List of city nicknames in the United States

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Reno, Nevada, proudly displays its nickname as "The Biggest Little City in the World" on a large sign above a downtown street.

This partial list of city nicknames in the United States compiles the aliases, sobriquets and slogans that cities are known by (or have been known by historically), officially and unofficially, to municipal governments, local people, outsiders or their tourism boards or chambers of commerce. City nicknames can help in establishing a civic identity, helping outsiders recognize a community or attracting people to a community because of its nickname; promote civic pride; and build community unity.[1] Nicknames and slogans that successfully create a new community "ideology or myth"[2] are also believed to have economic value.[1] Their economic value is difficult to measure,[1] but there are anecdotal reports of cities that have achieved substantial economic benefits by "branding" themselves by adopting new slogans.[2]

In 2005 the consultancy Tagline Guru conducted a small survey of professionals in the fields of branding, marketing, and advertising aimed at identifying the "best" U.S. city slogans and nicknames. Participants were asked to evaluate about 800 nicknames and 400 slogans, considering several criteria in their assessments. The assigned criteria were: whether the nickname or slogan expresses the "brand character, affinity, style, and personality" of the city, whether it "tells a story in a clever, fun, and memorable way," uniqueness and originality, and whether it "inspires you to visit there, live there, or learn more."[3]

The top-ranked nickname in the survey was New York City's "The Big Apple," followed by "Sin City" (Las Vegas), "The Big Easy" (New Orleans), "Motor City" (Detroit), and "The Windy City" (Chicago). In addition to the number-two nickname, Las Vegas had the top-rated slogan: "What Happens Here, Stays Here." The second- through fifth-place slogans were "So Very Virginia" (Charlottesville, Virginia), "Always Turned On" (Atlantic City, New Jersey), "Cleveland Rocks!" (Cleveland, Ohio), and "The Sweetest Place on Earth" (Hershey, Pennsylvania).[3]

Some unofficial nicknames are positive, while others are derisive. The unofficial nicknames listed here have been in use for a long time or have gained wide currency.


Contents

See also | References | External links

[edit] Alabama

Main article: List of city nicknames in Alabama

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[edit] Alaska

Main article: List of city nicknames in Alaska
Homer's welcome sign proclaims its nickname.

[edit] Arizona

Main article: List of city nicknames in Arizona

[edit] Arkansas

Main article: List of city nicknames in Arkansas

[edit] California

Main article: List of city nicknames in California

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People's Park in Berkeley was a center of 1960s counterculture activity remembered in the sobriquet "The People's Republic of Berkeley."

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Castroville's nickname celebrates its status as a producer of artichokes.

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Dinuba, Fallbrook, and Selma have nicknames that celebrate the production of raisins.

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Garlic ice cream is given away at the annual Garlic Festival in Gilroy, nicknamed Garlic Capital of the World.

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Close-up view of one of the flower-bedecked floats in the annual Tournament of Roses Parade in Pasadena, which calls itself the City of Roses.

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Solvang's architecture reflects the Danish heritage celebrated by its nickname, Danish capital of America.

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[edit] Colorado

Main article: List of city nicknames in Colorado

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[edit] Connecticut

Main article: List of city nicknames in Connecticut

[edit] Delaware

Main article: List of city nicknames in Delaware

[edit] Florida

Main article: List of city nicknames in Florida


[edit] Georgia

Main article: List of city nicknames in Georgia (U.S. state)

[edit] Hawaii

[edit] Idaho

Main article: List of city nicknames in Idaho


[edit] Illinois

Main article: List of city nicknames in Illinois
For more details on this topic, see List of nicknames for Chicago.


[edit] Indiana

Main article: List of city nicknames in Indiana
The nickname "Athens of the Prairie" was bestowed on Columbus, Indiana, due to the large assemblage of contemporary architecture and public sculpture in the city, including Henry Moore's "Large Arch."

[edit] Iowa

Main article: List of city nicknames in Iowa

[edit] Kansas

Main article: List of city nicknames in Kansas
  • Andover - Where the People are Warm Even When the Weather Isn't[72]

[edit] Kentucky

Main article: List of city nicknames in Kentucky
Nicknames for Lexington and Louisville celebrate the Bluegrass Region's horse farms and the state's most famous horse race, the Kentucky Derby, held at Churchill Downs in Louisville.

