List of defunct retailers of the United States
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
 |
This article contains embedded lists that may be poorly defined, unverified or indiscriminate. (January 2008) |
Across the United States, a large number of local stores and store chains that started between the 1920s and 1950s have become defunct since the late 1960s, when many chains were either consolidated or liquidated. Some have been lost due to mergers. Below is a list of defunct retailers of the United States.
This is an incomplete list, which may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by expanding it with reliably sourced entries.
Automotive [edit]
- 10,000 Auto Parts – ( - 1990[1]). Midwest; bought out by Champion Auto stores[2][3]
- 4-Day Tire Stores – A California based chain of tire stores that had existed between 1969 and 1996 which kept prices low by only being opened each week from Wednesday through Saturday.[4][5][6]
- Al's Auto Parts – in Washington, California, Idaho, Oregon, Nevada and Alaska; purchased by CSK Auto
- Auto Palace – (- 1998). Acquired by AutoZone[7][8]
- Auto Source – A defunct chain in the United States founded in Indianapolis by Canadian Tire in 1991 that only lasted until 1995. A similar concept was later used in Canada to create PartSource.[9][10] Some of the stores were sold to Pep Boys.[11]
- Auto Works – A defunct chain that was started from scratch in 1976 by Perry Drug and which grew mostly through acquisitions[12][13] prior to being sold to Northern Automotive in 1988.[14] In turn, Northern became CSK and CSK sold Auto Works to Hahn Automotive in 1993[15] before Hahn finally closed Auto Works in 1997.[16] At its height, there were 252 stores in 8 states.
- Big A Auto Parts – 142 stores and 10 distribution centers sold in 1998 bankruptcy proceedings to General Parts Inc. and BWP Distributors Inc. ("Carquest"), and Parts Source Inc., ("Ace Auto Parts").[17]
- Big Wheel/Rossi Auto Parts
- Bumper to Bumper Auto Parts[18]
- Checker Auto Parts – purchased by CSK Auto, Inc.; acquired by O'Reilly Auto Parts in 2008 and brand phased out[citation needed]
- Chief Auto Parts
- CSK Auto – nationwide; bought out by O'Reilly Auto Parts in 2008[citation needed]
- Fleenor Auto Supply – Founded in 1926 as Fleenor Auto Parts in Alexandria, Indiana, Fleenor Auto Supply grew into a 50 store chain before it was acquired by the 11 stores chain Auto Works in 1983 when the name on the stores changed to FAS Auto Works and finally to Auto Works.[14][19][20]
- Guarantee Auto Stores – An Indianapolis based chain that was founded in 1916 and had 77 stores in 4 states prior to its merger with Nationwise Automotive of Columbus, OH in 1988.[21][22][23]
- Kragen Auto Parts – purchased by CSK Auto, Inc.; acquired by O'Reilly Auto Parts in 2008 and brand phased out[citation needed]
- Murray's Discount Auto Stores – purchased by CSK Auto, Inc.; acquired by O'Reilly Auto Parts in 2008[citation needed]
- Nationwise Automotive – A Columbus, Ohio based chain founded in 1963 that went bankrupt in 1995.[24][25] Most of the stores were acquired by the Parts America division of Western Auto and the rest by AutoZone.[26][27]
- Oklahoma Tire & Supply Company
- Parts America – Sears created the Parts America store concept in 1995. Tried to convert full service Western Auto stores into the parts only Parts America brand until Sears decided to sell the stores to Advance Auto Parts in 1998.[28][29][30] Upon merger, Parts America stores were rebranded Advance Auto Parts and the website partsamerica.com became a web only store for Advance Auto Parts. With financial backing from Sears, Advance Auto Parts decided to make the partsamerica.com into a portal for web purchasing of auto parts as part of a joint venture with CSK Auto.[31] The website appeared to have been deactivated by 2009.[32]
- Schucks Auto Supply – purchased by CSK Auto, Inc.; acquired by O'Reilly Auto Parts in 2008
- Super Shops
- Trak Auto – Mid-Atlantic, Midwest, and West Coast; purchased by Advance Auto Parts in 2002
- Western Auto – nationwide, once had 1,800 locations, purchased by Sears in 1987 and sold to Advance Auto Parts in 1998
- Wheels Discount Auto – (owned by Fays Inc Fay's Drug and Paper Cutter) - acquired by Parts America,[33][34] subsequently purchased by Advance Auto Parts (Sears)[35]
Camping, sports or athletic stores [edit]
- Gart Sports – bought by Sports Authority
- G.I. Joe's – Oregon and Washington
- Herman's World of Sporting Goods
- Mages – Chicago
- Oshman's
- Olympic Sports – Seattle, Washington
- Sportmart
- Sportswest
- Sunny's Surplus
Catalog showrooms [edit]
- Ardan – 1950–1986; an outgrowth of a family-owned jewelry business dating back to 1885,[36] Ardan showroom locations increased to 68 across the Midwest and California by 1983, when the company began closing and selling showrooms due to shrinking market share, and stopped retailing non-jewelry merchandise;[37][38] some showrooms were acquired by Service Merchandise.[39]
- Best Products
- Brand Names – 1952–2001; regional chain located in the Buffalo, New York, area; consisted of 12 showrooms and six furniture galleries when it closed 2001 due to changing market forces of web based retail and big box stores[40][41][42]
- Brendle's
- Service Merchandise – the name was resurrected in 2004 for an online retail operation[citation needed]
- H. J. Wilson Co. – Southern states, based in Baton Rouge, Lousiana; acquired by Service Merchandise in 1986[citation needed]
- Witmark – operated in southwestern Michigan; founded 1969, liquidated 1997[citation needed]
Clothing, shoe and specialty stores [edit]
- A&N Stores – Army-Navy surplus store that later sold sportswear and footwear, with 48 stores in Virginia, ceased operations in 2008.[43][44]
- Anderson-Little – men's specialty retailer originally associated with a large Massachusetts-based men's clothing manufacturer; also known as Anderson Little-Richman Brothers; owned for many years by F. W. Woolworth Company; sold to Cliftex Corporation and incorporated into its Gentlemen's Wearhouse subsidiary in 1993; ceased operations in 1997, but was restarted in 2008 by the grandson and great-grandson of the original founder[45][46][47][48][49]
- El Bee Shoes - Formerly a part of Elder-Beerman before it was liquidated in 1996.[50][51][52][53]
- Harold's/Harold Powell – Norman, Oklahoma[citation needed]
- Harry Levinson's – was an Indianapolis based mens clothing chain that went bankrupt in 1995.[54][55][56]
- J. Brannam – was Woolworth; liquidated
- Jay Jacobs
- Judy's Inc. – founded in 1946, this women's clothing retail chain[57] sold in 1989 to Laws International Holdings Ltd, entered Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection from 1992 to early 1993, sold to Larry Hansel/ Westridge Partners.[58] There were 50 Judy's stores in 1993,[58] but the chain, including Hansel's Rampage Clothing went bankrupt by 1997.[59]
- Just For Feet
- Kids "R" Us An offshoot of Toys "R" Us, selling child and preteen clothing
- Kids Mart – Once owned by Woolworth[60][61][62]
- Kinney Shoes
- Kleinhans – Buffalo, New York
- Klopfenstein's[citation needed]
- Laura Ashley – U.S. stores closed; many remain in the UK and elsewhere[citation needed]
- Martin + Osa
- Merry-Go-Round[citation needed]
- Raleigh's – also known as Raleigh Haberrdasher
- Richman Brothers – men's specialty store based in Cleveland, Ohio; sold to F.W. Woolworth in 1969; operated for a time as Anderson Little-Richman Brothers, finally folded in 1992.[63][64]
- Robert Hall
- Rogers Peet – New York City, New York, and branches
- Roos/Atkins
- Ruehl No.925 – concept brand launched by Abercrombie and Fitch in 2004; poor sales and operating losses led to A&F ceasing operations of Ruehl in early 2010
- Sagebrush – sold casual wear
- The Sample – Buffalo, New York
- Sibley's Shoes
- Thom McAn Store[citation needed]
- Today's Man[citation needed]
- Yellow Front Stores
- Warner Brothers Studio Store[citation needed]
- Petite Sophisticate – division of Casual Corner
- Mondi
- Metropark[disambiguation needed]
- Gadzooks
- Contempo Casuals
Department and discount stores [edit]
Main article: List of defunct department stores of the United States
Drug stores [edit]
A–M [edit]
- A. L. Price – Metro Detroit; part of Perry Drug Stores[citation needed]
- Arbor Drugs – Michigan-based chain; acquired by CVS Pharmacy[citation needed]
- Big "B" Drugs[citation needed]
- Cunningham Drug – Metro Detroit, Michigan area; dissolved in 1982
- Dart Drug – converted to Fantle's
- Disco Drug and Discount Centers – was a pharmacy chain based in California that operate during the 1960s and 1970s until its parent company, Daylin, Inc., experienced financial difficulties that force it to close the stores.[65][66][67]
- Dorb the Chemist, Inc. – filed for bankruptcy in 1932
- Drug Emporium
- Drug Fair
- Eckerd Corporation – acquired by Rite Aid in the northern region and CVS Pharmacy in the Southeast
- Fantle's
- Farmacias El Amal – San Juan, Puerto Rico, firm; 20 locations bought by Walgreens in 2008; remaining closed in 2011
- G. O. Guy – acquired by Thrifty PayLess
- Giant T – owned by Thrifty PayLess
- Gray Drug – purchased by Rite Aid
- Haag Drugs – was started in Indianapolis in 1876 and was acquired by Peoples Drug in 1980.[68][69][70]
- Happy Harry's – acquired by Walgreens
- Hook's Drug Stores – acquired by Revco
- K&B (also known as Katz & Bestoff) – a New Orleans, Louisiana-based pharmacy and general merchandise store chain
- Longs Drugs – acquired by CVS Caremark
N–Z [edit]
- Osco Drug & Sav-on Drugs – freestanding locations acquired by CVS Pharmacy
- Pay 'n Save
- Peoples Drug – acquired by CVS Pharmacy
- Perry Drug Stores – acquired by Rite Aid in 1995
- Phar-Mor – bankrupt due to $500 million embezzlement; some assets acquired by Giant Eagle
- Read's Drug Store
- Revco – acquired by CVS Pharmacy
- Rexall
- Rx Place – Woolworth
- Sav-on
- Sav-Rite Drug – acquired by Revco[citation needed]
- Schwab's Pharmacy – Hollywood, California, hangout for movie actors; closed in 1983
- Shapero's – part of Cunningham Drug in Metro Detroit, Michigan[citation needed]
- Skaggs Drug Centers – became part of Albertsons, Inc.
