostly light-weight birds whose hens do not go broody often.
Meat [edit]
Some breeds are preferred for meat alone, though the commercial broiler market is currently monopolized by the Cornish-Rock (a hybrid of the Cornish and Plymouth Rock). Many smaller farms and homesteads use dual-purpose breeds for meat production.
- Bresse
- Indian Game (or Cornish Game)
- Ixworth
- Jersey Giant
Dual-purpose [edit]
The generalist breeds used in barnyards the world over are adaptable utility birds good at producing both meat and eggs. Though some may be slightly better for one of these purposes, they are usually called dual-purpose breeds.
Exhibition [edit]
Since the 19th century, poultry fancy, the breeding and competitive exhibition of poultry as a hobby, has grown to be a huge influence on chicken breeds. Many breeds have always been kept for ornamental purposes, and others have been shifted from their original use to become first and foremost exhibition fowl, even if they may retain some inherent utility. Since the sport of cockfighting has been outlawed in the developed world, most breeds first developed for this purpose, called game fowl, are now seen principally in the show ring rather than the cock pit as fighting cocks.
| Key |
|---|
|
U denotes a breed primarily used for exhibition, but which is still used for utility purposes. |
|
G denotes a game breed. |
Bantams [edit]
Most large chicken breeds have a bantam counterpart, sometimes referred to as a miniature. Miniatures are usually one-fifth to one-quarter the size of the standard breed, but they are expected to exhibit all of the standard breed's characteristics. A true bantam has no large counterpart, and is naturally small. The true bantams include:
Cross-breeds [edit]
See also Category:Chicken hybrids
Many common strains of cross-bred chickens exist, but none breed true or are recognized by poultry breed standards. Thus, though they are extremely common in flocks focusing on high productivity, cross-breeds do not technically meet the definition of a breed. Most cross-breed strains are sex linked, allowing for easy chick sexing.
- Black Sex Link (also called Black Stars or * Black Rock in the UK)
- Red Sex Link (also called Red Stars)
- ISA Brown
- Lohmann Brown
- Daisy Belle
- Cream Legbar
- Cornish-Rock
- Easter Egger
- Broiler
See also [edit]
Footnotes [edit]
- ^ a b c d (Ekarius 2007, p. 23)
- ^ (Heinrichs 2007, pp. 20–21)
- ^ a b (Ekarius 2007)
- ^ a b (Heinrichs 2007)
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct Domestic Animal Diversity Information System. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed January 2012.
- ^ "History - Australian Pit Game Club Of Australia Inc Est 1981". Australianpitgameclub.webs.com. Accessed January 2012.
- ^ "Australian Pit Fowl". Feathersite.com. Accessed January 2012.
- ^ "The Australian Pit Game Fowl Breed". Raising-chickens.org. Accessed January 2012.
- ^ "Altsteirer". Feathersite.com. Accessed January 2012.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Grandes volailles (in French) Association pour la Promotion des Animaux de Basse-cour Belges. Accessed January 2012. "Large poultry breeds"
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Volailles naines (in French) Association pour la Promotion des Animaux de Basse-cour Belges. Accessed January 2012. "Dwarf poultry breeds"
- ^ "Croatian Hen". Feathersite.com. Accessed January 2012.
- ^ http://www.rfp-europe.org/fileadmin/SITE_ERFP/country_reports/Crotia/CR_Croatia_2009.pdf
- ^ http://www.eaap.org/Previous_Annual_Meetings/2009Barcelona/Papers/01_Gardianova.pdf
- ^ "Biodiversity in the CR/animals genetic resources". Enrin.grida.no. Accessed January 2012.
- ^ a b "Czech chicken breeds". Accessed January 2012.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Nikkonen, Terhi (2011) Finnish AnGR conservation programme: What and how? MTT Agrifood Research Finland. Accessed January 2012.
- ^ "Finnish Chickens". Feathersite.com. Accessed January 2012.
- ^ "Finnish National Animal Genetic Resources Program / Each country's work / Nordic conservation work / InnehĂĽll / Farm Animals / NordGens webbplats - Nordic Genetic Resource Center". Nordgen.org. Accessed January 2012.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao French fowl Fédération française des volailles. Accessed January 2012.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w Hühner 2011 (in German) Bund Deutscher Rassegeflügelzüchter e.V. Accessed January 2012. "Chickens 2011"
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au Zwerghühner 2011 (in German) Bund Deutscher Rassegeflügelzüchter e.V. Accessed January 2012. "Dwarf chickens 2011"
- ^ "Arca-Net". Arca-net.info. Accessed January 2012.
- ^ "Arca-Net". Arca-net.info. Accessed January 2012.
- ^ "Arca-Net". Arca-net.info. Accessed January 2012.
- ^ "Arca-Net". Arca-net.info. Accessed January 2012.
- ^ "Arca-Net". Arca-net.info. Accessed January 2012.
- ^ "Arca-Net". Arca-net.info. Accessed January 2012.
- ^ "Arca-Net". Arca-net.info. Accessed January 2012.
- ^ (Percy 2006, p. 17)
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u Atlante delle razze di polli (in Italian) Accessed January 2012. "Atlas of chicken breeds"
- ^ "Kosova Long Crowing Rooster". Retrieved 18 July 2012.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Hoenders en dwerghoenders (in Dutch) Nederlandse Bond van Hoender, Dwerghoender, Sier- en Watervogelhouders. Accessed January 2012. "Chickens and dwarf chickens".
- ^ a b c d Aves (in Portuguese) Associação dos Criadores de Bovinos de Raça Barrosã. Accessed January 2012. "Birds"
- ^ Banatski gološijan standard (in Serbian) Udruzenje za zastitu i odgoj sitnih zivotinja Sremska Mitrovica. Accessed January 2012.
- ^ Svrljig Kokos Balkan Network for Agrobiodiversity. Accessed January 2012.
- ^ a b c Agricultural Research Council - The indigenous poultry breeds of SA
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Ganaderia: Catálogo Oficial de Razas de Ganado de España (in Spanish) Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Medio Rural y Marino. Accessed January 2012 (click Razas, then Catálogo Oficial de razas). "Breeding: official catalogue of agricultural breeds in Spain".
References [edit]
- Ekarius, Carol (2007). Storey's Illustrated Guide to Poultry Breeds. 210 MAS MoCA Way, North Adams MA 01247: Storey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-58017-667-5.
- Heinrichs, Christine (2007). How To Raise Chickens. Voyageur Press. ISBN 978-0-7938-0601-0.
- Percy, Pam (2006). The Field Guide to Chickens. Suite 200, 380 Jackson St, St Paul MN 55101: Voyageur Press. ISBN 0-7603-2473-5.
External links [edit]
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Chicken breeds |
- Chicken Breeds at feathersite.com
- Photos of Standard Chicken Breeds at poultrykeeper.com with breed information pages.
- Henderson's Chicken Breed Chart
|
|||||||||||
|
|||||||||||||||||||||