[edit] Louisiana

Main article: List of city nicknames in Louisiana

[edit] Maine

Main article: List of city nicknames in Maine

[edit] Maryland

Main article: List of city nicknames in Maryland

[edit] Massachusetts

Main article: List of city nicknames in Massachusetts
The Minute Man Statue on the Green in Lexington commemorates the events that earned the town its sobriquet of The Birthplace of American Liberty.

[edit] Michigan

Main article: List of city nicknames in Michigan
Nicknames for Eau Claire and Traverse City are a reminder that cherries are an important crop in Michigan.

[edit] Minnesota

Main article: List of city nicknames in Minnesota

[edit] Mississippi

Main article: List of city nicknames in Mississippi

[edit] Missouri

Main article: List of city nicknames in Missouri

[edit] Montana

Main article: List of city nicknames in Montana

[edit] Nebraska

Main article: List of city nicknames in Nebraska

[edit] Nevada

Main article: List of city nicknames in Nevada

[edit] New Hampshire

Main article: List of city nicknames in New Hampshire

[edit] New Jersey

Main article: List of city nicknames in New Jersey
Nicknames of several New Jersey communities celebrate their status as Jersey Shore resorts.

[edit] New Mexico

Main article: List of city nicknames in New Mexico

[edit] New York

Main article: List of city nicknames in New York
Chazy calls itself the world capital of the McIntosh apple.
Cooperstown, site of the Baseball Hall of Fame where this plaque honoring Ty Cobb is displayed, lays claim to the title "Birthplace of Baseball."
Lockport's nickname of "Lock City" refers to the several Erie canal locks located in the city.

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The city of Niagara Falls, New York, gets both its name and its nickname of "Cataract City" from the famous set of waterfalls known as Niagara Falls.

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This 1907 postcard of Canfield Park and Saratoga Springs' nickname "the Spa City" both recall the era when the city's mineral springs and hotels made it a fashionable resort.

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[edit] North Carolina

Main article: List of city nicknames in North Carolina

[edit] North Dakota

Main article: List of city nicknames in North Dakota

[edit] Ohio

Main article: List of city nicknames in Ohio

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[edit] Oklahoma

Main article: List of city nicknames in Oklahoma

[edit] Oregon

Main article: List of city nicknames in Oregon

[edit] Pennsylvania

Main article: List of city nicknames in Pennsylvania

[edit] Rhode Island

Main article: List of city nicknames in Rhode Island

[edit] South Carolina

Main article: List of city nicknames in South Carolina

[edit] South Dakota

Main article: List of city nicknames in South Dakota

[edit] Tennessee

Main article: List of city nicknames in Tennessee

[edit] Texas

Main article: List of city nicknames in Texas

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Killeen, Texas - Kill City The 2FiftyFo

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[edit] Utah

Main article: List of city nicknames in Utah

[edit] Vermont

Main article: List of city nicknames in Vermont

[edit] Virginia

Main article: List of city nicknames in Virginia

[edit] Washington

Main article: List of city nicknames in Washington
Blaine's nickname celebrates the Peace Arch on the U.S. border with Canada.

[edit] West Virginia

Main article: List of city nicknames in West Virginia

[edit] Wisconsin

Main article: List of city nicknames in Wisconsin
The nicknames of several Wisconsin communities celebrate the state's cheese-making industry. Cheese curds, shown here covered with batter and deep-fried, traditionally have been available only at cheese factories.

