List of countries by foreign-exchange reserves

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Foreign-exchange reserves (also called Forex reserves) in a strict sense are only the foreign-currency deposits held by central banks and monetary authorities. However, the term foreign-exchange reserves in popular usage (such as this list) commonly includes foreign-currency deposits and gold reserves, special drawing rights (SDRs) and International Monetary Fund (IMF) reserve position as this total figure is more readily available, however it is accurately deemed as official reserves or international reserves. The list excludes currency swaps conducted by central banks.

These are assets of the central banks which are held in different reserve currencies such as the U.S. dollar, euro, yen and pound, and which are used to back its liabilities, e.g., the local currency issued, and the various bank reserves deposited with the central bank, by the government or financial institutions. Before the end of the gold standard, gold was the preferred reserve. Some nations are converting foreign exchange reserves into sovereign wealth funds, which can rival foreign exchange reserves in size.

This is a list of countries and territories by foreign exchange reserves in U.S. dollar equivalence. The People's Republic of China is unique because it has 3 different monetary authorities, i.e. one for Mainland China and one each for its two autonomous Special administrative regions - Hong Kong and Macau - which are therefore counted separately. Exchange rate fluctuations can have significant impact on these numbers. While most nations report in US dollars, a few nations in Eastern Europe report solely in Euros.

Contents

List of sovereign states by foreign-exchange reserves [edit]

The list below is based on IMF data – when available; Otherwise – U.S. Central Intelligence Agency data are indicated. For consistency, forward currency swap contracts are not included in this list until they mature, figures that include them may be higher or lower than those listed here. IMF or other outstanding loans are not shown here; if they were accounted for many nations would list lower.

