List of equipment of the Russian Ground Forces

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This is a list of equipment of the Russian Ground Forces currently in service.

Contents

[edit] Infantry weapons

[edit] Small arms

Name Type Cartridge Origin Notes
Makarov PMM Semi-automatic pistol 9x18 PMM  Soviet Union 8 round magazine, main service sidearm 1951-1991. Still in Service.
Serdyukov SPS Semi-automatic pistol 9x21 SP-10/11  Soviet Union 18 round magazine, high armor piercing capability. Originally known as the Gyurza, and also known as the SR-1 Vektor in FSB service.
MP-443 Grach Semi-automatic pistol 9x19 7N21  Russia 17 round magazine, special high power cartridge, designed to replace most PMMs as main service sidearm. Known as the Yarygin PYa in military service. Limited service with special forces.
PB Silenced Semi-automatic pistol 9x18 PM  Soviet Union 8 round magazine
PSS Silenced semi-automatic pistol 7.62x41 SP-4  Soviet Union 6 round magazine, fires a "special purpose noiseless cartridge"
Stechkin APS Machine pistol 9x18 PM  Soviet Union 20 round magazine
6P13 APB Silenced machine pistol 9x18 PM  Soviet Union 20 round magazine
PP-19 Bizon Submachine gun 9x18 PMM or 9x19  Russia 64 round helical magazine
AEK-919K "Kashtan" Submachine gun 9x18 PMM  Russia 20 or 30 round magazine capacity. Issued to special forces.
AK-74M Assault rifle 5.45x39  Russia 30 round magazine, new 60 round magazine, main service rifle of the Russian armed forces
AK-74 Assault rifle 5.45x39  Soviet Union 30 round magazine, In service with Soviet Naval Infantry and reserve troops, Supplemented by AK-74M.
AKS-74 Assault rifle 5.45x39  Soviet Union 30 round magazine, new 60 round magazine, moderate usage by VDV
AKS-74U Assault rifle 5.45x39  Soviet Union 30 round magazine, shortened version of the AK-74, moderate usage
AKM Assault rifle 7.62x39  Soviet Union 30 round magazine, former main service rifle, some usage mainly in urban environments due to the ability to penetrate heavy cover.
AN-94 Assault rifle 5.45x39  Russia 30 round magazine, new 60 round magazine, 2 round burst mode fired at 1800 RPM, originally designed to replace AK-74M, limited usage by special forces units
AK-105 Assault rifle 5.45x39  Russia 30 round Magazine, Replacing AKS-74U[citation needed]
AK-12 Assault rifle 5.45.39  Russia 30 round magazine, new 60 round magazine, undergoing testing within the Russian military
AS Val Silenced assault rifle 9x39 SP-5 or SP-6  Soviet Union 10 or 20 round magazine, uses an integrated suppressor.
Dragunov SVD Sniper rifle 7.62x54  Soviet Union 10 round magazine, semi auto, main service sniper rifle.
Dragunov SVU Sniper rifle 7.62x54  Russia 10 round magazine, semi auto, bullpup variant of the SVD, moderate usage
VSS Vintorez Suppressed sniper rifle 9x39 SP-5 or SP-6  Soviet Union 10 or 20 round magazine, semi or full auto, uses an integrated suppressor.
SV-98 Sniper rifle 7.62x54  Russia 10 round magazine, bolt action, limited usage
KSVK Anti-material rifle 12.7x108  Russia 5 round magazine, semi auto, limited usage
OSV-96 Anti-material rifle 12.7x108  Russia 5 round magazine, semi auto, can be folded in half, limited usage
RPK-74 Light machine gun 5.45x39  Soviet Union 30 or 45 round magazine, based on the AK-74, main service SAW
RPK Light machine gun 7.62x39mm  Soviet Union 30 or 40 round magazine or 75 round drum, former main service LMG, based on the AKM, some usage
PKM General purpose machine gun 7.62x54  Soviet Union Belt fed with 100 or 200 or 250 round boxes, uses a heavily modified Kalashnikov design, main service general purpose machine gun
PKP "Pecheneg" General purpose machine gun 7.62x54  Russia Belt fed with 100 or 200 round boxes. Based on and designed to replace the PKM, limited usage
NSV Heavy machine gun 12.7x108  Soviet Union Belt fed with 50 round boxes, main service heavy machine gun.
Kord Heavy machine gun 12.7x108  Russia Belt fed with 50 round boxes, replacing the NSV as the main service heavy machine gun. Limited usage.