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[edit] Wyoming

Main article: List of city nicknames in Wyoming

[edit] District of Columbia

  • Washington, D.C.
    • The Capital of the World.[983]
    • Chocolate City.[984]
    • City of Magnificent Distances (reported in the 1880s)[167]
    • District of Crime.[985]
    • Murder Capital of America (Late 1980s to early 1990s).[986]

[edit] Puerto Rico

Main article: List of city nicknames in Puerto Rico

[edit] See also

[edit] References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx dy dz ea eb ec ed ee ef eg eh ei ej ek el em en eo ep eq er es et eu ev ew ex ey ez fa fb fc fd fe ff fg fh fi fj fk fl fm fn fo fp fq fr fs ft fu fv fw fx fy fz ga gb gc gd ge gf gg gh gi gj gk gl gm gn go gp gq gr gs gt gu gv gw gx gy gz ha hb hc hd he hf hg hh hi hj hk hl hm hn ho hp hq Muench, David "Wisconsin Community Slogans: Their Use and Local Impacts", December 1993, accessed April 10, 2007.
  2. ^ a b c Alfredo Andia, Branding the Generic City :), MU.DOT magazine, September 10, 2007
  3. ^ a b TaglineGuru Releases List of Top U.S. City Mottos and Monikers, press release, September 20, 2005, TaglineGuru.com website, archived on June 23, 2008
  4. ^ Alabaster, Alabama, accessed March 28, 2007.
  5. ^ a b c Greetings From America's Secret Capitals, Time (magazine), July 13, 1998.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u Claims to Fame - Products, Epodunk, accessed April 16, 2007.
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  8. ^ The Model City of the New South: Anniston, Alabama, 1872-1900, accessed March 28, 2007.
  9. ^ “Loveliest Village” Inspiration Award, accessed March 27, 2007.
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  17. ^ City of Daphne, Alabama website, accessed October 5, 2010. The "Jubilee" nickname refers to a phenomenon in Mobile Bay in "blue crabs, shrimp, and fish swimming from the depths of the bay [are brought] into the shallow waters of the shoreline."
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  30. ^ City of Hartselle, accessed March 28, 2007.
  31. ^ The Alabama Gang, Alabama Live, accessed March 29, 2007. "The Alabama Gang was especially forceful during the formative years of NASCAR as brothers Bobby and Donnie Allison and Red Farmer set up shop in Hueytown, Ala., putting that town on the sports map."
  32. ^ "National Affairs: Rocket City, U.S.A.". Time. February 17, 1958. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,862900,00.html. Retrieved March 16, 2010. 
  33. ^ Huntsville: Rocket City, About.com, accessed March 29, 2007.
  34. ^ A Brief History of Huntsville, Marshall Space Flight Center, accessed March 29, 2007. "During these years Huntsville was famed as the "Watercress Capital of the World," and Madison County was Alabama's leader in cotton production."
  35. ^ Jacksonville, Alabama profile, accessed March 29, 2007.
  36. ^ Talladega County: Quality of Life, accessed March 29, 2007. "The City adopted the nickname "Motorsports City" due to its proximity next to the Talladega Superspeedway. "
  37. ^ Madison, Alabama city profile, accessed March 29, 2007.
  38. ^ [4], accessed April 14, 2010.
  39. ^ "Encyclopedia of Alabama: Steamboats in Alabama", Encyclopedia of Alabama, September 2008. Accessed March 22, 2011. "The state's most important towns developed along...navigable rivers, and Mobile, the largest metropolis, became known as the Port City."
  40. ^ Public Television Features Mobile's Azalea Trail, University of Alabama Center for Public Television & Radio press release. Accessed May 17, 2007. "MOBILE--This town is known as The Azalea City, and the evergreen azaleas for which it is famous are an indispensable part of the city’s character."
  41. ^ Sheboygan Press, The Sheboygan Press May 20, 1932. "Q. What city is called The city Of Six Flags? MN a Mobile, Alabama. It has been under French, Spanish, British, American, Alabama, and Confederate Flags."
  42. ^ The Mother of All Mardi Gras, accessed March 29, 2007.
  43. ^ [5], accessed April 10, 2010.
