List of endangered languages in South America

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An endangered language is a language that it is at risk of falling out of use, generally because it has few surviving speakers. If it loses all of its native speakers, it becomes an extinct language.

South America is a continent of the Americas, situated entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere. It is bordered on the west by the Pacific Ocean and on the north and east by the Atlantic Ocean; North America and the Caribbean Sea lie to the northwest.

Contents

[edit] Argentina

Argentina
Language Comments No. Speakers Source ISO 639-3 Ethnologue entry
Chane language Red Book caj Chane language
Chiriguano language Red Book
Chorote language see also Matacoan languages Red Book Chorote language
Guarani Correntino language Red Book
Gununa Yajich language Red Book
Mapuche language Red Book
Mbya language Red Book
Mocovi language Red Book moc Mocovi language
Nivacle language Red Book cag Nivacle language
Ona language 1 to 3 (1991 Adelaar) Ethnologue ona Ona
Pilaga language Red Book plg Pilaga language
Puelche language 5 or 6 Ethnologue pue Puelche
Quichua Santiagueno language Red Book
Tapiete language Red Book tpj Tapiete language
Tehuelche language 4 (2000 W Adelaar) 200 (2000 W Adelaar) Ethnologue teh Tehuelche
Toba Sur language Red Book tob Toba language
Vilela language 20 (1981 Buckwalter) Ethnologue vil Vilela
Wichi language Red Book
Yaghan language Red Book Yaghan language

[edit] Bolivia

Bolivia
Language Comments Speakers Source ISO 639-3 Ethnologue entry
Apolista language (Lapachu) Apolista Red Book
Araona language Red Book aro Araona language
Ayoreo language Red Book ayo Ayoreo language
Baure language 13 (2000 Adelaar) 631 (2000) Ethnologue brg Baure
Bororo language Red Book bor Bororo language
Callahuaya language Red Book
Canichana language Red Book caz Canichana language
Cavinena language Red Book cav Cavinena language
Cayuvava language Red Book
Chacobo language Red Book cao Chacobo language
Chane language Red Book caj Chane language
Chimane language Red Book
Chipaya language Red Book cap Chipaya language
Chiquitano language Red Book cax Chiquitano language
Chorote language Red Book
Chulupi-Ashlushlay language Red Book
Esse Ejja language Red Book
Guarani Chiriguano language Red Book
Guarayo language Red Book
Ignaciano language see also Moxos language Red Book ign Ignaciano language
Itonama language 10 (2000 Crevels) 5,090 (2000 W Adelaar) Ethnologue ito Itonama
Jora language Red Book jor Jora language
Leco language 20 (2001 Simon van de Kerke) 80 (2000 W Adelaar) Ethnologue lec Leco
Machineri language Red Book
Mataco language Red Book
More language Red Book
Moseten language Red Book
Movima language Red Book mzp Movima language
Pacahuara language 17 (2000 W Adelaar) 18 (2000 Adelaar) Ethnologue pcp Pacahuara
Paunaca language Red Book
Pauserna-Guarasugwe language Red Book
Reyesano language Possibly a few speakers (2000 W Adelaar) 4,118 (2000 W Adelaar) Ethnologue rey Reyesano
Saraveca language 0 Red Book sar Saraveca
Siriono language Red Book srq Siriono language
Tacana language Red Book tna Tacana language
Tapiete language Red Book tpj Tapiete language
Toba language Red Book tob Toba language
Toromona language Red Book
Trinitario language Red Book trn Trinitario language
Uru language 2 (2000 W Adelaar) 142 (2000 W Adelaar) Ethnologue ure Uru
Yaminahua language Red Book yaa Yaminahua language
Yuki language Red Book yuk Yuki language
Yuracare language Red Book yuz Yuracare language

