List of endangered languages of the Pacific
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An endangered language is a language that it is at risk of falling out of use, generally because it has few surviving speakers. If it loses all of its native speakers, it becomes an extinct language.
Oceania (sometimes Oceanica[1]) is a geographical, often geopolitical, region consisting of numerous lands—mostly islands in the Pacific Ocean and vicinity. The term is often used in many languages to define one of the continents[2][3][4] and is one of eight terrestrial ecozones.
The languages spoken in Oceania, as defined geographically, form a larger set than the Oceanic languages, a linguistic subgroup of the Austronesian family also spoken in the Pacific. Among the languages cited below, only the ones spoken in Micronesia, Vanuatu and New Caledonia, as well as some languages of Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Is, are Oceanic languages.
Contents |
[edit] Australia
Main article: List of Australian Aboriginal languages
[edit] Federated States of Micronesia
Main article: Micronesian languages
| Language | Speakers | Status | Ethnologue entry (ISO 639-3) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kapingamarangi language[5] | kpg | ||
| Kosraean language[5] | 6,900 | severely | kos |
| Mokilese language[5] | mkj | ||
| Mortlockese[5] | mrl | ||
| Kosraean language[5] | 6,000 | severely | nau |
| Namonuito language[5] | 940 | nmt | |
| Ngatik Men's Creole[5] | ngm | ||
| Nguluwan language[5] | 50 | nuw | |
| Nukuoro language[5] | nkr | ||
| Pááfang language[5] | pfa | ||
| Pingelapese language[5] | pif | ||
| Puluwatese[5] | puw | ||
| Satawal language[5] | stw | ||
| Ulithian language[5] | uli | ||
| Woleaian language[5] | woe |
[edit] Indonesia
Main article: Languages of Indonesia
The UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger lists 146 endangered languages in Indonesia.
| Language | Speakers | Source | Status | Ethnologue entry (ISO 639-3) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bonerif language | Red Book | bnv | ||
| Itik language | Red Book | itx | ||
| Karas language | Red Book | kgv | ||
| Keder language | Red Book | kdy | ||
| Mander language | Red Book | mqr | ||
| Maremgi language | Red Book | mrx | ||
| Oirata language | Red Book | oia | ||
| Sause language | Red Book | sao |
[edit] Melanesia
[edit] New Caledonia
Main article: Languages of New Caledonia
The following languages of New Caledonia may be considered endangered.[citation needed]
| Language | Speakers | Status | Ethnologue entry (ISO 639-3) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Arhâ language[6] | 35 (1996 census) | Critically | aqr |
| Arho language[5] | 10 | Critically | aok |
| Caac language[5] | 890 | Vulnerable | msq |
| Drubea language[5] | 946 | Vulnerable | duf |
| Fagauvea language (Northern & Southern)[5] | 1107 | Vulnerable | uve |
| Fwâi language[5] | 1131 | Vulnerable | fwa |
| Haeke language[6] | 100 (1982 SIL) | aek | |
| Jawe language[5] | 729 | Vulnerable | jaz |
| Kumak language[5] | 847 | Vulnerable | |
| Neku language[5] | 21 | Severely | nek |
| Nemi language[5] | 325 | Definitely | nem |
| Orowe language[5] | 587 | Definitely | bpk |
| Pije language[5] | 161 | piz | |
| Pwapwa language[5] | 80 | Severely | pop |
| Pwaamèi language[5] | 219 | Definitely | pme |
| Tiri language[5] | 221 | Definitely | cir, meg[7] |
| Voh-Koné dialects[5] | 878 | Definitely | |
| Xaragure language[5] | 566 | Vulnerable | axx |
| Zire language[6] | 4 (1996 census) | sih |
[edit] Papua New Guinea
Main article: Languages of Papua New Guinea
[edit] Solomon Islands
| Language | Speakers | Source | Status | Ethnologue entry (ISO 639-3) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Asumboa language | 10 (1999 SIL) | Ethnologue | aua | |
| Blablanga language | Red Book | blp | ||
| Gao language | Red Book | gga | ||
| Kokota language | Red Book | kkk | ||
| Laghu language | 15 (1999 SIL) | Ethnologue | lgb | |
| Oroha language | 38 (1999 SIL) | Ethnologue | ora | |
| Rennellese Sign Language | 1 (1986 Gallaudet University) | Ethnologue | rsi | |
| Ririo language | Red Book | rri | ||
| Tanema language | 3 (1999 SIL) 4 (2007 A.François) |
Ethnologue | tnx | |
| Tanimbili language | 15 (1999 SIL) | Ethnologue | tbe | |
| Lovono language | 5 (2007 A.François) | Ethnologue | vnk | |
| Zazao language | 10 (1999 SIL) | Ethnologue | jaj |
[edit] Vanuatu
Main article: Languages of Vanuatu
| Language | Speakers | Source | Status | Ethnologue entry (ISO 639-3) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Araki language | 8. | Ethnologue | akr | |
| Bieria language | 25. | Ethnologue | brj | |
| Dixon Reef language | 50. | Ethnologue | dix | |
| Hiw language | 280 (2010 A.François) | Red Book | hiw | |
| Löyöp language ("Lehalurup") | 240 (2010 A.François) | Red Book | urr | |
| Litzlitz language | 15 | Ethnologue | lzl | |
| Mafea language | Red Book | mkv | ||
| Malmariv language,Tiale language | Red Book | mnl | ||
| Maragus language | 10 (1971 Tryon) | Ethnologue | mrs | |
| Nasarian language | 20 (1983 SIL) | Ethnologue | nvh | |
| Navwien language | Red Book | *** | ||
| Port Sandwich language | Red Book | psw | ||
| Sowa language | 20 | Ethnologue | sww | |
| Tambotalo language | 50 (1983 SIL) | Ethnologue | tls | |
| Ura language | 6 (1998 T Crowley) | Ethnologue Red Book |
uur |
[edit] Palau
| Language | Speakers | Source | Status | Ethnologue entry (ISO 639-3) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tobian language | 22 (1995 SIL) | UNESCO | critically | tox |
| Sonsorolese language | 600 | UNESCO | severely | sov |
[edit] Polynesia
![[icon]](/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg){kind=small} |
This section requires expansion. |
The following Polynesian languages are considered endangered.[citation needed]
[edit] Notes
- ^ "Oceanica" in WordWeb Online dictionary and thesaurus. http://www.wordwebonline.com/en/OCEANICA
- ^ The Atlas of Canada - The World - Continents
- ^ List of IOC members (122) by continent. International Olympic Committee: 112th session, Moscow 2001
- ^ "Encarta Mexico "Oceanía"". Archived from the original on 2009-11-01. http://www.webcitation.org/5kx8MK156.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd Moseley, Christopher (ed.). 2010. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, 3rd edn. Paris, UNESCO Publishing. Online version: http://www.unesco.org/culture/languages-atlas/index.php
- ^ a b c Ethnologue Report of Nearly Extinct Languages
- ^ "Mea" is sometimes considered a dialect of Tiri; see Ethnologue's corresponding Mea language page.