  44. ^ "Today, we are more than just the Capital of Alabama--we are the Capital of the South!", accessed September 16, 2007.
  45. ^ Newfield, Jack. "Marching to Montgomery: The Cradle Did Rock", The Village Voice, April 1, 1965. Accessed May 17, 2007. "It was the Ecumenical Council, a hootenanny, a happening, and a revolution all rolled into one. And it happened in Montgomery, 'Cradle of the Confederacy.'"
  46. ^ "Muscle Shoals Music - Shoals Chamber of Commerce", shoalschamber.com, accessed 2011-02-22. "By the close of the 1980s, the music business no longer regarded Muscle Shoals as "The Hit Recording Capital of the World."
  47. ^ a b Visiting or Staying?, Prattville, Alabama. Accessed May 17, 2007. "Long before Prattville became "The Preferred Community," it was known as "The Fountain City" because of its numerous artesian wells."
  48. ^ [6], accessed April 14, 2010
  49. ^ Slocomb Tomato Festival at WTVY.com, accessed August 9, 2007
  50. ^ South Baldwin Chamber of Commerce, accessed March 29, 2007. "Just north of Foley lies Summerdale, which offers a picturesque view of rural farm life and lives up to its slogan, 'The Sunshine City.'"
  51. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Claims to Fame - Rocks, Epodunk, accessed April 16, 2007.
  52. ^ Frequently Asked Questions, DCH Health System website, accessed May 29, 2011. "In the late 1800s, the city fathers of Tuscaloosa planted oak trees along downtown streets. Just as the City of Birmingham was known as the Magic City because of its amazing growth, the City of Tuscaloosa became known as the Oak City, or, in recognition of the ancient British tribe that worshipped oaks, the Druid City."
  53. ^ Welcome to Tuskegee University, accessed March 29, 2007.
  54. ^ [7]
  55. ^ Vestavia Hills, Alabama, RelocateAmerica website
  56. ^ About Wetumpka, accessed March 29, 2007. "Abundant in lore and legend, Wetumpka (an Indian term meaning rumbling waters) is rich in aboriginal history. "
  57. ^ a b c d e f g Motto ought to be boffo, Irvine World News, February 22, 2004
  58. ^ a b Air Crossroads of the World, Ground Support, April 2006."Increased tourism has halted those perceptions and Anchorage is now known as the "City of Lights and Flowers", a bustling city with a formidable backdrop of glaciers and mountains."
  59. ^ Make me feel brand new, Anchorage Press, May 17, 2006.
  60. ^ Horn, Yvonne (2005-06-08). "'Winter camp' keeps Anchorage's fuchsias fresh for summer season". San Francisco Chronicle. http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2005/06/08/HOG0VD4L5E1.DTL. Retrieved 2009-03-06. 
  61. ^ Cordova, Alaska profile, accessed March 29, 2007.
  62. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af Claims to Fame - Food, Epodunk, accessed April 16, 2007.
  63. ^ Shakespeare Marathon, KTTC, March 10, 2007. "Fairbanks, Alaska is a city known for its quirkiness, things like playing baseball at midnight and turning solid blocks of ice into works of art. But the "Golden Heart City" has another passion, one that may surprise you."
  64. ^ Rebecca George, The Golden Heart City celebrates its golden past, Fairbanks Daily News Miner, August 6, 2009.
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  66. ^ Homer, Alaska, accessed March 29, 2007. "Homer, Alaska, is considered the halibut capital of the world -- or so locals claim."
  67. ^ Kenai, Alaska website, accessed March 29, 2007.
  68. ^ "A Fleet of Ferry Ships to Offer Motorists a 'Marine' Highway to Skagway, Alaska; Enthusiasm Shown Summer Side Trip", The New York Times, March 8, 1963. "The Ferry Ships put in along The route at Ketchikan, 'The king salmon capital of The world'..."
  69. ^ Knik - Fairview Alaska, accessed March 29, 2007. "Knik is a check-point for the Iditarod Sled Dog Race, and is called the 'Dog Mushing Center of the World.'"
  70. ^ A Prairie Home Companion at Sea: Alaska 2006, accessed March 29, 2007.
  71. ^ Sitka Convention & Visitors Bureau, accessed March 29, 2007.
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  73. ^ Apache Junction Ride Choice, accessed March 30, 2007. "© 2004 City of Apache Junction, Arizona Home of the Superstition Mountains "