[edit] Grenades and grenade launchers

Name Type Diameter Origin Notes
RGO Hand grenade  Soviet Union 6 meter kill radius, 3.8 second fuse, will detonate on impact after being armed for 1.8 seconds
RGN Hand grenade  Soviet Union 4 meter kill radius, 3.8 second fuse, will detonate on impact after being armed for 1.8 seconds
GP-30 Under-barrel grenade launcher 40mm  Soviet Union can be fitted to AKM, AK-74, AN-94, and AK-10X rifles and their variants
RG-6/6G-30 Multi-shot grenade launcher 40mm  Russia 6 round capacity in revolver style cylinders
GM-94 Multi-shot grenade launcher 43mm  Russia 3 round tube magazine, pump action, optimized for close quarters battle using grenades with a small kill radius
AGS-17 Automatic grenade launcher 30mm  Soviet Union Belt fed with 29 round drums, high rate of fire
AGS-30 Automatic grenade launcher 30mm  Russia Belt fed with 29 round drums, lightweight modern version of the AGS-17.

[edit] Mines

Name Type Detonation Origin Notes
MON-90 Anti-personnel mine Tripwire/Command Propels ~2000 steel projectiles to a kill radius of 90 meters
MON-100 Anti-personnel mine Tripwire/Command Propels ~400 steel projectiles to a kill radius of 100 meters.
MON-200 Anti-personnel mine Tripwire/Command A larger and more powerful version of the MON-100
OZM-72 Anti-personnel mine Tripwire/Command/Pressure ~500g TNT, fragmentation mine.
POMZ Anti-personnel mine Tripwire/Command/Pressure ~75g TNT, fragmentation mine
PMN Anti-personnel mine Pressure ~240g TNT, anti-personnel blast mine
PMN-2 Anti-personnel mine Pressure ~100g TNT, anti-personnel blast mine
PMN-4 Anti-personnel mine Pressure ~50g TNT, anti-personnel blast mine
TM-57 Anti-tank mine Pressure 6.3 kg TNT
TM-62M Anti-tank mine Pressure 7.5 kg TNT
TM-83 Anti-tank mine Seismic sensors ~13 kg TNT
TM-89 Anti-tank mine Seismic sensors ~10 kg TNT

[edit] Rocket and missile systems

Name Type Diameter Origin Notes
RPO-A Shmel Shoulder-launched missile weapon 93mm  Soviet Union Single-shot, disposable rocket launcher. Uses RPO-A thermobaric and RPO-Z incendiary rockets.
RPG-7V2 Rocket-propelled grenade Varies  Soviet Union Re-loadable launcher with a variety of anti-personnel and anti-tank munitions available.
RPG-16 Rocket-propelled grenade 58mm  Soviet Union Re-loadable launcher, Higher accuracy and four times the range of the RPG-7
RPG-22 Rocket-propelled gernade 72.5mm  Soviet Union One shot disposable launcher.
RPG-26 Rocket-propelled grenade 72.5mm  Soviet Union Single-shot disposable launcher.
RPG-27 Rocket-propelled grenade 105mm  Soviet Union Single-shot disposable launcher with tandem-charge warhead in an anti-tank role, and RShG-1 thermobaric warhead for anti-infantry use.
RPG-29 Rocket-propelled grenade 105mm  Soviet Union Re-loadable launcher. Can use PG-29V tandem-charge munitions in an anti-tank role, or TBG-29 thermobaric munitions in anti-infantry use.
RPG-32 Rocket-propelled grenade 105mm  Russia Re-loadable launcher. Can use PG-32V tandem-charge munitions in an anti-tank role, or TBG-32V thermobaric munitions in anti-infantry use.
9M111M Fagot-M Anti-tank guided missile 120mm  Soviet Union Designated AT-4C "Spigot C" by NATO.
9M113M Konkurs-M Anti-tank guided missile 135mm  Soviet Union Designated AT-5B "Spandrel B" by NATO.
9K115-2 Metis-M Anti-tank guided missile 130mm  Russia Designated AT-13 "Saxhorn-2" by NATO.
9M133 Kornet Anti-tank guided missile 152mm  Russia Designated AT-14 "Spriggan" by NATO.
9K34 Strela-3 Man-portable air-defense system  Soviet Union Designated SA-14 "Gremlin" by NATO.
9K38 Igla-1S Man-portable air-defense system 72mm  Soviet Union Designated SA-18 "Grouse" by NATO.

