List of consonants
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This is a list of all many consonants which can be described with a single letter in the International Phonetic Alphabet, plus some of the more common consonants which require diacritics, ordered by place and manner of articulation.
Contents |
[edit] Ordered by place of articulation
[edit] Labial consonants
[edit] Bilabial consonants
- bilabial clicks [ʘ] etc.
- bilabial nasal [m] (man)
- bilabial ejective [pʼ]
- voiced bilabial implosive [ɓ]
- voiceless bilabial plosive [p] (spin)
- voiced bilabial plosive [b] (bed)
- voiceless bilabial affricate [pɸ]
- voiced bilabial affricate [bβ]
- voiceless bilabial fricative [ɸ]
- voiced bilabial fricative [β]
- bilabial approximant [β̞]
- bilabial trill [ʙ]
- bilabial percussive [ʬ]
[edit] Labiodental consonants
- labiodental approximant [ʋ]
- labiodental nasal [ɱ] (symphony)
- voiced labiodental fricative [v] (van)
- Voiced labiodental plosive
- Voiced labiodental affricate
- voiceless labiodental fricative [f] (fan)
- voiceless rounded velarized labiodental fricative [ɧ]
- Voiceless labiodental plosive
- Voiceless labiodental affricate
[edit] Coronal consonants
[edit] Dental consonants
- dental clicks [ǀ] etc.
- dental lateral clicks [ǁ̪] etc.
- dental ejective [t̪ʼ]
- dental nasal [n̪]
- voiced dental fricative [ð] (this)
- voiced dental implosive [ɗ̪]
- voiced dental plosive [d̪]
- voiceless bidental fricative
- voiceless dental fricative [θ] (thing)
- voiceless dental plosive [t̪]
- bidental percussive [ʭ]
[edit] Alveolar consonants
- alveolar lateral clicks [ǁ] etc.
- alveolar approximant [ɹ] (red)
- alveolar ejective [tʼ]
- alveolar ejective fricative [sʼ]
- alveolar flap [ɾ]
- alveolar lateral approximant [l] (lead)
- alveolar lateral flap [ɺ]
- alveolar nasal [n] (none)
- alveolar trill [r]
- velarized alveolar lateral approximant [ɫ]
- voiced alveolar fricative [z] (zoo)
- voiced alveolar implosive [ɗ]
- voiced alveolar lateral fricative [ɮ]
- voiced alveolar plosive [d] (done)
- voiced alveolar affricate d͡z
- voiceless alveolar grooved fricative [s] (son)
- voiceless alveolar retroflex fricative [s̱]
- voiceless alveolar non-sibilant fricative [θ̱]
- voiceless alveolar lateral fricative [ɬ]
- voiceless alveolar plosive [t] (ton)
- voiceless alveolar affricate t͡s
- voiceless alveolar lateral affricate [t͡ɬ]
- ejective alveolar lateral affricate [t͡ɬʼ]
- voiced alveolar lateral affricate [d͡ɮ]
[edit] Postalveolar consonants
- (post)alveolar clicks [ǃ] etc.
- voiced palato-alveolar affricate [dʒ] (jug)
- voiced palato-alveolar fricative [ʒ] (vision)
- voiceless palato-alveolar affricate [tʃ] (chip)
- voiceless palato-alveolar fricative [ʃ] (ship)
[edit] Palatalized postalveolar consonants
- voiced palatalized postalveolar fricative [ʑ]
- voiceless palatalized postalveolar fricative [ɕ]
- voiced palatalized postalveolar affricate [d̠͡ʑ]
- voiceless palatalized postalveolar affricate [t̠͡ɕ]
[edit] Retroflex consonants
- retroflex clicks [ǃ˞] etc.
- retroflex approximant [ɻ]
- retroflex flap [ɽ]
- retroflex lateral flap []
- retroflex lateral approximant [ɭ]
- voiceless retroflex lateral fricative []
- retroflex nasal [ɳ]
- voiced retroflex fricative [ʐ]
- voiced retroflex plosive [ɖ]
- voiced retroflex affricate [ɖ͡ʐ]
- voiceless retroflex fricative [ʂ]
- voiceless retroflex plosive [ʈ]
- voiceless retroflex affricate [ʈ͡ʂ],
[edit] Dorsal consonants
[edit] Palatal consonants
- palatal clicks [ǂ] etc.