  74. ^ Arizona Government Web Sites, accessed March 30, 2007. "City of Apache Junction, Arizona. Gateway to legends, lakes, leisure and lost treasures."
  75. ^ a b c Flagstaff Arizona, accessed March 29, 2007. "Flagstaff is sometimes called "The City in the Pines" because the town sits in the middle of a Ponderosa Pine stand in the Coconino National Forest. The town is also called "The City of Seven Wonders" because of it proximity to the Grand Canyon, Oak Creek Canyon, Walnut Canyon, Wupatki National Monument, Sunset Crater National Monument and the San Francisco Peaks."
  76. ^ Song A' Th' Week, The Legend-News, January 21, 2002. "By golly, it's clean clear to Flag Town, c'mon. => On the highway between Rubber Duck's location and Flagstaff, Arizona ("Flagtown"), there are no reports of police activity."
  77. ^ Kingman Area Chamber of Commerce, accessed March 29, 2007. "Kingman, Arizona: The Heart of Route 66 and gateway to the Hoover Dam, Lake Mead and the Grand Canyon!"
  78. ^ Jahna Berry, Downtown Phoenix donning a new label to lure locals, tourists, The Arizona Republic, March 2, 2009
  79. ^ Quick Facts about Prescott, Prescott, Arizona. Accessed May 17, 2007. "Called the “mile-high city” at an elevation of 5,400 feet"
  80. ^ Scottsdale Arizona profile, accessed March 30, 2007. "The first mayor was Malcolm White. He also coined the city slogan, 'The West's Most Western Town.'"
  81. ^ Red Rock Country
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  84. ^ A Look at the "Old Pueblo"--Tucson, accessed March 30, 2007. Archived October 16, 2006 at the Wayback Machine
  85. ^ a b My opinion Debbie Kornmiller : TV listings' headaches fixed today, Arizona Daily Star, March 18, 2007. "The Sunshine Factory" won a Tucson nickname contest in the 1980s as a replacement for the "Old Pueblo."
  86. ^ History, Wickenburg Chamber of Commerce website, accessed November 20, 2011: "The construction of the Phoenix to California highway (Highway 60) brought even more tourists, making Wickenburg the Dude Ranch Capital of the World."
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  88. ^ The Ghost Bird, National Geographic, December 2006, "The billboards are still up along Interstate 40, inviting drivers to stop at Brinkley, the Home of the Ivory-billed Woodpecker."
  89. ^ Official Site of the City of Conway, Arkansas, accessed April 1, 2007.
  90. ^ Dumas (Desha County), Encyclopedia of Arkansas. The nickname originated with the popular song "I’m a Ding Dong Daddy from Dumas."
  91. ^ a b Kenneth Bridges, El Dorado (Union County), The Encyclopedia of Arkansas History and Culture
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  93. ^ Hot Springs, Arkansas, accessed April 11, 2007. "You'll find the perfect combination of relaxing activities and kick-out-all-the-stops attractions in the Spa City."
  94. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Claims to Fame - Animals, Epodunk, accessed April 16, 2007.
  95. ^ a b Jonesboro, accessed April 8, 2007.
  96. ^ Little Rock City Beautiful Scrapbooks, accessed April 11, 2007. "The City Beautiful Commission came up with the idea of an official rose, in keeping with Little Rock’s traditional nickname, “City of Roses.” The Joe T. Robinson rose was chosen."
  97. ^ A Brief History of Little Rock, accessed April 11, 2007. "Today, in downtown Little Rock, the old and new mix well together. Stately antebellum structures and ornate Victorian buildings neighbor gleaming new glass-facade skyscrapers stretching up into the river city's skyline with scenic, natural surroundings providing the backdrop."
  98. ^ The City of Lowell, Arkansas, accessed April 11, 2007. Motto is on upper right of page.
  99. ^ Ozark Folk Center, accessed April 11, 2007. "Visit downtown Mountain View, Arkansas, the 'Folk Music Capital of the World.'"