[edit] Brazil

Brazil
Language Comments Speakers Source ISO 639-3 Ethnologue entry
Amanaye language 60 (2000 C Jensen) Ethnologue AmanayAc language
Anambe language 7 (1991 SIL) 77 (1993 SIL) Ethnologue AnambAc language
Apiaca language 2 (1986 Rodrigues) 90 (2000 C Jensen) Ethnologue ApiacA! language
Arikapu language 6 (1998 SIL) Ethnologue ArikapAo language
Arua language 12 (1990) 40 (2000 C Jensen). Ethnologue AruA! language
Arutani language 17 in Brazil (1986 SIL)Population total all countries: 19. Ethnologue atx Arutani language
Aura language 2 (2004 SIL). Ethnologue AurA! language
Cafundo Creole language 40 (1978 M Gnerre, U Estadual de Campinas). Ethnologue ccd Cafundo Creole language
Guato language 40 (1993 SIL) 382 (1993 SIL). Ethnologue GuatA3 language
Himarima language 40. Ethnologue HimarimA￡ language
Jabuti language 5 (1990). Ethnologue JabutA- language
Juma language 4 (1998)There were 300 in 1940. Ethnologue JAoma language
Karahawyana language 40 (1995 SIL). Ethnologue xkh Karahawyana language
Karipuna language 12 to 15 (2000 SIL). Ethnologue KaripunA! language
Katawixi language 10 (1986 SIL). Ethnologue xat Katawixi language
Katukina language 1 (1976 SIL) 360. Ethnologue KatukA-na language
Kreye language 30 (1995 SIL). Ethnologue xre Kreye language
Mapidian language 50 in Brazil (1986 Howard). Ethnologue mpw Mapidian language
Matipuhy language 40 (1995 AMTB). Ethnologue mzo Matipuhy language
Monde language 30 (1995 AMTB). Ethnologue MondAc language
Ofaye language 15 (2002) 37 (1995 AMTB). Ethnologue OfayAc language
Omagua language There may be none left in Brazil (1995). Ethnologue omg Omagua language
Oro Win language 5 (1996 SIL) 55 (1998). Ethnologue orw Oro Win language
Piraha language 150 speakers in 2004. Ethnic population: 200.    
Purubora language 2 (2002 SIL). Ethnologue PuruborA! language
Sikiana language 33 in Brazil (1986 SIL)Population total all countries: 48. Ethnologue sik Sikiana language
Tariano language 100 in Brazil (1996 A Aikhenvald) 1,500 in Brazil (1985 Rodrigues). Ethnologue Tariano language
Tora language 40 (1990) 120 (1990 YWAM). Ethnologue TorA! language
Tremembe language Ethnologue TremembAc language
Xeta language 3 (1990 SIL) 100 to 250 (1986 SIL). Ethnologue XetA! language
Xipaya language 2 (2000 SIL). Ethnologue xiy Xipaya language

[edit] Chile

Chile
Language Comments No. Speakers Source ISO 639-3 Ethnologue entry
Atacameno language Red Book
Aymara language Red Book aym
ayr
ayc		 Aymara (generic)

Central Aymara
Southern Aymara
Huilliche language Red Book huh Huilliche language
Kawesqar language Alacaluf Red Book alc Kawesqar language
Kunza language Red Book kuz Kunza language
Mapuche language Red Book
Ona language Red Book ona Ona language
Qawasqar language 20 (1996 Oscar Aguilera)Population includes 10 in Puerto Edin. Ethnologue alc Qawasqar language
Yaghan language 1 (2003) 100 (2000 W Adelaar). Ethnologue yag YA!mana language

[edit] Colombia

Colombia
Language Comments Speakers Source ISO 639-3 Ethnologue entry
Cabiyari language 50 (1976 Bourgue). Ethnologue cbb Cabiyara
Tariano language 332 in Colombia (1998 Arango and SA!nchez). Ethnologue tae Tariano
Tinigua language 2 (2000) 2 Ethnologue tit Tinigua
Totoro language 4 (1998 Arango and SA!nchez) 3,650 (1998 Arango and SA!nchez) Ethnologue ttk Totoro
Angosturas Tunebo language 50. Ethnologue tnd Tunebo