- palatal approximant [j] (yes)
- palatal ejective [cʼ]
- palatal lateral approximant [ʎ]
- voiceless palatal lateral fricative []
- palatal nasal [ɲ]
- voiced palatal fricative [ʝ]
- voiced palatal implosive [ʄ]
- voiced palatal plosive [ɟ]
- voiceless palatal fricative [ç] (human, but not hum)
- voiceless palatal plosive [c]
- voiceless palatal lateral affricate [c͡]
- ejective palatal lateral affricate [c͡ʼ]
[edit] labialized palatal consonants
[edit] Velar consonants
- velar approximant [ɰ]
- velar ejective [kʼ]
- velar lateral approximant [ʟ]
- voiceless velar lateral fricative []
- voiced velar fricative [ɣ]
- voiced velar implosive [ɠ]
- voiced velar plosive [ɡ] (get)
- voiceless velar fricative [x]
- voiceless velar plosive [k] (kick, cat)
- ejective velar lateral affricate [k͡ʼ]
[edit] labialized velar consonants
- voiced labialized velar approximant [w] (witch)
- voiceless labialized velar approximant [ʍ] (which)
[edit] Uvular consonants
- uvular ejective [qʼ]
- uvular nasal [ɴ]
- uvular trill [ʀ]
- voiced uvular fricative [ʁ]
- voiced uvular implosive [ʛ]
- voiced uvular plosive [ɢ]
- voiceless uvular fricative [χ]
- voiceless uvular plosive [q]
[edit] Radical consonants
[edit] Pharyngeal consonants
[edit] Epiglottal consonants
[edit] Glottal consonants
- murmured glottal fricative or transition [ɦ]
- voiceless glottal fricative or transition [h] (hat)
- glottal plosive [ʔ]
[edit] Ordered by manner of articulation
[edit] Nasal consonants
- alveolar nasal [n]
- bilabial nasal [m]
- dental nasal [n̪]
- labiodental nasal [ɱ]
- palatal nasal [ɲ]
- retroflex nasal [ɳ]
- uvular nasal [ɴ]
- velar nasal [ŋ]
[edit] Plosive (stop) consonants
- epiglottal plosive [ʡ]
- voiced alveolar plosive [d]
- voiced bilabial plosive [b]
- voiced dental plosive [d̪]
- voiced palatal plosive [ɟ]
- voiced retroflex plosive [ɖ]
- voiced uvular plosive [ɢ]
- voiced velar plosive [ɡ]
- voiceless alveolar plosive [t]
- voiceless bilabial plosive [p]
- voiceless dental plosive [t̪]
- voiceless glottal plosive [ʔ]
- voiceless palatal plosive [c]
- voiceless retroflex plosive [ʈ]
- voiceless uvular plosive [q]
- voiceless velar plosive [k]
[edit] Fricative consonants
- alveolar ejective fricative [sʼ]
- voiced alveolar fricative [z]
- voiced alveolar lateral fricative [ɮ]
- voiced alveolo-palatal fricative [ʑ]
- voiced bilabial fricative [β]
- voiced dental fricative [ð]
- voiced epiglottal fricative [ʢ]
- voiced glottal fricative [ɦ]
- voiced labiodental fricative [v]
- voiced palatal fricative [ʝ]
- voiced pharyngeal fricative [ʕ]
- voiced postalveolar fricative [ʒ]
- voiced retroflex fricative [ʐ]
- voiced uvular fricative [ʁ]
- voiced velar fricative [ɣ]
- voiceless alveolar fricative [s]
- voiceless alveolar lateral fricative [ɬ]
- voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative [ɕ]
- voiceless bilabial fricative [ɸ]
- voiceless dental fricative [θ]
- voiceless epiglottal fricative [ʜ]
- voiceless glottal fricative [h]
- voiceless labiodental fricative [f]
- voiceless palatal fricative [ç]
- voiceless palatal-velar fricative [ɧ]
- voiceless pharyngeal fricative [ħ]
- voiceless postalveolar fricative [ʃ]
- voiceless retroflex fricative [ʂ]
- voiceless uvular fricative [χ]
- voiceless velar fricative [x]
[edit] Affricate consonants
- voiced postalveolar affricate [dʒ]
- voiceless postalveolar affricate [tʃ]
- voiceless alveolar affricate [ts]
[edit] Approximant consonants
- alveolar approximant [ɹ]
- alveolar lateral approximant [l]
- bilabial approximant [β̞]
- labio-palatal approximant [ɥ]
- labio-velar approximant (voiced) [w]
- labio-velar approximant (voiceless) [ʍ]
- labiodental approximant [ʋ]
- palatal approximant [j]
- palatal lateral approximant [ʎ]
- retroflex approximant [ɻ]
- retroflex lateral approximant [ɭ]
- velar approximant [ɰ]
- velar lateral approximant [ʟ]
- velarized alveolar lateral approximant [ɫ]
[edit] Flap (tap) consonants
- alveolar flap [ɾ]
- alveolar lateral flap [ɺ]
- retroflex flap [ɽ]
[edit] Trill consonants
- alveolar trill [r]
- bilabial trill [ʙ]
- uvular trill [ʀ]
[edit] Ejective consonants
- alveolar ejective fricative [sʼ]
- alveolar ejective [tʼ]
- bilabial ejective [pʼ]
- dental ejective [t̪ʼ]
- palatal ejective [cʼ]
- uvular ejective [qʼ]
- velar ejective [kʼ]
[edit] Implosive consonants
- voiced alveolar implosive [ɗ]
- voiced bilabial implosive [ɓ]
- voiced dental implosive [ɗ̪]
- voiced palatal implosive [ʄ]
- voiced uvular implosive [ʛ]
- voiced velar implosive [ɠ]
[edit] Click consonants
- bilabial clicks [ʘ] etc.
- labiodental clicks [ʘ̪] etc.
- dental clicks [ǀ] etc.
- dental lateral clicks [ǁ̪] etc.
- (post)alveolar clicks [ǃ] etc.
- alveolar lateral clicks [ǁ] etc.
- retroflex clicks [ǃ˞] etc.
- palatal clicks [ǂ] etc.