- Snyder Drug Stores – acquired by Walgreens in 2010
- Standard Drug Company – was part of Melville Corporation
- SupeRx – Kroger created the first SupeRx store in 1961 with most stores next door or very close to existing Kroger stores.[71][72]
- Tam's Gold Seal Drugs – Central Indiana-based chain
- Thrift Drug – merged into Eckerd after J.C. Penney bought Eckerd
- Thrifty PayLess – acquired by Rite Aid in 1998
- Value Giant
Electronics stores [edit]
- A&B Sound
- Allied Radio – Chicago, Illinois, acquired by Radio Shack
- Burstein - Applebee Co.
- Cal Stereo – Los Angeles based electronics store that went bankrupt in 1979[73][74]
- Circuit City – now reopened online through CompUSA/Tiger Direct
- Computer City
- CompuAdd
- Crazy Eddie
- Douglas TV – bought out by Tweeter in 2000[75][76][77]
- Egghead Software
- Electric Avenue – operated by Montgomery Ward[78][79]
- Erol's
- Federated Group – bought by Atari in 1987 and later sold most of the stores in 1989 [80][81][82][83][84][85]
- Fretter[citation needed]
- Fred Schmid – operated in Colorado, Montana and Wyoming; purchased by Fretter[86][87]
- Good Guys – purchased by CompUSA
- Highland Superstores – Liquidated in 1993.[88][89][90]
- Incredible Universe
- Lafayette Radio
- Lechmere
- Luskin's – Baltimore, Maryland-based appliance and electronics retailer[91][92]
- McDuff
- Mars Music
- On Cue – operated by Musicland in small towns and micropolitan areas until sold to Best Buy in 2000 along with Sam Goody. Stores were converted to Sam Goody within the following year.[93][94]
- Pacific Stereo – had 67 stores before it went out of business in 1987[95][96]
- Polk Brothers
- Rockbottom[citation needed]
- Schaak Electronics
- Silo
- SoftWarehouse – predecessor to CompUSA[citation needed]
- Sound Advice – Florida[97][98]
- SoundTrack
- Steinberg's (electronics store)
- Sun Television and Appliances – bankrupt and liquidated in 1998
- Tech Hifi – co-founded by Sandy Ruby at M.I.T. in 1964[99]
- (Nobody Beats) The Wiz
- Tweeter
- The Warehouse
- Video Concepts
- Ultimate Electronics
- University Stereo – started in 1960 and went bankrupt in 1986[100][101][102]
Five-and-dime; variety stores [edit]
- Ames Department Stores Inc.
- Bradlees
- Caldor
- Cornet
- Danners 5 & 10
- F. W. Woolworth Company – successor corporation is Foot Locker Inc.
- GEM
- Gemco
- G. C. Murphy
- H.L. Green
- Hudson Brothers'
- E. J. Korvette
- J.G. McCrory
- Memco – locations became Bradlees
- J.J. Newberry
- Jamesway
- Jupiter Discount
- Kuhn's Big K – merged with Wal-Mart
- MacFrugals – merged into Big Lots!
- McLellan's
- Memco
- Neisner's
- Otasco – Texas
- Murphy's Mart
- Richman Gordman – business model overhauled and name shortened to Gordmans in the late 1990s
- S. S. Kresge – renamed Kmart in 1977
- S. H. Kress
- Shopper's City
- Sky City
- Sprouse-Reitz
- TG&Y
- The Store – Wichita, Kansas
- Two Guys
- Valu-Mart (alternatively branded as Villa-Mart)
- Venture Stores
- Woolco
- W. T. Grant
- Zayre
- Zody's
Furniture stores [edit]
- Barker Bros. – After being in business for 111 years, the largest furniture store chain in Southern California declared bankruptcy in 1991.[103][104][105][106]
- Bombay Company – U.S. stores
- Castro Convertibles – primarily Northeast and Southeast U.S.
- Fradkin Brothers Furniture – Baltimore County, Maryland
- Heilig-Meyers
- Levitz Furniture
- Linens 'n Things
- Rhodes Furniture
- Seamans Furniture – merged into Levitz Furniture in 2005
- Wickes Furniture – bankrupt February 3, 2008
Grocery stores and supermarkets [edit]
A–M [edit]
- ABC Markets
- ABCO Foods
- AJ Bayless
- Alfalfa's
- Alpha Beta – acquired by Food for Less / Ralphs
- Big Buy – part of Finast
- Big Bear Stores
- Bohack's
- Boys Markets
- Buttrey Food & Drug
- Buehler Foods – operated as Buehler's Buy-Low
- Cala Foods and Bell Markets – rebranded as DeLano's IGA; others sold to other retailers
- Carter's Foods
- Clemens Markets – suburban Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; acquired by Giant in 2006
- Colonial Stores
- H.C. Chaffee – acquired by Safeway
- Daniel Reeves – acquired by Safeway
- Del Farm – founded in Chicago, acquired by National Tea in 1958, converted or closed by Loblaw by 1972[107][108][109][110][111]
- Delchamps
- Dick's Supermarket – Southwestern Wisconsin; acquired by Piggly Wiggly in 2006
- Eagle Food Centers
- Eastern Stores – acquired by Safeway
- Eisner Food Stores – acquired by Jewel Food Stores
- Edwards – joined Ahold to become Stop & Shop
- Expo Superstore – Vons big-box format; Southern California
- FamilyMart – A&P
- Farmer Jack – A&P
- Finast (also known as First National Stores) – purchased by Ahold; rebranded Edwards
- Fisher Foods – In California, first known as Fazio's Shopping Bag and then just Fazio's.
- Food Basket – acquired by Lucky Stores
- Food Fair – later Pantry Pride
- Food Giant Markets – Was a California based chain that was founded in 1951 and later owned by Theodore Cummings until the chain was merged with Vornado. Prior to the merger, Unimart was a part of Food Giant.[112][113][114][115]
- Furrs Supermarkets – Furr's cafeteria division still in business
- Giant – Ralphs big box format; Southern California
- Giant Open Air – merged with Farm Fresh Food & Pharmacy
- Grand Union – New Jersey- and New York-area chain; bankrupt; bought and became Grand Union Family Markets in Upstate New York and Vermont
- Greater All American Markets – acquired by Albertsons
- Greenwich IGA – Greenwich, New York
- Harvest Foods[citation needed]
- Hills Supermarkets
- Hughes Markets
- Jim Dandy – acquired by Lucky
- Jewel T – founded by the Jewel Companies as their discount chain, but was sold to Save-A-Lot in 1984 when Jewel was acquired by American Stores[116][117][118]
- Jitney Jungle
- Kash n' Karry – became Sweetbay Supermarket
- Kessel Food Market
- Kohl's Food Stores – acquired by A&P
- Laneco – Eastern Pennsylvania/Western New Jersey
- Liberal – Dayton, Ohio[119][120]
- LoRay – San Francisco Bay area[citation needed]
- Loblaws – Northeastern Ohio; also Buffalo, New York
- Lowell's Discount Foods – was the discount concept for the Indiana Grocery Company; stores converted to full service Preson-Safeway stores in 1986[121][122]
- Mr. AG's – Kansas; part of the IGA chain; last store closed in 1970
- Mr. D's IGA – Wichita, Kansas
- MacMarr Stores – acquired by Safeway
- Maloley's Finer Foods – Fort Wayne, Indiana based chain that was purchased by SuperValu in 1980 and then closed in 1984[123][124]
- Market Basket – Once a 65 store chain in Southern California that was founded in Pasadena in 1930, was purchased by Kroger in 1963 before being sold off in 1982 with the individual stores absorbed by other regional chains. Boys Markets had briefly used the name, under license from Kroger, for some of their stores in the late 1980s.[125][126][127][128] Neither chains are related to the supermarket chain located in Texas and Lousiana.
