List of emerging technologies

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This list of currently emerging technologies contains some of the most prominent ongoing developments, advances, and innovations in various fields of modern technology. Emerging technologies are those technical innovations which represent progressive developments within a field for competitive advantage.[1] Opinions vary on the feasibility, importance, status, and economic viability of different emerging technologies.

Contents

[edit] Agriculture

Emerging technology Status Potentially marginalized technologies Potential applications Related articles
In vitro meat Research, non-profit organization New Harvest set up to promote development[2][3] Animal husbandry, livestock, poultry, fishing Cruelty free, inexpensive and environmentally friendlier meat to consume
Vertical farming Research and experiments[4][5] Industrial agriculture Crop and meat production

[edit] Biomedical

Emerging technology Status Potentially marginalized technologies and/or industries Potential applications Related articles
Anti-aging drugs Research, experiments, animal testing[6][7] Existing treatments for age-related diseases Life extension Resveratrol, SRT1720
Body implants, prosthesis Trials, from animal (e.g., brain implants) to human clinical (e.g., insulin pump implant), to commercial production (e.g. pacemaker, joint replacement, cochlear implant) Various fields of medicine Brain implant, retinal implant Prosthetics, prosthetics in fiction
Genetic engineering Research, development, commercialization[8][9] Animal husbandry, plant breeding Creating and modifying species, bio-machines, eliminating genetic disorders (gene therapy) Genetically modified food, genetic pollution
Head transplant, isolated brain Theory, research[10][11][12] Whole-body transplant
Hibernation or suspended animation Research, development, animal trials[13] Surgical anesthesia Organ transplantation, space travel, prolonged surgery, emergency care
Nanomedicines Research, experiments, limited use[14][15]
Personalized medicine, full genome sequencing Research, experiments[16] Orphan drugs Cancer management and preventive treatment; genetic disorders
Regenerative medicine Some laboratory trials[17] Life extension
Robotic surgery Research, diffusion[18][19][20] Surgeons untrained in robotic surgery
Stem cell treatments Research, experiments, phase I human trail spinal cord injury treatment (GERON), cultured cornea transplants[21][22] Other therapies Treatment for a wide range of diseases and injuries Stem cell, stem cell treatments
Tissue engineering Research, diffusion[23][24][25][26] Organ printing
Vitrification or cryoprotectant Theory, some experiments[27] Ischemic damages Organ transplantation, cryonics

[edit] Displays

Emerging technology Status Potentially marginalized technologies Potential applications Related articles
3D displays Research, commercialization[28][29] other display technologies, CRT, LCD Television, computer interfaces, cinemas Autostereoscopic display, stereoscopic display, volumetric display, holographic display, Light Field display, Nintendo 3DS
Volumetric display 3-dimensional imagery Swept-volume display
Free-space display 3-dimensional imagery Swept-volume display
Organic light-emitting diode Diffusion[30][31] LCD and plasma displays Displays, lighting OLED TV, Comparison of display technology
Interferometric modulator display Development, commercializing[32] Other display technologies, CRT, LCD, plasma, e-paper Non-emissive displays with fast response times and potentially the most realistic colors of all display technologies Interferometric modulator display, comparison of display technology
Laser video displays first commercial Laser TV in 2008, Mitsubishi LaserVue TV LCD and plasma displays Displays with very wide colour gamut prowess Laser TV, Comparison of display technology

Next generation of display technology
Screenless display (Virtual retinal display, Bionic contact lens) Theory, experiments[33] Traditional displays Augmented reality, virtual reality Head-mounted display, Head-up display, adaptive optics
Phased-array optics Theory[34][35] Conventional display devices (e.g., television) Mass production of 3-dimensional imagery
Holography (Holographic display, Computer-generated holography) Diffusion[36][37][38] Display technologies
Multi-primary color display Diffusion RGB color model in televisions and cameras Displays with larger color gamut Quattron
Ultra High Definition Television Diffusion HDTV Displays with more pixels
Surface-conduction electron-emitter display Developed, prototypes built Traditional displays Displays with high contrast ratio, fast response time and high energy efficiency