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  101. ^ Out There: The world's duck-hunting capital - Stuttgart, Ark., lies at the heart of the greatest mallard-hunting area, ESPN, accessed April 11, 2007. "The rice fields encroach to the very edge of the city, and erected at the side of one is a small wooden sign that says you've reached the city limits. This is it: Stuttgart — The Rice and Duck Capital of the World."
  102. ^ Alameda, here we come - California island town, Sunset (magazine), August 2001. "Much of what makes Alameda, an island with a picturesque perch off Oakland's flank in San Francisco Bay, so unusual is the way it balances connection with isolation. It lies within easy reach of major urban hubs--the bay, the San Francisco skyline, and the East Bay hills are all in view. Even so, the "Island City" seems a world apart."
  103. ^ Antioch - A Total Community, accessed April 5, 2007. "The waters in the Antioch area are some of the prime striped bass and sturgeon fishing waters. As the "Gateway to the Delta", Antioch will continue as a refuge for boaters."
  104. ^ Welcome to the Auburn Endurance Capital Web Site!, accessed April 5, 2007. "2003, the Auburn City Council passed an official measure proclaiming Auburn as the Endurance Capital of the World. Auburn is home to some of the most challenging and historic endurance events on the planet."
  105. ^ Relocating to Bakersfield, Green Country. Accessed June 2, 2007. "Bakersfield has become known as "California's Country Music Capital" with the emergence of musicians like Merle Haggard and Buck Owens."
  106. ^ Foldvary, Fred E. "The People's Republic of Berkeley", The Progress Report. Accessed May 17, 2007.
  107. ^ Cockrell, Cathy. "The ‘Athens of the West’ - Latest Chronicle of UC edition highlights history of campus arts and culture", UCBerkeley News, October 20, 2004.
  108. ^ Yosemite Wrangler Wins Mule Days World Championships, Business Wire, June 30, 2000
  109. ^ ABout Buena Park, Buena Park, California. Accessed May 17, 2007. "Known as the "Center of the Southland," Buena Park is a City with a distinct heritage undergoing an exciting revitalization in business, residential, and commercial projects."
  110. ^ "San Fernando's Open Secret: Porn Biz Has Migrated To What Some Call 'San Pornando Valley'", CBS News, November 25, 2002. Accessed June 2, 2007.
  111. ^ a b " City of Roses City of Trees - Chico, California", CaliforniaBeautiful.com, March 17, 2007. Accessed May 17, 2007.
  112. ^ Welcome to the Official Website for the City of Chino: About the City, Chino, California. Accessed May 17, 2007. "The City’s motto, “Where Everything Grows” originally referred to this agricultural beginning."
  113. ^ A Brief History of Clovis, City of Clovis. Accessed June 2, 2007. "Located in the northeast quadrant of the Fresno-Clovis Metropolitan Area, Clovis is situated in the midst of the agriculturally rich San Joaquin Valley. Since its incorporation in 1912, Clovis has been the 'Gateway to the Sierra.'"
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  877. ^ Based on the lyrics of Marty Robbins' song El Paso City
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  927. ^ [33] Official nickname on website
  928. ^ River City Magazine website
  929. ^ History: River City Observed, Discover Richmond website
  930. ^ The Roanoke Star, City of Roanoke website, accessed January 5, 2008. The nickname refers to a large lighted star on a mountainside overlooking the city, installed in 1949 and originally intended as a Christmas decoration. "It was over 50 years ago Roanoke earned the nickname, 'Star City of the South,' and the star has been a part of the landscape of Mill Mountain ever since."
  931. ^ Case 54: Roanoke, Virginia, Commission on Accreditation for Law Enforcement Agencies website, accessed January 5, 2008. "The City of Roanoke, once known as the 'Magic City' due to the speed of the city’s growth, was chartered in 1884."
  932. ^ http://www.history.org/Almanack/places/hb/hbcap.cfm
  933. ^ http://law.wm.edu/about/ourtown/index.php
  934. ^ Elizabeth Gibson, Outlaw Tales of Washington, Globe Pequot, 2001. ISBN 0762711507, ISBN 9780762711505. This label was attached to Aberdeen after a string of murders in the early 20th century.