[edit] Vehicles

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[edit] Logistics and utility vehicles

Name Type Quantity Origin Notes
UAZ-469 Light Utility Vehicle  Soviet Union
GAZ-2975 Tigr Light Utility Vehicle  Russia
GAZ-3937 Vodnik Amphibious Light Utility vehicle  Russia Amphibious version of the Tigr
GAZ-33097 Light cargo truck  Russia
Ural-5323 Medium cargo truck  Soviet Union
Ural-4320 Medium cargo truck  Soviet Union
KamAZ 43501[1] Medium cargo truck  Russia

[edit] Armoured fighting vehicles

Name Type Quantity Origin Notes
BTR-82/A Armoured personnel carrier 210[2]  Russia Improved version and mid-term replacement of BTR-80/A.
BTR-90 Armoured personnel carrier ~80  Russia Further orders cancelled in 2011 due to development of a new BTR, possibly part of the Unified Combat Platform program.
BTR-80/A Armoured personnel carrier ~4,000  Soviet Union Currently being upgraded into/replaced by BTR-82.
BTR-70M1986/1 Armoured personnel carrier 2,000  Soviet Union Being slowly phased out.
MT-LB Armoured personnel carrier 3,300  Soviet Union Large number in storage.
BTR-D Armoured personnel carrier ~514  Soviet Union All models.
BMP-3 Infantry fighting vehicle 693  Soviet Union Originally intended to replace BMP-2 and BMP-1. Instead likely to complement Unified Combat Platform based BMP or Heavy BTR in smaller numbers from ~2015.
BMP-2 Infantry fighting vehicle 4,600  Soviet Union Some in reserve/storage.
BMP-1P Infantry fighting vehicle 1,500  Soviet Union 6,600 in reserve.
BMD-3/4 Infantry fighting vehicle ~120  Soviet Union Lightweight infantry fighting vehicle for for airborne use. Mostly BMD-3 with some vehicles upgraded to BMD-4 (~60).
BMD-2 Infantry fighting vehicle ~360  Soviet Union Lightweight infantry fighting vehicle for airborne use. Up to 1,500 more in storage.
BMD-1P Infantry fighting vehicle ~720  Soviet Union Lightweight infantry fighting vehicle for airborne use. Up to 2,400 more in storage.
BRDM-2 Armoured reconnaissance vehicle 2,000  Soviet Union Up to 6,000 in storage/reserve.
BRM-1 Armoured reconnaissance vehicle ~480  Soviet Union Based on the BMP-1 infantry fighting vehicle
T-90 Main battle tank 702[3]  Russia In active production.
T-80 Main battle tank 1,400  Soviet Union Up to 3,100 in storage. T-80s in service are to be upgraded. [4]
T-72 Main battle tank 1,200  Soviet Union Up to 8,000 kept in reserve/storage.
T-64 Main battle tank 4,100  Soviet Union Kept in reserve/storage.
T-62 Main battle tank 2,000  Soviet Union Kept in storage.
T-55 Main battle tank 1,200  Soviet Union Kept in storage.
9P157-2 "Khrizantema-S" Anti Tank Missile Carrier  ?  Russia
BMPT Tank Support Combat Vehicle 4-5  Russia
BMO-T Heavy Armored Personal Carrier  ?  Russia
BTR-T Heavy Armored Personal Carrier  ?  Russia


[edit] Air Defence Vehicle

Name Type Quantity Origin Notes
S-400 Long range strategic SAM 48[5] Russia Designated SA-21 "Growler" by NATO
S-300PMU-1/2 Long range strategic SAM 768[6] Russia Designated SA-20 "Gargoyle" by NATO
S-300V Long range strategic SAM 185[6] Soviet Union Designated SA-12 "Gladiator" by NATO
Buk-M1 Medium range SAM 342[7] Soviet Union Designated SA-11 "Gadfly" by NATO
9K331M Tor-M1 Short range SAM 136[8] Soviet Union Designated SA-15 "Gauntlet" by NATO
9K35M3 Strela-10M3 Short range SAM 354[9] Soviet Union Designated SA-13 "Gopher" by NATO
9K33 Osa Short Range SAM 294[10] Soviet Union Designated SA-8 "Gecko" by NATO
Pantsir-S1 SPAAG 22[11] Russia Designated SA-22 "Greyhound" by NATO
9K22 Tunguska SPAAG 204[12] Soviet Union Designated SA-19 "Grison" by NATO
ZSU-23-4M Shilka SPAAG 133[13] Soviet Union