[edit] Electronics

Emerging technology Status Potentially marginalized technologies Potential applications Related articles
Spintronics Working prototypes[39] Mechanical magnetic hard disk drives Data storage MRAM
Memristor Working prototype[40][41] Some current integrated circuits, many other electronics devices Smaller, faster, lower power consuming storage, analogue electronics, Artificial intelligence
Thermal copper pillar bump Working prototypes in discrete devices Conventional thermal systems, heat sinks, bulk thermoelectrics Electric circuit cooling; micro-fluidic actuators; small-device thermoelectric power generation Ultra high definition holographic disc, Metal–insulator transition
Flexible electronics Research, development, some prototypes[42][43] Flexible and folding electronic devices (such as smartphones), Flexible solar cells which are lightweight, can be rolled up for launch, and are easily deployable Nokia Morph, Flexible organic light-emitting diode
Electronic nose Research, commercialization[44][45] X-ray and MRI scans for detecting cancer Detecting spoiled food, chemical weapons and cancer
Electronic textile Diffusion

[edit] Energy

Emerging technology Status Potentially marginalized technologies Potential applications Related articles
Artificial photosynthesis Research, experiments[46] replicate the natural process of photosynthesis, converting sunlight, water, carbon dioxide into carbohydrates and oxygen
Concentrated solar power includes thermal Growing markets in California, Spain, Northern Africa[47] Fossil fuels, photovoltaics Producing electricity DESERTEC, BrightSource Energy, Solar Millennium
Nuclear fusion power Theory, experiments; for 60+ years[48] Fossil fuels, renewable energy, nuclear fission power Producing electricity, heat ITER, NIF, Polywell, Dense plasma focus
Airborne wind turbine Research[49][50][51] Fossil fuels Producing electricity
Home fuel cell Research, commercialisation[52][53][54] Electrical grid Off-the-grid, producing electricity Autonomous building, Bloom Energy Server
Nantenna Research[55][56][57] Fossil fuels Producing electricity
Solar roadway Research[58][59][60] Fossil fuels Producing electricity
Biofuels diffusion[61] Fossil fuels Energy storage, more so for transport Issues relating to biofuels
Hydrogen economy Diffusion of hydrogen fuel cells; theory, experiments for lower cost hydrogen production[62] Other energy storage methods: chemical batteries, fossil fuels Energy storage
Nanowire battery Experiments, prototypes[63][64] Other energy storage methods: hydrogen, chemical batteries, some uses of fossil fuels Laptops, mobile phones, long-range electric cars; storing energy for electric grid
Ultracapacitor Diffusion, continued development[65] Chemical batteries Regenerative braking; energy storage: generally faster charging, longer lasting, more flexible, greener
Wireless energy transfer Prototypes, diffusion, short range consumer products[66] Power cords, plugs, batteries Wirelessly powered equipment: laptop, cell phones, electric cars, etc. WiTricity, resonant inductive coupling
Smart grid
Generation IV reactor Research, Experiments Traditional nuclear power reactors, fossil fuels, renewable energy Producing electricity, heat, transmutation of nuclear waste stockpiles from traditional reactors