Rank Country/monetary authority Foreign exchange reserves
(Millions of US$)		 Figures as of
1  People's Republic of China 3,312,000 Dec 2012[1]
2  Japan 1,258,809 Feb 2013[2]
Eurozone.svg Eurozone 881,963 Feb 2013[2]
3  Saudi Arabia 626,800 Dec 2012[1]
4  Russia 527,708 Mar 2013[3]
5  Switzerland 522,187 Feb 2013[2]
6  Republic of China (Taiwan) 403,170 Dec 2012[4]
7  Brazil 376,934 Mar 2013[2]
8  Republic of Korea 327,395 Feb 2013[2]
9  Hong Kong 304,774 Feb 2013[2]
10  India 295,200 Apr 2013[5]
11  Singapore 259,136 Feb 2013[2]
12  Germany 240,552 Feb 2013[2]
13  Algeria 190,500 Dec 2012[1]
14  Thailand 179,272 Feb 2013[2]
15  France 179,240 Feb 2013[2]
16  Italy 175,589 Feb 2013[2]
17  Mexico 171,253 Jan 2013[2]
18  United States 148,039 Mar 2013[2]
19  Malaysia 140,307 Feb 2013[2]
20  Libya 130,300 Dec 2012[1]
21  United Kingdom 126,793 Feb 2013[2]
22  Turkey 123,227 Feb 2013[2]
23  Poland 108,869 Mar 2013[2]
24  Indonesia 105,183 Feb 2013[2]
25  Philippines 85,760 Jan 2013[2]
26  Denmark 85,144 Feb 2013[2]
27  Israel 78,398 Jan 2013[2]
28  Iran 69,860 Dec 2012[1][6]
29  Canada 69,358 Feb 2013[2]
30  Sweden 66,153 Feb 2013[2]
31  Peru 65,210 Jan 2013[2]
32  Iraq 61,840 Dec 2012[1]
33  Norway 54,593 Jan 2013[2]
34  Netherlands 53,253 Mar 2013[2]
35  South Africa 51,227 Jan 2013[2]
36  Lebanon 51,200 Dec 2012[1]
37  Spain 50,992 Feb 2013[2]
38  Romania 47,546 Feb 2013[2]
39  Nigeria 47,314 Mar 2013[7]
40  Hungary 47,129 Feb 2013[2]
41  Czech Republic 45,351 Feb 2013[2]
42  Australia 44,940 Feb 2013[2]
43  United Arab Emirates 43,770 Dec 2012[1]
44  Argentina 41,609 Feb 2013[2]
45  Chile 39,330 Feb 2013[2]
46  Colombia 38,065 Feb 2013[2]
47  Belgium 29,716 Feb 2013[2]
48  Kuwait 29,260 Dec 2012[1]
49  Kazakhstan 26,659 Feb 2013[2]
50  Austria 26,169 Feb 2013[2]
51  Qatar 25,970 Dec 2012[1]
52  Venezuela 25,230 Dec 2012[1]
53  Ukraine 24,710 Feb 2013[2]
54  Portugal 21,833 Feb 2013[2]
55  Vietnam 20,900 Dec 2012[1]
56  New Zealand 20,845 Feb 2013[2]
57  Bulgaria 18,269 Feb 2013[2]
58  Morocco 17,905 Jan 2013[2]
59  Macau 16,600 Dec 2012[1]
60  Serbia 16,200 Dec 2012[1]
61  Croatia 14,572 Feb 2013[2]
62  Bangladesh 14,105 Mar 2013[8]
63  Bolivia 13,620 Dec 2012[9]
64  Egypt 13,500 Feb 2013[10]
65  Uruguay 12,743 Jan 2013[2]
66  Pakistan 11,764 Apr 2013[11]
67  Finland 10,713 Feb 2013[2]
68  Trinidad and Tobago 10,650 Dec 2012[1]
69  Azerbaijan 9,870 Dec 2012[1]
70  Jordan 8,814 Dec 2012[2]
71  Lithuania 8,530 Dec 2012[2]
72  Belarus 8,095 Dec 2012[2]
73  Latvia 7,484 Feb 2013[2]
74  Sri Lanka 7,400 Dec 2012[1]
75  Guatemala 7,273 Feb 2013[2]
76  Greece 6,982 Feb 2013[2]
77  Costa Rica 6,817 Feb 2013[2]
78  Paraguay 5,326 Dec 2012[1]
79  Dominican Republic 4,317 Dec 2012[1]
80  Iceland 4,090 Feb 2013[2]
81  Cambodia 3,732 Dec 2012[1]
82  Nepal 3,631 Dec 2012[1]
83  El Salvador 3,143 Dec 2012[2]
84  Mauritius 2,991 Nov 2012[2]
85  Georgia 2,872 Dec 2012[2]
86  Moldova 2,515 Dec 2012[2]
87  Slovakia 2,508 Dec 2012[2]
88  Honduras 2,425 Feb 2013[2]
89  Kyrgyzstan 2,067 Jan 2013[2]
90  Nicaragua 1,887 Dec 2012[2]
91  Armenia 1,799 Dec 2012[2]
92 Republic of Ireland Ireland 1,664 Mar 2013[2]
93  Cyprus 1,194 Jan 2013[2]
94  Luxembourg 980 Feb 2013[2]
95  Slovenia 840 Mar 2013[2]
96  Laos 822 Dec 2012[1]
97  Malta 604 Feb 2013[2]
98  Estonia 330 Feb 2013[2]


See also [edit]

References [edit]

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v "The World Fact Book, reserves of foreign exchange and gold". CIA. 
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq "Data Template on International Reserves and Foreign Currency Liquidity – Reporting Countries". Imf.org. 2001-01-05. Retrieved 2010-07-08. 
  3. ^ "Bank of Russian Federation". Cbr.ru. Retrieved 2013-01-01. 
  4. ^ "Central Bank of the Republic of China (Taiwan) — Foreign Exchange Reserves". Retrieved 2013-01-01. 
  5. ^ "Indian Foreign Exchange Reserves". 
  6. ^ Iranian government does not report the foreign exchange reserves as a matter of policy and all figures are estimates calculated by international or foreign institutes which are occasionally endorsed by Iranian officials without disclosing the exact numbers.
  7. ^ "Central Bank of Nigeria The Movement In Reserves". 
  8. ^ Bangladesh's foreign currency reserves surpass 14 bln USD - Xinhua | English.news.cn
  9. ^ "Banco de Bolivia". Bcb.gob.bo. 2012-12-27. Retrieved 2013-01-01. 
  10. ^ "Egypt forex reserves did not fall significantly in March: central bank | Reuters"
  11. ^ "Pakistan’s forex reserves fall to $11.764 bn | Business | DAWN.COM"

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