[edit] Artillery

[edit] Field artillery

Name Type Quantity Origin Notes
2A36 Giatsint-B 152mm Howitzer 188[14] Soviet Union
2A65 Msta-B 152mm Howitzer 432[15] Soviet Union
D-20 152mm Howitzer 430[16] Soviet Union
M-46 130mm Field Gun 55[17] Soviet Union
D-30 122mm Howitzer 564 Soviet Union
Nona-K 120mm Howitzer 1,112[18] Soviet Union
MT-12 Rapira 100mm Anti-Tank Gun 526[19] Soviet Union Modernized T-12

[edit] Self-propelled artillery

Name Type Quantity Origin Notes
2S7 Pion 203mm Self-Propelled Howitzer 37[20] Soviet Union
2S35 Koalitsiya-SV Twin-Barrelled 152mm Prototype Self-propelled Howitzer N/A Russia
2S19 Msta 152mm Self-Propelled Howitzer 468[21] Soviet Union More in production
2S5 Giatsint-S 152mm Self-Propelled Howitzer 221[22] Soviet Union
2S1 Gvozdika 122mm Self-Propelled Howitzer 622[23] Soviet Union
2S3 Akatsiya 152mm Self-Propelled Howitzer 955[24] Soviet Union
2S4 Tyulpan 240mm Self-Propelled Gun-Mortar 25[25] Soviet Union
2S31 Vena 120mm Self-Propelled Gun-Mortar Russia
2S9 Nona 120mm Self-Propelled Gun-Mortar 266[26] Soviet Union
2S25 Sprut-SD 125mm Tank Destroyer 80 Russia
A-222 Bereg 130mm Self-Propelled gun 6 Russia

[edit] Rocket Artillery

Name Type Quantity Origin Notes
BM-21 Grad 122mm Multiple Rocket Launcher 367[27] Soviet Union
BM-27 Uragan 220mm Multiple Rocket Launcher 412[28] Soviet Union
BM-30 Smerch 300mm Multiple Rocket Launcher 300[29] Soviet Union More in production
TOS-1 220mm Thermobaric Rocket Launcher N/A Soviet Union
Tornado-G 122mm Multiple Rocket Launcher 30[30]  Russia +36 ordered in 2012.

[edit] Tactical Ballistic Missile Systems

Name Type Quantity Origin Notes
OTR-21 Tochka-U / SS-21 Tactical ballistic missile 96[31] Soviet Union 482 kg conventional warhead, 100 kt nuclear, maximum 120 km missile range
9K720 Iskander-E / SS-26 Tactical ballistic missile 24[32] Russia 480 kg conventional warhead, maximum 400 km missile range

[edit] Aircraft

All army aviation aircraft have been transferred to Air Force command.

[edit] Gallery

  • GAZ-2975 "Tigr" on rehearsal for the Moscow Victory Parade

  • A T-72 main battle tank

  • Two T-80UD MBTs on Red Square in Moscow during failed Coup d'état attempt, August 1991.

  • Backside of the 9A317 TELAR of Buk-M2E (export version) at the 2007 MAKS Airshow