  935. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Karen Gaudette, What's in a motto? It's a city's "brand", The Seattle Times, March 21, 2006
  936. ^ www.Bellingham-Subdued-Excitement.com
  937. ^ City of Blaine website, accessed December 25, 2009. Nickname is due to the Peace Arch Monument at the U.S.-Canada border, erected in 1921.
  938. ^ Ralph Schwartz, A walk down memory lane in Burlington, Skagit Valley Herald, July 20, 2009
  939. ^ Ellis E. Conklin, FORSAKEN BY TIMBER, FORKS IS AT A CROSSROADS LOGGING CAPITAL GRASPS AT FANTASY LAND FOR SURVIVAL, Seattle Post-Intelligencer, Friday, April 20, 1990, Section: News, Page: A1
  940. ^ James Vesely, Kirkland Shows Its Angst And Looks For Solutions, The Seattle Times, November 24, 1997
  941. ^ Lynden early history well documented in printer's ink, Lynden Tribune, June 7, 2006 (accessed December 25, 2009)
  942. ^ City of Marysville website, accessed December 25, 2009
  943. ^ Gil Bailey, Poulsbo: There's a lot to 'Little Norway', Seattle Post-Intelligencer, May 23, 1998
  944. ^ "History of Seattle: The "Jet City" Takes Off". Seattle's Convention and Visitors Bureau. Archived from the original on 2006-10-02. http://web.archive.org/web/20061002171554/http://www.seeseattle.org/media/presskits/PKHistory.asp. Retrieved 2007-10-01. 
  945. ^ Nard Jones remarked in his 1972 book Seattle (Doubleday, ISBN 0385018754), p. 354, that the nickname was "almost abandoned now because of a homosexual twist of semantics".
  946. ^ depicted on city's main welcome sign
  947. ^ History of the Spokane Lilac Festival, originally prepared by Linda Kiddo and updated as of February 2004. "The suggestion that Spokane be known as “The Lilac City” is attributed to Dr. S. E. Lambert, W.T. Triplett and John W. Duncan. In the early 1930s these men encourage the local garden club to plant lilac bushes throughout the City of Spokane."
  948. ^ Jeff Larsen, Short Trips: Revitalized city catches up to its destiny, Seattle Post-Intelligencer, March 13, 2003
  949. ^ Larson, John. Metal band looks to break out of T-town. Tacoma Weekly, December 27, 2007. Retrieved 2008-02-21.
  950. ^ See, generally, "Grit City". http://blogs.thenewstribune.com/gritcity/. Retrieved 2008-04-22. 
  951. ^ Welcome to Bluefield, West Virginia!
  952. ^ Grant County Chamber of Commerce website ("Petersburg is known as the 'Home of the Golden Trout', which is a color mutation of the regular rainbow and was developed using selective breeding at the Petersburg hatchery.")
  953. ^ City of Weirton Homepage
  954. ^ Iron and Steel, Ohio County Public Library website ("The city comes fairly by her sobriquet, 'The Nail City.' Here are cut more nails than in any other city in the world.")
  955. ^ http://cumberland-wisconsin.com/drupal/
  956. ^ Village of Gays Mills, Wisconsin - Apple Capital of Wisconsin
  957. ^ Peterson, Davis. " Titletown again; The Packers put away the Patriots 35-21 for the NFL crown, and after 29 years, Green Bay again reigns as Titletown, USA. Frenzied fans and bedlam abound in Loony Land of Lombardi.", Star Tribune, January 27, 1997. Accessed June 13, 2007.
  958. ^ Welcome to Hillsboro
  959. ^ " The Bower City is Proud of Pioneers.", Janesville Recorder, April 20, 1911. Accessed July 26, 2008
  960. ^ " JANESVILLE PLANS NEW PARK NEAR THE RIVER AND LIBRARY THE SITE WOULD FOCUS ON CHILDREN WITH SHADE-TREE READING PROGRAMS.", Wisconsin State Journal, August 20, 2000. Accessed June 13, 2007. "The place that bills itself as the ``City of Parks might be getting another one -- a unique space near Hedberg Public Library catered to children."
  961. ^ Did You Know? Facts About the City of Kaukauna, Wisconsin
  962. ^ A Symbol for a City, on the Dane County Cultural Affairs Commission's Madison: A Capital Idea website, accessed January 5, 2008. "An art lover at the 1976 Art Fair on the Square sports the Mad City T-shirt created by Russ Frank of the Madison Top Company two years earlier."
  963. ^ Brew City loses its oldest brewery, by Lisa Price, October 31, 1996, on CNN.com website. "Milwaukee has never had an identity crisis -- as one city resident said, 'We've been Brew City for 135 years.'"