- Max Foods – rebranded Lucky
- Metro Food & Pharmacy – rebranded Shoppers in 2004
- Mr. D’s Fresh Food Market – A Central Indiana based chain that went out of business in 2003.[129][130][131][132]
N–Z [edit]
- National Tea
- Newway – acquired by Safeway
- O.K. Fairbanks[citation needed]
- Omni Superstore – Dominick's big-box format
- Packer[citation needed]
- Pak and Save[citation needed]
- Pantry Food Stores – A Pasadena, California based chain that was purchased by Cullum in 1967 and then by Vons in 1986 which eventually lead to the stores being rebranded as Pavilions.[133][134]
- Pantry Pride
- Pay’n Takit – acquired by Safeway
- Penn Fruit – later Top Value[citation needed]
- Peter Reeves[citation needed]
- Preston-Safeway – was a regional chain that briefly became the largest supermarket chain in Central Indiana, but was unable to within stand competition from national chains that were constantly entering the region from outside.[135][136][137] Not related to Safeway Stores, Inc.. Several courts ruled that Preston-Safeway had the right to use the name Safeway in Central Indiana due to prior use.[138]
- Pick-N-Pay Supermarkets
- Purity – San Francisco Bay area[citation needed]
- Purity Supreme – Boston area
- QFI
- Rack N Sack[citation needed]
- Ralph's – Seattle area, acquired by Top Foods
- Red Food – Chattanooga, Tennessee, area; acquired by Bi-Lo Stores
- Red Robin Stores[citation needed]
- Red Owl – Chicago, Illinois, stores only were sold to National Tea; remainder acquired by Supervalu
- Sampson Food Stores – purchased by Hannaford in 1966, but name changed did not occur until 1983[139][140]
- Sanitary Grocery Stores[dead link] – after losing the Supreme Court case New Negro Alliance v. Sanitary Grocery Co., Washington, D.C.-area stores were acquired by Safeway Inc.; Baltimore, Maryland-area stores were acquired by Twin Food Stores[141]
- Sav-A-Center – A&P in the New Orleans, Louisiana, region
- Schwegmann Bros. Giant Supermarkets – New Orleans; closed in 1999 after more than 125 years in business[142][143]
- Seaway Food Town
- Seessel's Supermarkets – acquired by Schnucks
- Shopping Bag – Shopping Bag Food Stores was founded at a single store in Los Angeles in 1930 before growing in a 36 store chain by the time it was purchased by Vons in 1960. Due to anti-trust issues, Vons was not allowed by the US Justice Department to integrate the newly purchased stores into their firm and was later forced to sell the stores in 1972 to Fisher Foods which quickly rebranded the stores as Fazio's Shopping Bag and later as Fazio's after purchasing additional stores from A&P.[144]
- Skaggs-Alpha Beta
- Smitty's Marketplace – acquired by Albertsons in Missouri, rebranded Fred Meyer in Arizona
- Standard Food – later Standard Dell Farms; Central Indiana; purchased by National Tea in 1947[145] and closed by Loblaw in 1982.[146] At one time, largest supermarket chain in central Indiana. Locations were sold to Marsh and Preston-Safeway.
- Sunflower Market – SuperValu-owned natural foods market; closed in 2008; never affiliated with the southwestern U.S. chain of the same name
- Super Duper
- Super One Foods – acquired by Albertsons
- Super Place[citation needed]
- Super Saver Foods
- Sure Save – Chicago, Illinois; acquired by National Tea in 1961; stores changed to National Tea in 1964[147][148][149][150][151]
- Thriftway – acquired by Safeway
- Tianguis – Vons' Hispanic format; Southern California (1988-1994)[152][153]
- Town and Country – acquired by 7-Eleven around 1998[citation needed]
- Twin Food Stores – Baltimore, Maryland, area; spun off from Sanitary Grocery Stores[citation needed]
- Walt's IGA – Wichita, Kansas
- White Hen Pantry – merged with 7-Eleven in mid-2007
- Wild Oats Markets
Home decor and craft stores [edit]
- Bombay Company
- Frank's Nursery & Crafts
- Lee Wards
- Old America – bankrupt 1999; liquidated remaining stores
- Waccamaw's Homeplace/Waccamaw Pottery
Home improvement [edit]
- Builderama – Georgia-based chain[154][155]
- Builders Emporium[dead link] – An Irvine, CA based chain formerly owned by the Santa Monica Wickes Companies that was finally forced to closed 1993 after its former parent had a number of financial problems during the previous decade. The chain was started in the San Fernando Valley in 1946.[156][157]
- Builders Square – subsidiary of Kmart;[158] sold to Hechinger
- Central Hardware – A St. Louis based chain that went bankrupt in 1995.[159][160][161]
- Channel Home Centers
- Chase Pitkin – was owned by the Wegman's [of grocery store fame] family of Rochester, New York[162][163]
- Coast to Coast Hardware
- Eagle Hardware & Garden – founded 1989
- Ernst Home Centers – Seattle, Washington
- EXPO Design Center
- Forest City – became Handy Andy
- Furrow's – was a part of Payless Cashways[164][165]
- Gamble-Skogmo – bought by Our Own Hardware in 1986
- Grossman's[166][167]
- Handy Andy Home Improvement Center
- Handy City – was a part of W. R. Grace and Company and later Channel Home Centers[168][169]
- Handy Dan
- Handyman – formerly owned by Edison Bros. Stores; closed in 1986[170][171]
- Hechinger
- Hill-Behan[172][173]
- HomeBase
- Home Quarters Warehouse
- House 2 Home
- House Works – was a part of W. R. Grace and Company and later Channel Home Centers[174][175]
- Hugh M. Woods – was a part of Payless Cashways[176][177]
- Jacobs – Old Bridge, New Jersey; became a New York Sports Club; now empty store
- Knox Lumber – was a part of Payless Cashways[178][179]
- Lechters Housewares – was a kitchenware and home decor store
- Mr. Good Buys – Eastern Pennsylvania/Maryland, closed in 1991[180][181]
- Lindsley Lumber[182][183]
- Mr. HOW Warehouse – was owned by Service Merchandise, went bankrupt in 1986[184][185][186][187]
- National Lumber – A California based company that had declared bankruptcy in 1990 [156][188][189]
- Ole's – Ole's Home Centers was a Pasadena based Southern California home improvement chain that was originally founded in Rosemead, CA in 1946, acquired by W.R. Grace in 1984 before it was finally purchased by the Santa Monica based Wickes Companies in 1986 and then merged into Builders Emporium.[190][191]
- Our Own Hardware – bought by Hardware Wholesalers in 1997[192][193]
- Pay 'N Pak
- Payless Cashways – included Furrows & Payless; all assets liquidated as of November 2001
- Pergament Home Centers
- Rickel
- Roper Lumber Company – Virginia based[194][195]
- Scotty's Builders Supply
- The Wickes Companies – At one time this Santa Monica based holding company had owned several home improvement store chains such as Wickes Lumber, Builder's Emporium, Ole's Home Centers, and Wickes Furniture before it was finally dismantled in 1989. The only remnant of this organization that appeared to have survived is a chain of DYI stores in the United Kingdom called Wickes. Mt. Vernon, IL based Wickes Lumber appeared to have survived almost a decade later before it appeared to have disappeared.[191][196][197][198][199][200][201]
- Yardbirds Home Center
Music and video stores (records, tapes, books, CDs, DVDs, etc.) [edit]
A–M [edit]
- B. Dalton
- Borders Books – some locations purchased by Books-A-Million; borders.com website acquired by Barnes & Noble
- Blockbuster Music – some locations converted to Wherehouse Music; majority were closed
- Camelot Music – converted to FYE stores[202]
- CD World – merged with Streetside Records in 2002, bankrupted in 2003 and then purchased by Trans World[203][204][205]
- Coconut's – was acquired by Trans World in 1986; rebranded f.y.e in 2001[206][207][208]
- Crown Books
- Disc Jockey – acquired by Trans World Entertainment in 2000.[209][210]
- Flipside Records – Chicago, Illinois, area
- Harmony House – Michigan
- Hollywood Video
- House of Music – Hawaii based chain founded in Waikiki in 1949; purchased by National Record Mart; closed when NRM went bankrupt in 2001[211]
- Incredible Universe
- King Karol – New York City
- Licorice Pizza – A Glendale California based chain that was founded in 1969 and was later purchased by Record Bar in 1985. Stores were rebranded as Sam Goody after Musicland had purchased Record Bar a few months later in 1986.[212][213][214]
- Media Play – closed and dissolved in 2006; a media superstore (books, music, and video) concept created by Musicland in 1992.[215][216]
- Movie Gallery – some Midwestern Stores were converted to Family Video, but some former buildings in the region are closed
- Music Plus – A California chain that was purchased by Blockbuster in 1988 with the stores later converted into Blockbuster Music stores.[217][218][219]
- Musicland – Minnesota
N–Z [edit]
- National Record Mart – A Pittsbugh, Pennsylvania based company that went bankrupt in 2002.[220][221][222][223][224]
- Odyssey Records & Tapes – bankrupted in 1979[225][226]
- On Cue – a music, book and video store concept for small towns that was tested by Musicland. First store opened in 1992. Stores later converted into Sam Goody.[227][228][229]
- Oranges Records & Tapes[citation needed]
- Paul's Record Hut – New Rochelle, New York; Paul, Paula, Paddy, Andy[clarification needed][citation needed]
- Peaches Records and Tapes – A Los Angeles based chain that went bankrupt in 1981.[230][231]
- Quonset Hut Records & More – Ohio based company went bankrupt in 2005.[232][233]
- Rainbow Records – Oklahoma City
- Record & Tape Outlet (later CD & Tape Outlet) – Ohio[citation needed]
- Record Bar – malls
- Record Town – store name changed to FYE by parent company Trans World Entertainment