[edit] IT and communications

Emerging technology Status Potentially marginalized technologies Potential applications Related articles
Artificial brain Research[67] Neurological disease's treatments, artificial intelligence Blue Brain Project
Virtual Reality diffusion Television Entertainment, education
Artificial intelligence Theory, experiments; limited uses in specialized domains[68][69] Human decision, analysis, etc. Creating intelligent devices Progress in artificial intelligence, technological singularity, applications of artificial intelligence
4G cellular communication First commercial LTE networks deployed in Sweden December 2009; candidate systems LTE-advanced and IEEE 802.16m (Mobile WiMAX Release 2) in development broadband Pervasive computing Mobile broadband, mobile TV, Interactive TV, 3D-TV,[70] holographic cameras[70]
Machine translation Diffusion[71][72] Human translation of natural languages, in areas where misunderstanding is non-critical and language is formalized Easier and cheaper cross-cultural communication
Machine vision Research, prototyping Biotic vision and perception, including humans Biometrics, controlling processes (e.g., in driverless car, automated guided vehicle), detecting events (e.g., in visual surveillance), interaction (e.g., in human-computer interaction), robot vision Computer vision, pattern recognition, digital image processing
Speech recognition Mechanical input devices
Cybermethodology
Machine augmented cognition, exocortices Diffusion of primitive amplifications; working prototypes of more; theory, experiments on more substantial amplification Libraries, schools, training, pocket calculators
Mobile collaboration Development, commercialization[73] Traditional video-conferencing systems Extends the capabilities of video conferencing for use on hand-held mobile devices in real-time over secure networks. For use in diverse industries such as manufacturing, energy, healthcare.[74]
Semantic Web or answer machine Theory, research Search engines Making the web machine-readable by annotating data on the web based on its meaning
General-purpose computing on graphics processing units Diffusion of non standardized methods CPU for a few specialized uses Order of magnitude faster processing of parallelizable algorithms
Fourth-generation optical discs (3D optical data storage, Holographic data storage) Research, prototyping[75] All other mass storage methods/devices, magnetic tape data storage, optical data storage Storing and archiving data previously erased for economic reasons Holographic Disc stores Ultra HD big Electronic IT companies are interested in this technology it has bigger capacity than Blu Ray Disc more then 10x times more optical storage
Optical computing Theory, experiments; some components of integrated circuits have been developed[76] Many electronics devices, integrated circuits Smaller, faster, lower power consuming computing
Quantum computing Theory, experiments,[77] commercialization[78] Atomtronics,
Electronic computing, optical computing, quantum clock		 Much faster computing, for some kinds of problems, chemical modeling, new materials with programmed properties, theory of high-temperature superconductivity and superfluidity
Quantum cryptography Commercialization[79] Secure communications
Radio-frequency identification Diffusion of high cost[80][81][82] Barcode Smartstores - RFID based self checkout (keeping track of all incoming and outgoing products), food packaging, smart shelves, smart carts. See: potential uses
Three-dimensional integrated circuit Development, commercialization[83][84] Conventional integrated circuit

[edit] Manufacturing

Emerging technology Status Potentially marginalized technologies Potential applications Related articles
3D printing Commercial production[85][86] Manually making prototypes, some mass production methods that lack ability for customizing Rapidly prototyping and producing plastic objects and multi-material items, with potential to significantly customize products for individual consumers RepRap Project, Contour Crafting, D-Shape
Molecular assembler Theory, experiment 3D printing, traditional manufacturing methods and tools Replicator (Star Trek)
Claytronics Theory, experiment 3D printing, traditional manufacturing methods and tools
Utility fog Theory, experiment

[edit] Materials science

Emerging technology Status Potentially marginalized technologies Potential applications Related articles
Aerogel Theory, experiments, diffusion, early uses[87] Traditional Insulation, Glass Improved insulation, insulative glass if it can be made clear, sleeves for oil pipelines, aerospace, high-heat & extreme cold applications
Graphene Theory, experiments, diffusion, early uses[88][89] silicon-based integrated circuit Components with higher strength to weight ratios, transistors that operate at higher frequency, lower cost of display screens in mobile devices, storing hydrogen for fuel cell powered cars, sensors to diagnose diseases[90]
High-temperature superconductivity Cryogenic receiver front-end (CRFE) RF and microwave filter systems for mobile phone base stations; prototypes in dry ice; theory and experiments for higher temperatures[91] Copper wire, semiconductor integral circuits No loss conductors, frictionless bearings, magnetic levitation, lossless high-capacity accumulators, electric cars, heat-free integral circuits and processors
High-temperature superfluidity Superfluid gyroscopes already exist but work at very low temperatures Mechanical gyroscope High-precision measure of gravity, navigation and maneuver devices, possible devices to emit gravitomagnetic field, frictionless mechanical devices
Nanomaterials: carbon nanotubes Theory, experiments, diffusion, early uses[92][93] Structural steel and aluminium Stronger, lighter materials, space elevator
Metamaterials Theory, experiments, diffusion[94] Classical optics Microscopes, cameras, metamaterial cloaking, cloaking devices
Multi-function structures[95] Theory, experiments, some prototypes, few commercial Composite materials mostly Wide range, e.g., self health monitoring, self healing, morphing...
Programmable matter Theory, experiments[96][97] Coatings, catalysts Wide range, e.g., claytronics, synthetic biology
Quantum dots Research, experiments, prototypes[98] LCD, LED Quantum dot laser, future use as programmable matter in display technologies (TV, projection), optical data communications (high-speed data transmission), medicine (laser scalpel)