  964. ^ a b Magazine tips hat to Mil-town, by Jan Uebelherr, The Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, August 31, 2007. "Spin magazine takes a dizzying spin through Brewtown in its September issue in a little travelogue called '72 Hours in Milwaukee.'"
  965. ^ The "Cream City" nickname refers to the cream-colored brick produced in Milwaukee and used in many of its 19th-century buildings.Cream City Brick, by Terry Pepper, updated 12/02/2007.
  966. ^ City of New Richmond website, accessed October 15, 2011
  967. ^ Racine, Wisconsin the Belle City of the Lakes., Racine, Wisconsin. Accessed June 13, 2007.
  968. ^ The Rhinelander Area Chamber of Commerce welcomes you to the Northwoods of Wisconsin!
  969. ^ A local mechanic and businessman built the first workable snowmobile in his shop in Sayner (About Plum Lake Township, Sayner-Star Lake Chamber of Commerce website, accessed July 26, 2008).
  970. ^ Sheboygan County Historical Documents, University of Wisconsin Digital Collections
  971. ^ Soldiers Grove, Wisconsin
  972. ^ "Waukesha Spa" Milwaukee Journal. August 8, 1969.
  973. ^ Welcome to Waupun, Wisconsin - The City of Sculptures
  974. ^ "Official Website of the City of Wauwatosa". 2009. http://www.wauwatosa.net/display/router.asp?DocID=1. Retrieved 2009-08-17. ; front page offers "Tosa trivia" and information on "Rain Gardens For Tosa" program.
  975. ^ "Official Website of the Waterpark Capital of the World". Wisconsin Visitors Bureau. 2006. http://www.wisdells.com/. Retrieved 2006-09-03. ; also, cover of 2006 Travel and Attraction Guide, ©2006 Ad Lit Inc.; printed on cover, with TM notice, "The Waterpark Capital of the World!TM, as obtained from "Wisconsin Dells Resorts". Ad Lit.. 2006. http://www.dells.com/. Retrieved 2006-09-03. , which has the same slogan. City's website, "City of Wisconsin Dells". http://www.dells.com/cityofwisdells/. Retrieved 2006-09-03.  does not mention the slogan.
  976. ^ Welcome to the official City of Cheyenne Website!, City of Cheyenne. Accessed June 13, 2007. The "Magic City of the Plains" is located at the intersection of Interstates 25 and 80 in southeast Wyoming."
  977. ^ Welcome To Cody Stampede Rodeo & Cody Nite Rodeo!!!, Buffalo Cody Stampede Rodeo. Accessed June 13, 2007. "Welcome to Cody, Wyoming, the Rodeo Capital of the World!"
  978. ^ About the Laramie Main street Program, Downtown Laramie. Accessed June 13, 2007. "Its residents will be proud to turn their attentions to its heart and core, reminiscent of and perpetuating Laramie’s reputation as the Gem City of the Plains."
  979. ^ Area Information, The Lovell Chronicle website, accessed June 27, 2010
  980. ^ Preserve America Community: Rock Springs, Wyoming, Preserve America website, accessed June 10, 2010
  981. ^ Upton, Wyoming Tales and Trails website, accessed June 26, 2011
  982. ^ Broder, David S. "Nation's Capital in Eclipse as Pride and Power Slip Away", The Washington Post, February 18, 1990. Accessed June 13, 2007. "In the days of the Truman Doctrine, the Marshall Plan and the creation of NATO, [Clark Clifford] said, we saved the world, and Washington became the capital of the world."
  983. ^ Giles, Dari. "Sweet Times in Chocolate City - visiting Washington, D.C", Essence (magazine), April 1999. Accessed June 13, 2007. "For business or pleasure, you'll be hardpressed to do it all in just one visit, but try anyway with our selection from the many things to do and see in the Chocolate City, named, some say, because of its large African-American presence."
  984. ^ Hutcheson, Ron. "Washington, D.C. - District of Crime", Fort Worth Star-Telegram, December 31, 1994. Accessed June 13, 2007.
  985. ^ Eberstadt, Nicholas. "Why babies die in D.C - District of Columbia", Public Interest, Spring 1994. Accessed June 13, 2007. "Across the country and around the world, Washington is notorious as the "murder capital of America" -- the city with the highest homicide rate of any major U.S. urban center."

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