[edit] Notes

  1. ^ http://www.itartass-sib.ru/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=45436:v-2011-godu-dve-motostrelkovye-brigady-poluchat-bolee-210-novyx-i-modernizirovannyx-btr-82a-general-bulgakov&catid=37:mr&Itemid=82
  2. ^ http://www.itartass-sib.ru/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=45436:v-2011-godu-dve-motostrelkovye-brigady-poluchat-bolee-210-novyx-i-modernizirovannyx-btr-82a-general-bulgakov&catid=37:mr&Itemid=82
  3. ^ http://www.warfare.ru/?lang=&catid=244&linkid=1778
  4. ^ http://www.warfare.ru/?lang=&catid=244&linkid=1778
  5. ^ Eugene Yanko, Copyright 1997 - info@warfare.ru (1999-02-12). "SA-21 GROWLER / S400 Triumph Long Range TABM/SAM | Russian Arms, Military Technology, Analysis of Russia's Military Forces". Warfare.ru. http://warfare.ru/?lang=&catid=264&linkid=1699. Retrieved 2010-09-23. 
  6. ^ a b Eugene Yanko, Copyright 1997 - info@warfare.ru (1995-08-10). "SA-20 GARGOYLE / S300PMU/2/3 | Russian Arms, Military Technology, Analysis of Russia's Military Forces". Warfare.ru. http://warfare.ru/?lang=&catid=264&linkid=1695. Retrieved 2010-09-23. 
  7. ^ Eugene Yanko, Copyright 1997 - info@warfare.ru. "SA-11 Gadfly / 9K37M1 Buk | Russian Arms, Military Technology, Analysis of Russia's Military Forces". Warfare.ru. http://warfare.ru/?lang=&catid=264&linkid=1690. Retrieved 2010-09-23. 
  8. ^ Eugene Yanko, Copyright 1997 - info@warfare.ru. "SA-15 Gauntlet / Tor | Russian Arms, Military Technology, Analysis of Russia's Military Forces". Warfare.ru. http://warfare.ru/?lang=&catid=264&linkid=1691. Retrieved 2010-09-23. 
  9. ^ Eugene Yanko, Copyright 1997 - info@warfare.ru. "SA-13 GOPHER / 9K35 Strela-10 | Russian Arms, Military Technology, Analysis of Russia's Military Forces". Warfare.ru. http://warfare.ru/?lang=&catid=264&linkid=2302. Retrieved 2010-09-23. 
  10. ^ Eugene Yanko, Copyright 1997 - info@warfare.ru. "SA-8 /* SAN-4 Gekko / 9K33* Osa | Russian Arms, Military Technology, Analysis of Russia's Military Forces". Warfare.ru. http://warfare.ru/?lang=&catid=264&linkid=1689. Retrieved 2010-09-23. 
  11. ^ Eugene Yanko, Copyright 1997 - info@warfare.ru. "SA-19 GRISON / SA-22 9M111 Pantsyr S-1 | Russian Arms, Military Technology, Analysis of Russia's Military Forces". Warfare.ru. http://warfare.ru/?lang=&catid=264&linkid=1692. Retrieved 2010-09-23. 
  12. ^ Eugene Yanko, Copyright 1997 - info@warfare.ru. "SA-19 Grison / Tunguska | Russian Arms, Military Technology, Analysis of Russia's Military Forces". Warfare.ru. http://warfare.ru/?lang=&catid=264&linkid=1693. Retrieved 2010-09-23. 
  13. ^ Eugene Yanko, Copyright 1997 - info@warfare.ru (2006-11-02). "ZSU Shilka self-propelled ADGM | Russian Arms, Military Technology, Analysis of Russia's Military Forces". Warfare.ru. http://warfare.ru/?lang=&catid=240&linkid=1569. Retrieved 2010-09-23. 
  14. ^ Eugene Yanko, Copyright 1997 - info@warfare.ru. "2a36 Giatsint-B | Russian Arms, Military Technology, Analysis of Russia's Military Forces". Warfare.ru. http://warfare.ru/?lang=&catid=240&linkid=1574&linkname=2a36-Giatsint-B. Retrieved 2010-09-23. 
  15. ^ Eugene Yanko, Copyright 1997 - info@warfare.ru. "2a65b Msta-B | Russian Arms, Military Technology, Analysis of Russia's Military Forces". Warfare.ru. http://warfare.ru/?lang=&catid=240&linkid=1585&linkname=2a65b-Msta-B. Retrieved 2010-09-23. 
  16. ^ Eugene Yanko, Copyright 1997 - info@warfare.ru. "D-20 152-mm Towed Gun-Howitzer | Russian Arms, Military Technology, Analysis of Russia's Military Forces". Warfare.ru. http://warfare.ru/?lang=&catid=240&linkid=2316&linkname=D-20-152-mm-Towed-Gun-Howitzer. Retrieved 2010-09-23. 
  17. ^ Eugene Yanko, Copyright 1997 - info@warfare.ru. "M-46 130-mm Towed Gun | Russian Arms, Military Technology, Analysis of Russia's Military Forces". Warfare.ru. http://warfare.ru/?lang=&catid=240&linkid=1576&linkname=M-46-130-mm-Towed-Gun. Retrieved 2010-09-23. 