[edit] Ecuador

Ecuador
Language Comments Speakers Source ISO 639-3 Ethnologue entry
Achuar-Shiwiar language Red Book acu Achuar-Shiwiar language
Awapit language Red Book
Chachi language Red Book cbi Chachi language
Cofan language Red Book con Cofan language
Epera language Red Book
Huaorani language Red Book
Secoya language Red Book sey Secoya language
Shuar language Red Book jiv Shuar language
Siona language Red Book snn Siona language
Tetete language Red Book teb Tetete language
Tsafiqui language Red Book
Zaparo language 1 (2000 SIL) 170 (2000 M R Wise SIL). Ethnologue Zaparo language

[edit] French Guyana

French Guyana
Language Comments No. Speakers Source ISO 639-3 Ethnologue entry
Arawak language Red Book arw Arawak language
Emerillon language 400 Red Book eme Emerillon language
Galibi language Red Book
Palikur language Red Book plu Palikur language
Wayana language Red Book way Wayana language
Wayapi language Red Book

[edit] Guyana

Guyana
Language Comments No. Speakers Source ISO 639-3 Ethnologue entry
Akawaio language Red Book ake Akawaio language
Arekuna language Red Book
Berbice Creole Dutch language 4 or 5 (1993 S Kouwenberg)15 with limited competence (1989 J Holm). Ethnologue brc Berbice Creole Dutch language
Karina language Red Book
Lokono language Red Book
Makushi language Red Book
Mapidian language Ethnologue mpw Mapidian language
Mawayana language 50 (1986 Howard). Ethnologue mzx Mawayana language
Patamona language Red Book pbc Patamona language
Wapishana language Red Book wap Wapishana language
Warao language Red Book wba Warao language

[edit] Paraguay

Paraguay
Language Comments No. Speakers Source ISO 639-3 Ethnologue entry
Ache language Red Book yif Ache language
Angaite language Red Book
Ava-Guarani language Red Book
Ayoreo language Red Book ayo Ayoreo language
Enlhet language Red Book
Guana language Red Book
Guarani-Nandeva language Red Book
Guarayo language Red Book
Ishir language Red Book
Maka language Red Book
Manjui language Red Book
Mbya language Red Book
Nivacle language Red Book cag Nivacle language
Pai-Tavytera language Red Book
Sanapana language Red Book sap Sanapana language
Toba-Maskoy language Red Book tmf Toba-Maskoy language
Toba-Qom language Red Book

[edit] Peru

Peru
Language Comments No. Speakers Source ISO 639-3 Ethnologue entry
Achuar-Shiwiar language Red Book acu Achuar-Shiwiar language
Aguaruna language Red Book agr Aguaruna language
Amahuaca language Red Book amc Amahuaca language
Andoa-Shimigae language Red Book
Arabela language Red Book arl Arabela language
Bora language Red Book boa Bora language
Cahuarano language 5 (1976 SIL). Ethnologue cah Cahuarano language
Campa Ashaninca language Red Book
Campa Asheninca language Red Book
Campa Caquinte language Red Book
Campa Nomatsiguenga language Red Book
Candoshi-Shapra language Red Book cbu Candoshi-Shapra language
Capanahua language Red Book kaq Capanahua language
Cashibo-Cacataibo language Red Book cbr Cashibo-Cacataibo language
Cashinahua language Red Book cbs Cashinahua language
Chamicuro language 2 (2000 Adelaar) 10 to 20 (2000 Adelaar). Ethnologue ccc Chamicuro language
Chayahuita language Red Book cbt Chayahuita language
Cholon language Red Book cht Cholon language
Cocama-Cocamilla language Red Book cod Cocama-Cocamilla language
Culina language Madija 1300[1] Red Book cul Culina
Culle language Red Book
Ese Eja language Red Book
Harakmbut language Red Book
Huambisa language Red Book hub Huambisa language
Huitoto language Red Book
Inapari language 4 (1999 SIL). Ethnologue IA±apari language
Iquito language 35 (2002 SIL)1 monolingual 500. Ethnologue iqu Iquito language
Isconahua language 82 (2000 WCD). Ethnologue isc Isconahua language
Jaqaru language Red Book jqr Jaqaru language
Jebero language 2,000 to 3,000 (2000 W Adelaar). Ethnologue jeb Jebero language
Machiguenga language Red Book mcb Machiguenga language
Mashco Piro language 20 to 100 (1976 SIL)All are completely monolingual. Ethnologue cuj Mashco Piro language
Matses-Mayoruna language Red Book
Munichi language 3 (1988 SIL). Ethnologue myr Muniche language
Ocaina language Red Book oca Ocaina language
Omagua language 10 to 100 in Peru (1976 SIL)Population total all countries: 10 to 100 627 (1976). Ethnologue omg Omagua language
Orejon language Red Book ore Orejon language
Piro language 20 to 100 in 1976 Red Book pie Piro language
Resigaro language 14 (1976 SIL). Ethnologue ResA-garo language
Secoya language Red Book sey Secoya language
Sharanahua language Red Book mcd Sharanahua language
Shipibo-Conibo language Red Book shp Shipibo-Conibo language
Taushiro language 1 (2002 SIL) 20. Ethnologue trr Taushiro language
Ticuna language Red Book tca Ticuna language
Urarina language Red Book ura Urarina language
Wariapano language Red Book
Yagua language Red Book yad Yagua language
Yaminahua language Red Book yaa Yaminahua language
Yanesha language Red Book
Yora language Red Book mts Yora language