[edit] Military

Emerging technology Status Potentially marginalized technologies Potential applications Related articles
Directed energy weapon Research, development, some prototypes[99] Firearms Warfare
Particle beam weapon Research Firearms Warfare
Electrolaser Research Taser
Electromagnetic weapons In development[100][101] Firearms Warfare Coilgun, Railgun

[edit] Neuroscience

Emerging technology Status Potentially marginalized technologies Potential applications Related articles
Ampakine Enhance attention span and alertness, and facilitate learning and memory
Electroencephalography Research, diffusion[102][103] Keyboards and other interfaces Controlling electronic devices via brain waves
Brain-reading, Neuroinformatics Research[104][105][106] Mind uploading
Neuroprosthetics Visual prosthesis, brain implant, exocortex, retinal implant

[edit] Robotics

Emerging technology Status Potentially marginalized technologies Potential applications Related articles
Self-reconfiguring modular robot Theory, experiments, early prototypes Other ways to form physical structures and machines As a universal physical machine, SRCMR may change the way we make many physical structures and machines Robot, swarm robotics, autonomous research robot
Swarm robotics Theory, experiments[107] Distributed computing, complexity in behavior by simplicity in architecture Autonomous construction, space construction Swarm intelligence, autonomous robotics, nanorobotics, particle swarm optimization, multi-agent systems, behavior-based robotics
Molecular nanotechnology, nanorobotics Theory, experiments[108] Products and parts production, retail distribution Machines (desktop, industrial) that can make anything given the materials, cheap planetary terraforming
Powered exoskeleton Research, development, prototypes, diffusion, commercializing[109] Electric wheelchairs, forklifts Heavy lifting, paralysis, muscle related diseases, warfare, construction

[edit] Transport

Emerging technology Status Potentially marginalized technologies Potential applications Related articles
Alternative fuel vehicle Commercialization, diffusion Internal combustion engine Reducing air pollution, decreasing oil consumption Electric vehicle, Hydrogen vehicle
Driverless car Research, development, prototypes[110][111][112] Driver's licenses, rules of the road, traffic lights, traffic sign, highway patrols, vehicle insurances Reducing traffic collision, increasing road capacity, reducing air pollution, reducing traffic congestion Google driverless car, General Motors EN-V, CityCar, MIT Car
Vehicular communication systems Research, development Avoiding traffic collision, increasing road capacity
Tweel Research, development, early prototypes[113][114] Conventional tire Safer tires Airless tire
Flying car Early commercialization, prototypes[115][116] Automobile, road More effective transportation Terrafugia Transition, Moller M400 Skycar, Urban Aeronautics X-Hawk
Jet pack or backpack helicopter Early commercialization, prototypes[117][118] Automobile More effective transportation
Personal rapid transit Early commercialization, diffusion[119][120] Automobile More effective transportation Morgantown PRT, ULTra
Maglev train, Vactrain Research, early commercialization[121][122][123] Conventional trains Trains with higher speed Shanghai Maglev Train, Linimo
Hovertrain, Ground effect train Research, development[124][125] Conventional trains Trains with higher speed Aérotrain, Duke Hospital PRT
Space elevator Research, development[126] Non-rocket spacelaunch
Solar sail In 2010, IKAROS was the world's first spacecraft designed to use solar sailing propulsion to be successfully launched Space travel
Supersonic transport Commercialization existed, diffusion Conventional airliners Airliner with higher speed Concorde, Tupolev Tu-144
Spaceplane Research, development[127][128][129] Conventional airliners Hypersonic transport A2, Skylon
Scramjet Research, development[130][131][132] Conventional jet engine Hypersonic aircraft NASA X-43
Flexible wings (X-53 Active Aeroelastic Wing, Adaptive Compliant Wing), fluidic flight controls Experiments, prototypes[133][134][135][136][137] Other flight control systems: ailerons, elevators, elevons,