  18. ^ Eugene Yanko, Copyright 1997 - info@warfare.ru (2006-01-25). "Nona-K | Russian Arms, Military Technology, Analysis of Russia's Military Forces". Warfare.ru. http://warfare.ru/?lang=&catid=240&linkid=1573&linkname=Nona-K. Retrieved 2010-09-23. 
  19. ^ Eugene Yanko, Copyright 1997 - info@warfare.ru. "Rapira 100-mm anti-tank gun | Russian Arms, Military Technology, Analysis of Russia's Military Forces". Warfare.ru. http://warfare.ru/?lang=&catid=240&linkid=1572&linkname=Rapira-100-mm-anti-tank-gun. Retrieved 2010-09-23. 
  20. ^ Eugene Yanko, Copyright 1997 - info@warfare.ru. "2s7m Pion Self-Propelled Gun | Russian Arms, Military Technology, Analysis of Russia's Military Forces". Warfare.ru. http://warfare.ru/?lang=&catid=240&linkid=1564&linkname=2s7m-Pion-Self-Propelled-Gun. Retrieved 2010-09-23. 
  21. ^ Eugene Yanko, Copyright 1997 - info@warfare.ru (2005-12-27). "2s19 Msta-S 152 mm self-propelled howitzer | Russian Arms, Military Technology, Analysis of Russia's Military Forces". Warfare.ru. http://warfare.ru/?lang=&catid=240&linkid=1562&linkname=2s19-Msta-S-152-mm-self-propelled-howitzer. Retrieved 2010-09-23. 
  22. ^ Eugene Yanko, Copyright 1997 - info@warfare.ru. "2s5 Giatsint | Russian Arms, Military Technology, Analysis of Russia's Military Forces". Warfare.ru. http://warfare.ru/?lang=&catid=240&linkid=1567&linkname=2s5-Giatsint. Retrieved 2010-09-23. 
  23. ^ Eugene Yanko, Copyright 1997 - info@warfare.ru. "2s1 Gvozdika Self-Propelled Howitzer | Russian Arms, Military Technology, Analysis of Russia's Military Forces". Warfare.ru. http://warfare.ru/?lang=&catid=240&linkid=1565&linkname=2s1-Gvozdika-Self-Propelled-Gun. Retrieved 2011-08-18. 
  24. ^ Eugene Yanko, Copyright 1997 - info@warfare.ru. "2s3 Akatsia Self-Propelled Howitzer | Russian Arms, Military Technology, Analysis of Russia's Military Forces". Warfare.ru. http://warfare.ru/?lang=&catid=240&linkid=1566&linkname=2s3-Akatsia-Self-Propelled-Howitzer. Retrieved 2010-09-23. 
  25. ^ Eugene Yanko, Copyright 1997 - info@warfare.ru. "2s4 Tulpan self-propelled mortar | Russian Arms, Military Technology, Analysis of Russia's Military Forces". Warfare.ru. http://warfare.ru/?lang=&catid=240&linkid=1568&linkname=2s4-Tulpan-self-propelled-mortar. Retrieved 2010-09-23. 
  26. ^ Eugene Yanko, Copyright 1997 - info@warfare.ru (2003-05-09). "2s23 Nona-SVK Self-propelled Gun | Russian Arms, Military Technology, Analysis of Russia's Military Forces". Warfare.ru. http://warfare.ru/?lang=&catid=240&linkid=1563&linkname=2s23-Nona-SVK-Self-propelled-Gun. Retrieved 2010-09-23. 
  27. ^ Eugene Yanko, Copyright 1997 - info@warfare.ru. "9m22u Grad MLRS | Russian Arms, Military Technology, Analysis of Russia's Military Forces". Warfare.ru. http://warfare.ru/?lang=&catid=353&linkid=1581. Retrieved 2010-09-23. 
  28. ^ Eugene Yanko, Copyright 1997 - info@warfare.ru. "9P140 Uragan (Hurricane) 220 mm MLRS | Russian Arms, Military Technology, Analysis of Russia's Military Forces". Warfare.ru. http://warfare.ru/?lang=&catid=353&linkid=2317. Retrieved 2010-09-23. 
  29. ^ Eugene Yanko, Copyright 1997 - info@warfare.ru. "9k58 Smerch MLRS | Russian Arms, Military Technology, Analysis of Russia's Military Forces". Warfare.ru. http://warfare.ru/?lang=&catid=353&linkid=1578. Retrieved 2010-09-23. 
  30. ^ http://lenta.ru/news/2012/02/08/tornado/
  31. ^ Eugene Yanko, Copyright 1997 - info@warfare.ru. "OTR-21 Tochka-U | Russian Arms, Military Technology, Analysis of Russia's Military Forces". Warfare.ru. http://warfare.ru/?catid=363&linkid=1704. Retrieved 2010-09-23. 
  32. ^ Eugene Yanko, Copyright 1997 - info@warfare.ru. "Iskander | Russian Arms, Military Technology, Analysis of Russia's Military Forces". Warfare.ru. http://warfare.ru/?lang=&linkid=1769&catid=363. Retrieved 2010-09-23. 

[edit] References


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