[edit] Suriname

Suriname
Language Comments No. Speakers Source ISO 639-3 Ethnologue entry
Akurio language 10 (2000 E.B. Carlin) Ethnologue ako Akurio language
Carib language Red Book
Lokono language Red Book
Mawayana language Red Book mzx Mawayana language
Sikiana language 15 in Suriname (2001 Carlin) 50 Ethnologue sik Sikiana language
Trio language Red Book tri Trio language
Tunayana language Red Book
Wayana language Red Book way Wayana language

[edit] Venezuela

Venezuela
Language Comments No. Speakers Source ISO 639-3 Ethnologue entry
Akawaio language Red Book ake Akawaio language
Anun language Red Book
Arutani language 2 in Venezuela (2002 SIL) Eth: 39 (2002 SIL) Ethnologue atx Arutani
Baniva language Red Book bvv Baniva language
Bare language Red Book bae Bare language
Bari language Red Book mot Bari language
Cuiba language Red Book cui Cuiba language
Guahibo language Red Book guh Guahibo language
Guajiro language Red Book
Hoti language Red Book hti Hoti language
Karina language Red Book
Kurripako language Red Book
Lokono language Red Book
Mako language Red Book
Makushi language Red Book
Mandahuaca language Red Book mht Mandahuaca language
Mapoyo language 3 (2000 Muller) 120 Ethnologue mcg Mapoyo
Nengatu language Red Book
Panare language Red Book
Patamona language Red Book pbc Patamona language
Pemono language 1 (2000 M-C Mattei Muller) Ethnologue pev Pamono
Pepojivi language Red Book
Piapoko language Red Book
Piaroa language Red Book pid Piaroa language
Puinave language Red Book pui Puinave language
Sape language 5 (1977 E Migliazza) 25 or fewer (1977 Migliazza). Ethnologue spc sapao
Saliva language Red Book
Sanema language Red Book
Sikiana language Ethnologue sik Sikiana
Tunebo language Red Book
Uruak language Red Book
Warao language Red Book wba Warao language
Warekena language Red Book
Yabarana language 20 to 50 (1977 Migliazza) Ethnologue yar Yabarana
Yanam language Red Book
Yanomam language Red Book
Yanomami language Red Book wca Yanomami language
Yaruro language Red Book
Yavitero language Red Book yvt Yavitero language
Yekuana language Red Book
Yukpa language Red Book yup Yukpa language

[edit] References

  1. ^ Boyer, Cindy and Jim Boyer (2001). Culina (Madija) Bani Tahimari cuentos de animales. Mexico AFD:Instituto Linguistico de Verano.
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