- Record World – company also operated The Record Shops at TSS; was purchased by W.H. Smith after declaring bankruptcy in 1992 and later rebranded The Wall the folowing year[234][235][236]
- Rose Records – Chicago, Illinois, area, was acquired by Tower Records from its owner and founder[237][238][239]
- Sam Goody – most locations converted to FYE, but a small number of locations continue to operate as Sam Goody
- Sammy's Record Shack – St. Louis?[citation needed]
- Saturday Matinee – acquired by Record Town before becoming FYE[citation needed]
- Second Time Around – retailer of new and used records and tapes[citation needed]
- Soul Sounds Unlimited[citation needed]
- Sound Warehouse – acquired by Blockbuster Inc. after 1992 bankruptcy; subsequently converted some stores to Blockbuster Music, the remainder to Blockbuster Video[240][241]
- Sounds of Soul Records & Tapes[citation needed]
- Square Circle – store concept created in 1986 by Record World[242]
- Starship Tapes & Records – Tulsa, Oklahoma[citation needed]
- Strawberries – Massachusetts, was acquired by Live Entertainment in 1989 just before Live Entertainment's founder and CEO was murder by his sons; became independent in 1994 taking the other Live Entertainment's music store chains with it; acquired by Trans World in 1997 after declaring bankruptcy; rebranded f.y.e. in 2001[243][244][245][246][247][citation needed]
- Streetside Records – A St. Louis based chain founded in 1971 and was acquired by Trans World Entertainment 2003. Last store closed in January 2013.[248][249][250]
- Tape World – a store concept created by Trans World Entertainment in 1979 but later replaced by its later f.y.e. store concept[251]
- Tower Records – converted to an online-only retailer
- Turtle's Records & Tapes
- The Record Shops at TSS – was a division of Record World that was located within Times Square Stores until the latter declared bankruptcy[252][253]
- The Wall – chain created by W.H. Smith sold chain to Camelot Music 1997 and Trans World Entertainment purchases Camelot the following year[254][255][256]
- Waldenbooks
- Wall To Wall Sound & Video – acquired by W.H. Smith in 1990 after Wall To Wall declared bankruptcy in 1990; parent company rebranded stores The Wall in 1993[257][258][259]
- Waves Music – store concept launched by National Record Mart in 1987; stores closed when parent company declared bankruptcy in 2002[260]
- Waxie Maxie – Virginia; purchased by the parent company of Strawberries in 1989; became part of the new Strawberries in 1994; acquired by Trans World in 1997 afer bankruptcy[261][262][263][264]
- Wee Three – Philadelphia chain acquired by W.H. Smith in 1989; later rebranded The Wall in 1993[265][266][267]
- Wherehouse Music
- Vinyl Fever – small Florida record store chain; went out of business January 2011[268][269]
- Virgin Megastores
- Yesterday's Records/Discs – Wichita, Kansas[270][271]
Office-supply stores [edit]
- Chandler's – Evanston, Illinois, and Chicago, Illinois, suburbs[citation needed]
- J. K. Gill Company – Pacific Northwest; stationery, office supplies
- McWhorter's – San Francisco Bay Area[citation needed]
- Office Warehouse – division of Home Quarters
- Office Place – San Francisco Bay Area[citation needed]
- Paper Cutter – New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania; division of Fay's Drug[citation needed]
- Tam's Stationers – Los Angeles, California[citation needed]
- Ulbrich's – Buffalo, New York[citation needed]
- Unity Stationers – Chicago, Illinois; the retail division of United Stationer's Supply, which is still in business[citation needed]
Restaurants [edit]
A–M [edit]
- The All American Burger – The All American Burger was a regional American fast-food restaurant chain founded in 1968 in Los Angeles, California by Aaron Binder and made famous in the movie Fast Times At Ridgemont High.[272][273][274][275]
- Beefsteak Charlie's
- Big Daddy's Restaurants
- Bill Knapp's
- Blue Boar Cafeterias
- Boll Weevil
- Boston Sea Party
- Bresler's Ice Cream
- Briazz
- Britling Cafeterias
- Brown Derby
- Burger Chef
- Carrols Restaurant Group
- Casa Bonita
- Chi-Chi's
- Childs Restaurants
- China Coast
- Clock
- Clifton's Cafeteria
- Coon Chicken Inn
- Cuppy's Coffee
- Deco Refreshments, Inc.
- Dee's Drive-In
- Druther's
- Dubrow's Cafeteria
- Duff's Famous Smorgasbord – At one time, it had 150 restaurants.[276][277][278]
- Earl Abel's
- Forum Cafeterias
- Geri's Hamburgers
- Gino's Hamburgers
- Griff's Hamburgers
- Henry's Hamburgers
- Hobo Joe's – IRE investigated this firm in March 1977.[279][280][281][282]
- Holly Tree Inn
- Horn & Hardart
- Horne's
- Hot Shoppes, Inc.
- Howard Johnson's – three restaurants are still open with this name, but no longer constitute a true chain
- Huyler's
- Isaly's
- Kelsey's Neighbourhood Bar & Grill
- Kenny Rogers Roasters
- La Petite Boulangerie
- Laugh-In Restaurant – theme restaurant based on Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In television show[283][284]
- Laughner's Cafeteria
- Little Tavern
- Lum's
- Major Magic's All Star Pizza Revue[285][286]
- Manning's Cafeterias
- Mighty Casey's
- Minnie Pearl's Fried Chicken[287][288]
- Montana's Cookhouse
- Morrison's Cafeteria
- Mr. Fables
- Mr. Steak
N–Z [edit]
- Naugles
- Nedick's
- Nickerson Farms
- Official All Star Café
- Pancho's Mexican Buffet – unknown number remain open as independently run restaurants
- Pioneer Chicken
- Planet Pizza
- Pleasers[citation needed]
- Po' Folk's – once owned by actor Burt Reynolds.[289][290][291]
- Pup 'N' Taco
- Red Barn (restaurant)
- Roadhouse Grill
- Rustler Steak House
- S&W Cafeteria
- Sambo's
- Sandy's
- Schrafft's
- Sholl's Colonial Cafeteria
- Showbiz Pizza Place
- Sir George's Royal Buffet – Founded as the Sir George's Smorgasbord House in Orange County California in 1964 and had locations in California, Nevada, Arizona, and Texas[292][293][294]
- Sisters Chicken & Biscuits – Founded in 1979, Sisters was Wendy's first attempt to expand beyond burgers.[295][296][297]
- Specialty Restaurant Group
- Steak and Ale
- Steve's Ice Cream
- The Original House of Pies
- The Royal Canadian Pancake Houses
- Two Pesos
- Uncle Johns[citation needed]
- Valle's Steak House
- Victoria Station – one restaurant remains open in Salem, Massachusetts
- Wag's
- Weenie Beenie
- Wetson's
- White Coffee Pot
- White Tower Hamburgers
- Wuv's – Ft. Lauderdale burger chain filed for bankruptcy in 1981[298][299]
- Wyatt's Cafeteria – bought by Luby's in 1996[300][301][302]
- York Steak House – one restaurant remains open in Columbus, Ohio
- Zantigo – a revival of the Zantigo menu and format has seven restaurants in Minneapolis, Minnesota[303]
Toy stores [edit]
- All Wound Up
- Beatties[citation needed]
- Child World (also known as Children's Palace) – liquidated 1992
- Children's Palace
- Childrens Bargain Town – Chicago, Illinois; sold to Toys "R" Us[citation needed]
- Circus World
- Family Toy (also known as Family Toy Warehouse)[citation needed]
- Funtown Toys – Freehold Township, New Jersey[citation needed]
- The Great Train Stores[citation needed]
- KB Toys – liquidated February 9, 2009, which closed all of the remaining stores; sold to Toys "R" Us
- Kiddie City[citation needed]
- Lionel Kiddie City
- Lionel Playworld
- Muirhead's – Detroit, Michigan[citation needed]
- Noodle Kidoodle
- Playworld[citation needed]
- Play Town[citation needed]
- Tons O' Toys[citation needed]
- Toy Box – San Antonio, Texas; rebranded Always Collectible in 2001; closed all stores in 2004
- Warner Brothers Studio Store
- Zany Brainy
Warehouse clubs and membership department stores [edit]
- American Wholesale Club[citation needed]
- Bodega Club[citation needed]
- Club Wholesale[citation needed]
- Consumers Buying Service Store (also branded as CBSS)[citation needed]
- DGS VolMAX[citation needed]
- Edwards
- E.J. Korvette
- Fedco
- Gemco – known as Memco in the Washington, D.C. region
- GEX – short for Government Exchange, but a private retailer; also known as G.E.M. and G.E.S
- Gov Mart[citation needed]
- Metro – Chicago, Illinois area; acquired by BJ's Wholesale Club[citation needed]
- Pace Membership Warehouse – acquired by Sam's Club
- Price Club – merged with Costco
- PriceRite Warehouse Club
- Price Savers – purchased by K-mart in 1991[304][305]
- Source Club – owned by Meijer (Grand Rapids, Michigan); first store open in 1991; all stores closed in 1994[306][307]
- Warehouse Club, Inc. – became bankrupt in 1990[308][309]
- Wholesale Club, Inc. – purchased by Sam's Club in 1991[310][311]
See also [edit]
References [edit]
- ^ "10,000 Auto Parts leaves many losers". St. Paul Pioneer Press. March 4, 1990. {fee required}.
- ^ "GD Auto can buy 10,000 Auto Parts' Assets, Judge Says". St. Paul Pioneer Press (MN) (NewsBank). March 31, 1990. p. 10C Business. Retrieved January 29, 2012.(subscription required)
- ^ "Champion owners plan to buy assets of 10,000 Auto Parts stores, reopen 10". Minneapolis Star-Tribune (NewsBank). April 3, 1990.(subscription required)
- ^ "4-Day Tire Stores Out of Business". Los Angeles Times, August 05, 1996.
- ^ "Donald Carr, 4day Tire Stores Co-Founder, Dies: Funeral: The Newport resident succumbed to leukemia at 58. He helped establish innovative chain in 1969.". Los Angeles Times, July 21, 1995.
- ^ "Phil Lansdale; Ad Executive Founded 4day Tire Stores". Los Angeles Times, June 24, 1990.
- ^ "AutoZone acquires 112-store Auto Palace chain". Memphis Business Journal. February 18, 1998.