flaps, flaperons

 Controlling aircraft, ships Aircraft flight control system, BAE Systems Demon, fluidics
Reusable launch system Research, development Expendable launch system Surface-to-orbit transport SpaceX Grasshopper
Propellant depot Research, development Heavy lift rockets enabling deep-space missions with more massive payloads, satellite life extension, ultimately lowering the cost per kg launched to space

[edit] Other

Emerging technology Status Potentially marginalized technologies Potential applications Related articles
Immersive virtual reality Theory, limited commercialization Consensus reality An artificial environment where the user feels just as immersed as they usually feel in consensus reality. Virtusphere, 3rd Space Vest, haptic suit, immersive technology, simulated reality, holodeck (fictional)
Miniaturized satellite Research, development, some prototypes Conventional satellites Inexpensive satellites, constellations for low data rate communications, using formations to gather data from multiple points, in-orbit inspection of larger satellites.
Magnetic levitation Research, development, Commercialization (Maglev Train) Wheels, tires, conventional transportation systems High temperature superconductivity, cryogenics, low temperature refrigerators, superconducting magnet design and construction, fiber reinforced plastics for vehicles and structural concretes, communication and high power solid-state controls, vehicle design (aerodynamics and noise mitigation), precision manufacturing, construction and fabrication of concrete structures,[138] maglev car, maglev based spacecraft launch Levicar
Force field Theory, experiments[139] Armor Military and law enforcement, space travel Plasma window
Magnetic refrigeration Already used for achieving cryogenic temperatures in the laboratory setting (below 10K) Conventional refrigerators Refrigeration without the need for compression and with more energy efficient which may be in refrigerators, air conditioners and spacecrafts
Metamaterial cloaking, Cloak of invisibility Successful experiments cloaking small objects under some conditions[140] Camouflage
Domed city NASA develops a geodesic dome for a moon base Weather-controlled city, colonization of the moon
Digital scent technology Diffusion Smell-O-Vision, iSmell
Anti-gravity Theory and experiments[141][142]
Synthetic biology, synthetic genomics Research, development, first synthetic bacteria created May 2010[143][144] Chemical industry, petroleum industry, process manufacturing Creating infinitely scalable production processes based on programmable species of bacteria and other life forms BioBrick, iGEM, synthetic genomics
Inflatable space habitat Developed, prototypes built and tested Traditional "aluminium can" space habitat modules Space habitats Bigelow Aerospace

[edit] See also

Portal icon Technology and applied sciences portal
General
List of inventors, List of inventions, Industrial Ecology, Sustainable development
Nano-
Molecular manufacturing, Neurotechnology
Bioscience
Human Connectome Project
Ethics
Casuistry, Computer ethics, Engineering ethics, Nanoethics, Bioethics, Neuroethics, Roboethics
Other
Anthropogenics, Machine guidance, Radio frequency identification, National Science Foundation, Virtual reality
Timeline
Timeline of the future in forecasts
Transport
List of proposed future transport

[edit] Notes

  • IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, & Fuertes, J. M. (1999). 1999 7th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation proceedings, ETFA'99, October 18–21, 1999, UPC, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. Piscataway, N.J.: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.
  • Jones-Garmil, K. (1997). The wired museum: Emerging technology and changing paradigms. Washington, DC: American Association of Museums.
  • Giersch, H. (1982). Emerging technologies: Consequences for economic growth, structural change, and employment : symposium 1981. Tübingen: Mohr.

[edit] References

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