- ^ "We've Got You Covered". Record-Journal. March 22, 1998. p. D6.
- ^ "A new kind of auto store: Canadian retailer to open first U.S. locations here this summer. (Canadian Tire Corp. Ltd.'s US Division, Car Car USA Inc.)".Indianapolis Business Journal, April 15, 1991.
- ^ "Canadian Tire Closes Auto Source". TireBusiness.Com, January 9, 1995.
- ^ "Pep Boys To Acquire Three Auto Source Stores". PR Newswire, March 5, 1995.
- ^ "Perry Drug Stores to Buy Auto Parts Stores". Los Angeles Times, August 9, 1983, page E14. Link via ProQuest.
- ^ "Mufflers and Mascara". Forbes, Jan 30, 1984. Link via ProQuest.
- ^ a b "Rite Aid Accelerating Into Auto Parts Retailing With Acquisition Of ADAP". Elsevier Business Intelligence, March 26, 1984.
- ^ "Hahn Automotive Warehouse Inc.: Auto Works to Be Acquired From Northern Retail Corp.". Wall Street Journal, November 1, 1993. Link via ProQuest.
- ^ "Michigan Auto Works stores started sales last Saturday". Angus Press, August 26, 1997, page 6.
- ^ "Company news; APS Holding to sell 142 Big A Auto Parts stores". New York Times. September 11, 1998.
- ^ Daly, Dan (March 7, 2007). "Talking Business: Prime Time Jerky gone". Rapid City Journal.
- ^ "Perry Drug Acquisition". Wall Street Journal, September 13, 1983, page 2. Link via ProQuest.
- ^ "Perry Drug Stores to Buy Auto Parts Stores". Los Angeles Times, August 9, 1983, page E14. Link via ProQuest.
- ^ "Nationwise Auto Parts Set to Purchase Guarantee Auto Stores, Inc.". Press Release, December 23, 1987.
- ^ "Guarantee Auto Stores, Inc. / To be sold to Nationwise Automotive, Inc. of Columbus, Ohio". Indianapolis Star, Devember 24, 1987.
- ^ "Guarantee Auto Fate Unclear As Buyout Negotiations Continue". Indianapolis Business Journal, January 04, 1988 page 1. Link via ProQuest.
- ^ "Nationwise Automotive crafts turn around plan". Business First, Jun 05, 1995, page 1. Link via ProQuest.
- ^ "Nationwise Chapter 11 filing shifts lawsuits into neutral". Business First, Aug 28, 1995, page 3. Link via ProQuest.
- ^ "Sears May Shift Gears At Western Auto". Chicago Tribune, October 06, 1995.
- ^ "Guarantee Auto Fate Unclear As Buyout Negotiations Continue". Indianapolis Business Journal, January 04, 1988 page 1. Link via ProQuest.
- ^ "CSK Auto and Advance Auto Parts Partner With Sequoia Capital to Launch PartsAmerica.com, Largest Auto Parts Site With National Distribution". Business Wire, January 10, 2000.
- ^ "Advance Auto revs up online sales". Business Journal, October 13, 2009.
- ^ "Western Auto accelerates its conversion to parts-only format: By year's end, the company will convert all its company stores to 'Parts America'. The Auto Channel, September 1997.
- ^ "PartsAmerica.com Give Consumers A Bricks & Mortar Alternative". Autoparts Report, February 23, 2001
- ^ archived website
- ^ "Western Auto Acquires Wheels Discount Auto" (press release). Western Auto (Sears). October 20, 1995.
- ^ "Wheels Yields To Parts America". Schenectady:The Daily Gazette. February 20, 1996, p. D3.
- ^ "Fays Inc · 8-K · Wheels Discount Auto Supply, Inc. sold to Western Auto (Sears)". Securities and Exchange Commission. November 30, 1995.
- ^ "Ardan, catalog store, will open". The Modesto Bee. September 7, 1976. p. A-7.
- ^ "Ardan catalog operation to close". Discount Store News (Findarticles.com). February 17, 1986.
- ^ "Two Showrooms Closed by Ardan". Lexington Herald-Leader (KY). January 17, 1985. p. B5.(subscription required)
- ^ "2 operations consolidated by Carlson". Discount Store News (Findarticles.com). July 8, 1985.
- ^ [1].
- ^ "Brand Names Sales to shut down". Buffalo Business First, March 13, 2001.
- ^ "Brand Names is close to deal for area stores". Buffalo Business First, May 24, 1999.
- ^ Shapiro, Carolyn. January 12, 2008, The Virginian-Pilot, "After 139 years, A&N stores to close doors".
- ^ "Virginia-based retailer A&N Stores to close". Charlottesville Daily Progress, January 12, 2008.
- ^ "Woolworth's to shut Anderson Little chain. (F.W. Woolworth Co. closes Anderson Little-Richman Brothers)". Highbeam.com. April 6, 1992. Retrieved June 19, 2010.
- ^ "Gentlemen's Wear-House chain using Anderson-Little Logo.". Highbeam.com. September 24, 1993. Retrieved June 19, 2010.
- ^ "Bell tolls for Anderson-Little. (Men's clothing retailer to close in New England in early 1997)". Highbeam.com. September 16, 1996. Retrieved June 19, 2010.
- ^ "NewStandard: 11/18/96". Archive.southcoasttoday.com. November 18, 1996. Retrieved June 19, 2010.
- ^ Welker, Grant (July 16, 2008). "Anderson-Little is back in fashion – Fall River, Massachusetts". The Herald News. Retrieved June 19, 2010.
- ^ "Bankruptcy Liquidation"
- ^ "Investors Acquire Bee-Gee Shoe Corp. from Elder-Beerman, Receive $10M from Paragon Capital; New ownership to convert El-Bee stores into Shoebilee! stores, prepare for expansion". Business Wire, February 3, 2000.
- ^ "Elder-Beerman wraps up sale of shoe chain". Cincinnati Enquirer, January 29, 2000.
- ^ "Elder-Beerman sells shoe unit". Cincinnati Enquirer, September 29, 1999.
- ^ "History 301: Fashion designer famous everywhere but his hometown". Urbantimes Online, February 14, 2012.
- ^ "Harry Levinson's great-grandson logs on to Internet shirt sales. (America's Shirt and Tie)". Indianapolis Business Journal, April 7, 1997.
- ^ "Flashback". Indianapolis Star, June 28, 2003.
- ^ "Lawrence Israel; Ex-Engineer Founded Judy's, G.Hq. Clothing Store Chains". Los Angeles Times. September 28, 1991.
- ^ a b "New owners dress up Judy's clothing store chain". Los Angeles Business Journal (AllBusiness.com). June 14, 1993.
- ^ Defying the odds: sharing the lessons I learned as a pioneer entrepreneur. Overlook Press. 2002. p. 235. ISBN 978-1-58567-307-0.
- ^ "Kids Mart Files For Bankruptcy". Chicago Tribune, January 11, 1997.
- ^ "Citing Losses, Kids Mart Will Shut 97 Stores, Fire Workers". Los Angeles Times, September 18, 1996.
- ^ "Kids Mart Files for Chapter 11". Los Angeles Times, January 11, 1997.
- ^ "Encyclopedia of Cleveland History:Richman Brothers Co". Ech.case.edu. June 20, 1997. Retrieved June 19, 2010.
- ^ "Company News – Richman Chain Will Be Closed". New York Times. April 3, 1992. Retrieved June 19, 2010.
- ^ "Centers Carry Complete Line". Los Angeles Times, March 28, 1976, Page Q6. Link via ProQuest.
- ^ "Daylin Takes Giant Steps but Seeks to Go Further". Los Angeles Times, May 30, 1969, Page C11. Link via ProQuest.
- ^ "Drug Store Outlet Open". Los Angeles Times, June 29, 1972, Page M2. Link via ProQuest.
- ^ The Encyclopedia of Indianapolis (1994), pages 652-653, 1092-1094, ISBN 0253312221
- ^ "New Leadership, New Thinking Revitalized Peoples Drug Stores". Toledo Blade, August 3, 1980
- ^ "Income Increases At Peoples Drug". Toledo Blade, December 3, 1979
- ^ "Kroger Head is Named to Board". Beaver County Times, November 29, 1975.
- ^ "Kroger Considering SupeRx/Hook Leveraged Buyout". Elsevier Business Intelligence, October 6, 1986.
- ^ "Creditors To Cal Stereo--Proceed With Bankruptcy". Billboard, August 11, 1979, page 6. Link via ProQuest.
- ^ "4 Indicted on Charges of Running Phony Fire Sale and Mail Fraud at Cal Stereo". Los Angeles Times, November 7, 1980, page F2. Link via ProQuest.
- ^ "Douglas TV Purchased For $5.7 Million". Chicago Tribune, August 04, 2000.
- ^ "Tweeter Completes Douglas TV Purchase". Twice
- ^ Tweeter Home Entertainment Group Announces an Agreement in Principle to Acquire Douglas TV, the Big Screen Store, A Four-Store Chain Located in Chicago. Business Wire, August 3, 2000.
- ^ "Wards Plows Into Small-town America: Electric Avenue & More Home Stores Seen As Seeds For Aggressive Expansion". Chicago Tribune, September 30, 1994.
- ^ "Ward rolls out Electric Avenue & More". Discount Store News, August 1994. Link via EBSCO.
- ^ "Atari to Acquire Federated Group for $67.3 Million: Deal Would Give Video Pioneer Access to a Retail Network". Los Angeles Times, August 24, 1987.
- ^ "A Short in Electronics Market: Federated is the latest to trip up, as retailers are finding they have no hot gadgets to lure consumers into stores." . Los Angeles Times, March 13, 1989.
- ^ "Ailing Unit Blamed for $85-Million Loss: Atari Puts Federated on the Block". Los Angeles Times, March 10, 1989.
- ^ "Silo to Buy 26 Federated Units in Southland". Los Angeles Times, November 10, 1989.
- ^ "Ailing Federated Shuts 15 Stores, Will Trim 400 Jobs". Los Angeles Times, April 05, 1989.
- ^ "Atari May Be Near Deal to Sell Its Ailing Federated Group Unit". Los Angeles Times, November 09, 1989.
- ^ "Schmid plugs into comeback. (Fred Schmid Appliance and TV Co. rebounding after merger with Fretter Inc.)". Denver Business Journal, November 22, 1991.
- ^ "Fred Schmid Stores Continue To Shut Down". Rocky Mountain News, March 13, 1996.
- ^ "Highland Superstores To Cut Management". New York Times, June 25, 1991.
- ^ "Highland Superstores To Liquidate Assets". New York Times ,March 17, 1993.
- ^ "Highland closing: Highland Superstores Inc., which has...". Chicago Tribune, March 16, 1993.
- ^ "Luskin starts new chain". Baltimore Business Journal, October 7, 1996.
- ^ "Luskins Asks Protection From Creditors". Sun Sentinel, April 15, 1987.
- ^ "On Cue brand will become Sam Goody". Minneapolis St. Paul Business Journal, May 12, 2002.
- ^ "On Cue closing decision part of Best Buy cuts". Winona Daily News, January 10, 2003.
- ^ "End of Glory Days For Pacific Stereo: Now a Buyer Plans Rescue Pacific Stereo's Tough Going". New York Times, June 30, 1986, page D1. Link via ProQuest.
- ^ "Pacific Stereo to liquidate". Chicago Tribune, May 23, 1986, page B3. Link via ProQuest.
- ^ "Sound Advice starts liquidation sales, will shut down". St. Petersburg Times. November 5, 2008. Retrieved June 19, 2010.
- ^ "Sound Advice adding showroom in Boca Raton with more to come". Miami Herald, November 8, 2012.
- ^ Weber, Bruce (November 27, 2008). "Sandy Ruby, Co-Founder of Tech Hifi, Dies at 67". The New York Times. Retrieved May 8, 2010.
- ^ "University Stereo Asks Chapter 11 Protection". Los Angeles Times, December 3, 1982, page G1. Link via ProQuest.
- ^ "University Stereo: Daily arrivals of new equipment". Los Angeles Times, March 14, 1979, page G1. Link via ProQuest.
- ^ "Giant Electronics Chains Slug It Out". Los Angeles Times, November 30, 1986.
- ^ "Barker Bros. to Fill Big South Coast Village Gap: Merchandising: The Pasadena-based furniture chain will make the Mercantile Building, empty for six years, its flagship". Los Angeles Times, July 10, 1990.
- ^ "Barker Bros. 'to Reorganize,' Closes Stores". Los Angeles Times, November 02, 1991.
- ^ "Furniture Retailers in Trouble: Recession: Barker Bros. files for bankruptcy. RB may file this week. Both are victims of an industry slump that's lasted four years". Los Angeles Times, November 05, 1991
- ^ "Stripped Furniture: Barker Bros. Sells Final Items, Ends 111 Years in Southland". Los Angeles Times, January 17, 1992.
- ^ "Nat. Tea Buys Del Farm Food Stores Chain: Pick 'N Save Unit Also Acquired". Chicago Daily Tribune, March 15, 1958, page B5. Link via ProQuest.
- ^ "National Tea Acquisition". Wall Street Journal, March 17, 1958, page 9. Link via ProQuest.
- ^ "Del Farm Stores: Chicago Chain Shows Dynamic Growth". Chicago Daily Defender, February 24, 1966, page 25. Link via ProQuest.
- ^ "Del Farms, Loblaw Stores In District To Be Closed". Observer-Reporter, Aug 2, 1972, page A2.
- ^ "Del Farm Union, Firm Slate Pay Talk". Pittsburgh Press, August 8, 1972, page 7.
- ^ "Big 'Giveaway' Heralds Food Giant Anniversary". Torrance Press, November 15, 1961.
- ^ "Obituaries: Sue P. Cummings, 99; Founded Youth Charity". Los Angeles Times, March 31, 2005.
- ^ "Vornado Inc., Food Giant Inc. OK Merger". Schenectady Gazette, September 27, 1967.
- ^ "Food Giant Grand Opening 1951"
- ^ "'Jewel T' Plans No Frill Discount Grocery in Edgewood". Lakeland Ledger, March 14, 1979, page 6D.
- ^ "President of Jewel T credits feminism, but prefers to talk shop". St. Petersburg Times, April 6, 1979, page 8C.
- ^ "SuperValu's Crown Jewel". Supermarket News, April 29, 2002.
- ^ "Businessman Eugene Schear dies at 94 ; He operated Liberal Markets, Concord City store". Dayton Daily News, November 18, 2011
- ^ "Dayton retailer and entrepreneur Gene Schear dies". Dayton Business Journal, November 16, 2011.
- ^ [http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/olm78h00 "Lowell's Stores Slated For Conversion To Preston-Safeway By Labor Day"]. Indianapolis Business Journal, August 18, 1986.
- ^ "'Grocery Wars' Case Heats Up". Indianapolis Business Journal, July 7, 1986, Volume 7, Issue 10, Page 1. Link via ProQuest.
- ^ "Grocer gives to Community Foundation". Journal Gazette, March 29, 2012.
- ^ "Community Foundation given $250K bequest". News-Sentinel, March 28, 2012.
- ^ "Market Basket, a Pasadena Institution since 1930, two location on North Lake". Avenue to the Sky, March 14, 2013
- ^ "Market Basket Mayhem", Pleasant Family Shopping, August 2, 2007.
- ^ "Market Basket Signs Will Be Going Up Again: Boys Markets Changing Names of Some Stores". Los Angeles Times, April 22, 1989.
- ^ "". Groceteria.com. Retrieved January 28, 2012.
- ^ "Marsh Supermarkets Division to Purchase Two Mr. D's Fresh Food Markets". Progressive Grocer, January 22, 2003.
- ^ "Marsh Supermarkets Inc. O'Malia Food Division to Purchase Two Mr. D's Fresh Food Markets". Globe Newswire, January 21, 2003.
- ^ "Mr. D's Shuffling Loyalty Program To Hike Card-Based Play". Supermarket News, July 28, 1997.
- ^ "Marsh to Acquire Mr. D's in Bloomington". Inside Indiana Business, June 11, 2003.
- ^ "Vons plans to buy Pantry Stores from Cullum Cos". Los Angeles Times, May 30, 1986.
- ^ "Big Tom Thumb". Supermarket News, September 29, 1998.
- ^ "Defabis leaves Preston-Safeway. (Michael DeFabis)". Supermarket News, August 4, 1986.
- ^ "Preston Safeway holds 17% of market using perishables. (Indianapolis stores)". Supermarket News, February 23, 1987.
- ^ "Chairman Out at Safeway: Missouri Exec to Replace Grocery Chain Founder". Indianapolis Business Journal, November 04, 1991, Volume 12, Issue 30, Page 1. Link via ProQuest.
- ^ "433 F.2d 99, Safeway Stores, Incorporated Vs. Safeway Quality Foods, Inc". United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit, June 9, 1970.
- ^ "Hannaford to Dump Sampson's Name, Stores to Survive". Lewiston Daily, July 22, 1983, page 15.
- ^ "Hannaford's Winding Road to Retailing". Supermarket News, July 28, 2008.
- ^ "G. E. Lowman and Twin Food Stores". Twin Food Stores—Baltimore (Md.) area supermarkets of yesteryear. AtlasCommunications. 2010. Retrieved January 28, 2010.
- ^ "Beloved Grocery Chain Has New Orleans Reminiscing". New York Times, December 25, 1996.
- ^ "Schwegmann is acquired by Kohlberg; CEO retires. (Schwegmann Giant Super Markets; John F. Schwegmann)". Supermarket News, February 24, 1997.
- ^ "384 U.S. 270, United States vs. Vons Grocery Company". US Court decision, May 31, 1966.
- ^ "National Tea Buys Chain of Stores in Indianapolis". Chicago Daily Tribune, August 13, 1947, page 39. Link via ProQuest.
- ^ "Market memories". Knight Ridder Tribune Business News, July 28, 2005, page 1. Link via ProQuest.
- ^ "Sure-Save Food to Open Third Big Store Tomorrow". Chicago Daily Tribune, March 21, 1951, page B7. Link via ProQuest.
- ^ "National Tea Acquires 11 Unit Sure Save Chain". Chicago Daily Tribune, December 12, 1961, page C5. Link via ProQuest.
- ^ "National Tea Dealing For Sure Save: Acquisition of 11 Stores Near". Chicago Daily Tribune, November 22, 1961, B5. Link via ProQuest.
- ^ "11th Sure Save Store Opening in Evanston". Chicago Daily Tribune, November 08, 1959, page A12. Link via ProQuest.
- ^ "National Tea Plans Changes In Store Chain". Chicago Tribune, December 10, 1964, page i6. Link via ProQuest.
- ^ "Cut!". Los Angeles Times, June 04, 1988.
- ^ "Tianguis Stores' Fate Undecided, Vons Says : Retail: It denies report that remaining three Latino-aimed outlets will become conventional supermarkets". Los Angeles Times, March 15, 1994.
- ^ "Wiener Completes a Purchase". Wall Street Journal, October 8, 1986, page 43. Link via ProQuest.
- ^ "Wiener Enterprises To Reorganize Under Chapter 11 Protection". PR Newswire, December 27, 1991.
- ^ a b "O.C.'s Builder's Emporium Will Close Its Stores". Los Angeles Times, August 25, 1993.
- ^ "Builders Emporium To Shutter All Its Stores". Associated Press, August 25, 1993.
- ^ "HomeBase, Builders Square May Combine". Los Angeles Times, February 04, 1997.
- ^ "Interco Inc., St. Louis, is selling its Central Hardware". Chicago Tribune, May 09, 1989.
- ^ "Retailers tool up at old Central Hardware stores". St. Louis Business Journal, December 22, 1996.
- ^ "Central Hardware Closing & New Beginning". Berger's Beat, December 18, 2011.
- ^ "All 14 Chase-Pitkin Home and Garden Centers will be shuttered between March 2006 and sometime later in the year" Chain Store Age, November 1, 2005.
- ^ "Chase-Pitkin to Close its Doors". Your News Now, October 4, 2005.
- ^ "Furrow Owner Seeks Bankruptcy Protection". Cincinnati Post, July 22, 1997
- ^ "Furrow stores close here". Business First, Jul 9, 2001.
- ^ "Grossman's Files For Chapter 11" New York Times, April 08, 1997.
- ^ "New building supply bargain outlet to open in former Grossman's store. Business Review, August 11, 1997.
- ^ "Grace & Company Acquires Handy In Share Tender". New York Times, December 14, 1976, page 70. Link via ProQuest.
- ^ "Bankruptcy Is Over For Channel Centers" New York Times, March 20, 1992.
- ^ "Edison Brothers". New York Times, April 19, 1985.
- ^ "Shareholders Likely to OK Closure at Handyman". Los Angeles Times, December 16, 1986.
- ^ "Hill-Behan Lumber stores to shut down". St.Louis Business Journal, May 21, 2001.
- ^ "Hill-Behan Lumber Co. Begins Going-Out-Of-Business Sale". Do-It-Yourself Retailing, July 1, 2001.
- ^ "Grace Plans New Division". New York Times, March 9, 1983.
- ^ "Bankruptcy Is Over For Channel Centers" New York Times, March 20, 1992.
- ^ "Chapter 11 Bankruptcy Filed For Hugh M. Woods Parent Company Hopes To Find Lender, Revive Home Materials Chain". Rocky Mountain News, June 5, 2001.
- ^ "Payless May Shut More Stores Hugh M. Woods Parent Weighs 43 Closures, Warns It May Go Out Of Business Entirely". Rocky Mountain News, July 17, 2001.
- ^ "Knox stores to leave Minnesota". Minneapolis St. Paul Business Journal, July 26, 2001.
- ^ "Payless Cashways closing three Knox Lumber stores in Minnesota". Brainerd Dispatch, July 28, 2001.
- ^ "Chapter 11 Filing By Mr. Goodbuys". Philadelphia Inquirer, May 18, 1991/
- ^ "Tradersmart picks up Mr. Goodbuys' old site". Baltimore Sun, October 17, 1992.
- ^ "Bankruptcy Plan Would Oust Posner At Evans Products". Orlando Sentinel, June 21, 1986.
- ^ "'Do-it-yourself' Building Businesses The New Do-it-yourself Warehouse Operations Selling Building And Home Improvement Supplies Are Laying The Foundation For Annual Sales Of $12 To $20 Million Per Store". Orlando Sentinel, October 21, 1985.
- ^ "16 Mr. How Stores Sold". Chicago Tribune, August 21, 1986.
- ^ "Mr. How`s 5 Stores In Chicago Area To Close". Chicago Tribune, May 31, 1986.
- ^ "Handy Andy To Buy Mr. How". Chicago Tribune, June 06, 1986.
- ^ "'Do-it-yourself' Building Businesses The New Do-it-yourself Warehouse Operations Selling Building And Home Improvement Supplies Are Laying The Foundation For Annual Sales Of $12 To $20 Million Per Store". Sun Sentinel, October 21, 1985.
- ^ "Judge Orders Sale of National Lumber's Assets: Bankruptcy: The company asked for the order after failing to find financing. Remains of what once was a 20-store chain will be sold to pay creditors.". Los Angeles Times, August 29, 1990.
- ^ "National Lumber Seeks Bankruptcy Protection: Retailing: The ailing home-improvement chain has fallen to competition from warehouse stores and a slowdown in local markets". Los Angeles Times, April 04, 1990.
- ^ "Pasadena: Ole's, Parent Firm to Move". Los Angeles Times, October 17, 1985.
- ^ a b "Wickes Cos. to Sell Chains; Products Unit Reshuffled". Los Angeles Times, January 22, 1986.
- ^ "Our Own Hardware merging with Indiana cooperative". Minneapolis St. Paul Business Journal, September 24, 1997,
- ^ "Our Own's rebirth. (Our Own Hardware Co.)". Do-It-Yourself Retailing, April 1, 1997.
- ^ "Blood ties and bankruptcy turmoil". Richmond BizSense, January 3, 2011
- ^ "Va.'s Roper Lumber Closes". ProSales, December 11, 2009.
- ^ "Wickes to Acquire Grace's Home Improvement Units". Los Angeles Times, May 06, 1986.
- ^ "Wickes Reaches Accord: Wickes Cos. said it has signed". Los Angeles Times, April 11, 1989.
- ^ "Wickes Lumber Sold". Chicago Tribune, April 22, 1988.
- ^ "Wickes Lumber Trimming 16 Locations". Chicago Tribune, December 30, 1995.
- ^ "Wickes Lumber Co., a Vernon Hills-based building materials...". Chicago Tribune, July 25, 1996.
- ^ "When Builders Emporium unveils its new ad campaign, it probably will avoid a spokesman format since its former CEO is a very tough act to follow.: The Message Without Mr. Sigoloff". Los Angeles Times, December 14, 1988.
- ^ "Trans World finds Camelot in purchase of competitor". Business Review, November 2, 1998.
- ^ [http://www.bizjournals.com/albany/stories/2003/09/15/daily37.html "Trans World to buy CD World"]. Business Review, September 18, 2003.
- ^ "Trans World to buy bankrupt CD World". Daily Deal, September 19, 2003.
- ^ "Streetside, CD World Will Merge: Record Company's Local Stores Will Operate The Same Way They Have In The Past". St Louis Post-Dispatch, July 9, 2002.
- ^ "Trans World at 25". Billboard, Jul 5, 1997, pages 68, 70, and 74-76.
- ^ "Trans World Renames Mall Stores Fye". Adweek, March 1, 2001.
- ^ "Fyi: Music Stores Will Be Changing Name To 'Fye'". Daily Press, March 24, 2001
- ^ "Trans World absorbs Disc Jockey music chain". Business Review, October 31, 2000.
- ^ "Trans World Entertainment SEC 10-K Annual Report for Fiscal Year Ending February 3, 2001"
- ^ "Little interest in music retailers’ locations: Parent company's troubles silence local House of Music". Honolulu Star-Bulletin, February 15, 2002.
- ^ "Licorice Pizza Chain Will Be Sold to American Can Unit". Los Angeles Times, April 23, 1986.
- ^ "Licorice Pizza Enjoys Smooth Transition: Record Bar Takeover Seen Posing Few Problems". Billboard Oct 5, 1985, page 18.
- ^ "Suitors Looking Into Musicland Chain". Los Angeles Times, February 03, 1988.
- ^ "Musicland Stores Corporation 1992 earnings up 205 percent". PR Newswire, January 19, 1993. Link via ProQuest.
- ^ "Tower Records' Struggle Reflected Industry's Turmoil". Billboard, Dec 28, 2002, page 45.
- ^ "Shamrock Holdings Agrees to Buy 54-Store Music Plus Chain". Los Angeles Times, April 08, 1988.
- ^ "Blockbuster Buys 236 Retail Record Stores: Acquisitions: The Music Plus and Sound Warehouse chains give the video 'superstore' giant a foothold in the music business". Los Angeles Times, October 20, 1992.
- ^ "Blockbuster Agrees to Buy Music Store Chain". New York Times, October 20, 1992.
- ^ "The day the music dies: NRM workers bemoan loss of a company they loved and couldn't leave". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, January 25, 2002.
- ^ "National Record Mart Inc.". Wall Street Journal, November 16, 1993, page B4. Link via ProQuest.
- ^ "National Record Mart Begins Going Out of Business Sales On November 23 At 113 Stores". Business Wire. November 21, 2001, page 1. Link via ProQuest.
- ^ "Spinning a tale of success; The Nation’s First Music Store Chain Hits New Targets; National Record Mart". Entertainment Specialty Projects, May 1999,
- ^ "SEC 10-K for March 1999". Securities and Exchange Commission, March 27, 1999.
- ^ "Odyssey Chain In Reorganization Plea". Billboard, November 17, 1979, page 1.
- ^ "Mystery Buyer Acquires Odyssey Inventory". Billboard, September 6, 1980, page 1.
- ^ "Musicland Stores Corporation 1992 earnings up 205 percent". PR Newswire, January 19, 1993. Link via ProQuest.
- ^ "On Cue brand will become Sam Goody". Minneapolis St. Paul Business Journal, May 12, 2002.
- ^ "Tower Records' Struggle Reflected Industry's Turmoil". Billboard, Dec 28, 2002, page 45.
- ^ "Peaches Debt Filing". New York Times. June 5, 1981, page D5. Link via ProQuest.
- ^ "Music Records: Peaches Asks Chapt. XI" Variety, June 10, 1981, volume 303, issue 6, page 61. Link via ProQuest.
- ^ "Hut No More; One of Ohio's longest-running independent music chains closes for good". Cleveland Scene, March 02 2005. Link via ProQuest.
- ^ "Canton-Based Retail Chain Must Close 3 of 5 Music Stores in Northeast Ohio".Knight Ridder Tribune Business News, May 27, 2004 page 1. Link via ProQuest.
- ^ "After testing, tss retail web up tape prices". Billboard, July 5, 1980, page 8.
- ^ "Upbeat Mood at Record World Meet: Chain's Expansion dominates Agenda". Billboard, October 18, 1986, page 55.
- ^ "Personal Touch Pays For Elroy's Imber". Billboard, October 18, 1986, page 55.
- ^ "Merrill Rosenbloom; ran Rose Records". Chicago Sun-Times, February 15, 1997.
- ^ "Broken Records Price-Cutting Rocks Rose, Other Players". Crain's Chicago Business, February 07, 1994.
- ^ "Longtime Chicago-Based Retailer Merrill Rose Dies". Billboard, Mar 1, 1997, page 50.
- ^ "Shamrock Holdings Plans To Buy Sound Warehouse". The Oklahoman, January 17, 1989.
- ^ "Blockbuster Agrees to Buy Music Store Chain". New York Times, October 20, 1992.
- ^ "Record World Meet: Coming of Age". Billboard, October 11, 1986, page 8.
- ^ "Video Supplier Has New Chief". New York Times, December 31, 1993.
- ^ "Partnership Buys Control Of Strawberries Inc.". New York Times, September 01, 1994.
- ^ "Trans World closes on Strawberries deal". Business Review, October 9, 1997.
- ^ "New Strawberries Chief To Expand Music Chain". New York Times, October 25, 1989.
- ^ "Video Company Chief, Wife Found Fatally Shot In Mansion Home". Associated Press, August 22, 1989.
- ^ "RIP Streetside Records Delmar". Playback STL, December 24, 2007.
- ^ "Streetside Records to close next month". Columbia Daily Tribune, December 6, 2012.
- ^ "Streetside, CD World Will Merge: Record Company's Local Stores Will Operate The Same Way They Have In The Past". St Louis Post-Dispatch, July 9, 2002.
- ^ "Trans World at 25". Billboard, Jul 5, 1997, pages 68, 70, and 74-76.
- ^ "Upbeat Mood at Record World Meet: Chain's Expansion dominates Agenda". Billboard, October 18, 1986, page 55.
- ^ "Personal Touch Pays For Elroy's Imber". Billboard, October 18, 1986, page 55.
- ^ "Handwriting On The Wall Wee Three Record Outlet Spinning Into A Bigger Chain". Philadelphia Daily News, September 23, 1993.
- ^ "Camelot Music Agrees to Purchase The Wall; Camelot Music and WH Smith PLC Announce Signing of Letter of Intent". PR Newswire, October 31, 1997.
- ^ "Bankrupt buyers woo The Wall. (Camelot Music Inc.)". Philadelphia Business Journal, December 05, 1997.
- ^ "Wall To Wall Sound Files Petition For Bankruptcy Relief In Phila.". Philadelphia Inquirer, July 21, 1990
- ^ "Wall To Wall Stressing Software". Philadelphia Daily News, May 16, 1990.
- ^ "Handwriting On The Wall Wee Three Record Outlet Spinning Into A Bigger Chain". Philadelphia Daily News, September 23, 1993.
- ^ "Spinning a tale of success; The Nation’s First Music Store Chain Hits New Targets; National Record Mart". Entertainment Specialty Projects, May 1999,
- ^ "Waxie Maxie Chain Sold To Los Angeles Company; $11.7 Million Deal for 33 Record Stores". Washington Post, November 30, 1989.
- ^ "Video Supplier Has New Chief". New York Times, December 31, 1993.
- ^ "Partnership Buys Control Of Strawberries Inc.". New York Times, September 01, 1994.
- ^ "Trans World closes on Strawberries deal". Business Review, October 9, 1997.
- ^ "Record-store Chain Gets A New Spin When Wee Three Records Took Over Wall To Wall, A New British Invasion Was Only Just Beginning". Philadelphia Inquirer, April 27, 1992.
- ^ "Handwriting On The Wall Wee Three Record Outlet Spinning Into A Bigger Chain". Philadelphia Daily News, September 23, 1993.
- ^ "Wee Three: Owners' Accounting Skills Help Philadelphia Chain Grow". Billboard, November 6, 1982, page 33.
- ^ "Vinyl Fever closing after 31 years in business". WFTS ABC Action News, December 28, 2010.
- ^ "Tampa music institution Vinyl Fever to close in February". Tampa Bay Times, December 27, 2010.
- ^ "Yesterday Discs To Play Its Final Tune". Wichita Eagle, April 15, 2004.
- ^ "Yesterday's Discs finds success looking forward -- not back". Wichita Business Journal, September 13, 1998.
- ^ "SEC Administrative Ruling 3-4857"
- ^ "All American Burger To File Under Chapter 11". Wall Street Journal, April 20, 1981, page 38. Link via ProQuest.
- ^ "All-American Burger Franchises". Wall Street Journal, January 16, 1980, page 43. Link via ProQuest.
- ^ "All-American Burger Founder Is Accused of Fraud by the SEC". Los Angeles Times, October 8, 1981, page G3. Link via ProQuest.
- ^ "From Hometown To Nationwide, Duff's Keeps Original Flavor". Orlando Sentinel, July 14, 1990.
- ^ "Choice gets new lease on life: revamped buffets rise from defunct Duff's chain. (Choice "All You Care to Eat" Smorgasbord, Duff's Famous Smorgasbord)". Nation's Restaurant News, October 5, 1987.
- ^ "Restaurant Firm Files Bankruptcy". Oklahoman, April 27, 1985.
- ^ "Arizona Probe: Where does the money end up?". Wilmington Morning Star, March 19, 1977, page 24.
- ^ "'Hobo Jo's' A Pipeline For Mafia Cash". The Hour, March 19, 1977, page 20.
- ^ "Reports examine funds diverted From Arizona restaurant chain". Bryan Times, March 19,1977, page 10.
- ^ "Colony Kitchens Buys Hobo Joe's". Los Angeles Times, April 6, 1971, page C19. Link via ProQuest.
- ^ "Laugh-In Chain Of Restaurants Set". Washington Post, February 27, 1969, page C12. Link via ProQuest.
- ^ "Home to Roost: Excesses of the Fast Food Franchisers Are Catching Up With Some". Barron's, September 22, 1969, page 5. Link via ProQuest.
- ^ "Major magic not enough to keep restaurant open". Toledo Blade, July 8, 2010.
- ^ "R. I. P. Major Magic". Schmonews, July 20th, 2010.
- ^ Carey, Bill (September 28, 2000). "Failed Fortunes – Nashville Will Never Forget the Business Debacle That Was Minnie Pearl's Fried Chicken". Nashville Scene. Retrieved February 12, 2012.
- ^ "Home to Roost: Excesses of the Fast Food Franchisers Are Catching Up With Some". Barron's, September 22, 1969, page 5. Link via ProQuest.
- ^ "Po Folks plans reorganization: top priority: raise capital to wipe out $20M debt". Nation's Restaurant News, June 20, 1988.
- ^ "Po Folks Inc. Files For Chapter 11 Status, Posts Loss for Quarter". Wall Street Journal, December 31, 1987. Link via ProQuest.
- ^ "Tennessee Firm to Buy Folks Restaurants Inc." Cincinnati Business Courier, December 09, 1985. Link via ProQuest.
- ^ "Sir George's Smorgasbord Stock". Wall Street Journal, Apr 14, 1969. Link via ProQuest.
- ^ "Restaurant Acquires New Headquarters". Los Angeles Times, Jun 22, 1969. Link via ProQuest.
- ^ "Welcome Owner at Sir George's"., Van Nuys Valley News, June 27, 1969, page 30.
- ^ "Wendy's Plans National Market For Chicken, Biscuit Outlets". Ocala Star-Banner, October 12, 1982.
- ^ "Sisters buyer seeks to revive troubled chain. (Sisters Chicken and Biscuit chain)". Nation's Restaurant News, January 14, 1991.
- ^ "Sisters' Rescuer Regrets Decision: Chicken Chain's Ills Stifle Latest Venture". Crain's Cleveland Business, October 05, 1992. Link via ProQuest.
- ^ "Wuv's Chain Files Under Chapter 11". New York Times, December 23, 1981.
- ^ "ESM Can Keep Money Awarded In Earlier Fraud". Sun Sentinel, September 30, 1986.
- ^ "Wyatt's Cafeterias files Chapter 11 reorganization plan". Business Wire, July 28, 1995.
- ^ "Luby's agrees to acquire 22 Wyatt's Cafeterias". Nation's Restaurant News, July 1996. Link via EBSCO.
- ^ "Triangle gets OK on Wyatt's bankruptcy reorganization". Nation's Restaurant News, December 1995. Link via EBSCO.
- ^ http://www.zantigo.com/
- ^ "Price Savers To Undergo Name Change". Deseret News, Wednesday, May 8 1991.
- ^ "K Mart Buys Price Savers". New York Times, December 14, 1990.
- ^ "Meijer to open membership clubs". Supermarket News, December 2, 1991.
- ^ "Meijer to close down its SourceClubs". Supermarket News, November 29, 1993.
- ^ "Warehouse Club Files Chapter 11". Supermarket News, Februay 13, 1995.
- ^ "Clubs Hold The Service, Pass On Savings". Chicago Tribune, November 12, 1990.
- ^ "Wal-mart Acquiring Club Rival". Chicago Tribune, November 07, 1990.
- ^ "J. F. Geisse, 71, Who Founded Discount Stores". New York Times, February 27, 1992.
