List of historical unrecognized states

These lists of historic unrecognized or partially recognized states or governments give an overview of extinct geopolitical entities, that wished to be recognized as sovereign states, but did not enjoy worldwide diplomatic recognition. The entries listed here had de facto control over their claimed territory and were self-governing with a desire for full independence, or if they lacked such control over their territory, were recognized by at least one other recognized nation.

Criteria for inclusion

The criteria for inclusion in this list is similar to that of the List of states with limited recognition. To be included here, a polity must have claimed statehood, lacked recognition from at least one state, and either:

• had a population and an organized government with a capacity to enter into relations with other states; or
• had de facto control over a territory or a significant portion of the territory of an otherwise recognized sovereign state; or
• have been recognised as a state by at least one other state.

Historic unrecognized or partially recognized states with de facto control over their territory

Further information: List of states with limited recognition

Note: The tables can be sorted alphabetically or chronologically using the icon.

Europe

Lemko

Name	Period	Today	Notes
Alsace Alsace-Lorraine	1918	Part of France	Short-lived Independent Republic of Alsace-Lorraine.
Lemko Republic	1918–1920	Part of Poland	A pro-Russian state it supported the White movement and wanted to join Russia but since that it wasn't possible it desired to join the First Czechoslovak Republic only to be denied. The Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye sealed its fate, handing the territory over to the Second Polish Republic which took control of the area in the Polish-Ukrainian War.
Asturias and León Sovereign Council of Asturias and León	1937	Part of Spain	Its independence was declared from the Second Spanish Republic (24 August) and it was occupied by the Francoist Forces during the Spanish Civil War (21 October). Its government (called traditionally "El Gobiernín") asked the League of Nations for international recognition but it was occupied before receiving an answer.
Asturias Workers and Peasants' Republic of Asturias	1934	Part of Spain	The Revolutionary Forces during the October Revolution (1934) rejecting the Government of the Second Spanish Republic asked the republican government for independence. It was not recognized. The Spanish Army, led by Francisco Franco occupied the region.
Banat Banat Republic	1918	Part of Romania, Serbia, and Hungary	Established in the Banat region of modern Serbia by members of ethnic groups in the region it was only recognized by Hungary it was invaded by Serbia and in 1919 partitioned between Hungary, Romania, and the newly created Yugoslavia.
Baranya-Baja Serbian-Hungarian Baranya-Baja Republic	1921	Part of Hungary and Croatia	A short-lived, Soviet-minded state set up Hungarian communists fleeing the white terror following the collapse of the Hungarian Soviet Republic. It was supported by Yugoslavia but was quickly re-conquered by Hungary.
Bavaria Bavarian Soviet Republic	1919	Part of Germany	Attempt by German socialists to create a socialist state in Bavaria following the abdication of Kaiser Wilhelm II and King Ludwig III of Bavaria but following a coup communists took over and set up a Soviet republic. A month later it was reconquered by the army then reincorporated into the Weimar Republic.
Belarus Belarusian People's Republic	1918	Independent Belarus	Attempt by Belorussian nationalists but reincorporated into the Soviet Union. Still exists today as a government-in-exile.
Carpatho-Ukraine Carpatho-Ukraine	1939	Part of Ukraine	An attempt by Ukrainian nationalists in the Carpathian Ruthenia region of Czechoslovakia to gain independence but it was quickly invaded by Nazi ally Hungary
Estonian SSR Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic	1941–1991	Estonia	Illegally incorporated by force into the Soviet Union following the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact. First recognised by Nazi Germany, the Soviet Republic was never recognised by the majority of Western democracies.
Latvian SSR Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic	1941–1991	Latvia	Illegally incorporated by force into the Soviet Union following the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact. First recognised by Nazi Germany, the Soviet Republic was never recognised by the majority of Western democracies.
Lithuanian SSR Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic	1941–1991	Lithuania	Illegally incorporated by force into the Soviet Union following the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact. First recognised by Nazi Germany, the Soviet Republic was never recognised by the majority of Western democracies.
Italian Regency of Carnaro Italian Regency of Carnaro	1919–1920	Part of Croatia	Proclaimed by Gabriele D'Annunzio.
Canton of Cartagena Canton of Cartagena	1873–1874	Part of Spain	In 1873 Cartagena was proclaimed as an independent canton, called Canton of Cartagena. This proclamation started the Cantonal Revolution in Spain, during the First Spanish Republic. It was the begin of the cantonalism, a movement that tried Spain becomed a federal state composed by cantons. Some cities and territories joined the cantonal´s cause and were declared independents too, but they surrendered a few days later. The only canton with an organized government as state, control on its territory and military power was Cartagena, which declared war and faced the Spanish central government during six months, until it was invaded.
Catalan Republic Catalan Republic	1931, 1934	Part of Spain	The independent Catalan Republic was proclaimed twice. First, in April 1931 by Francesc Macià, following which it submitted to the sovereignty of the Second Spanish Republic. The second time it was proclaimed by Macià's successor as the President of the Generalitat, Lluís Companys, on October 6, 1934. His rebellion was quickly crushed by the Spanish central government.
Chechnya Chechen Republic of Ichkeria	1991–2000	Part of Russia	Reintegrated into the Russian Federation as the Chechen Republic
Connacht Republic of Connacht	1798	Part of Ireland	French client republic
Corsica Kingdom of Corsica	1736	Part of France	Seceded from Republic of Genoa
Corsican Republic	1755–1769	Part of France	Seceded from Republic of Genoa; annexed by France. Recognized only by Bey of Tunis
Corsica Repubblica di Salò	1943–1945	Part of Italy	German-dominated puppet state under Benito Mussolini, formed on the North of Italy after the armistice of Italian King Vittorio Emanuele III to the Allies
Corsica Anglo-Corsican Kingdom	1794–1796	Part of France	Independent kingdom under British King George III, formed on the Irish model
Crimea Republic of Crimea	1992, 1994–1995	Part of Ukraine	Declared in 1992 and again in 1994, spanning the Crimean peninsula. Was ended through negotiations with Ukraine.
Croatia Independent State of Croatia	1941–1945	Now two independent states, Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina	Affiliated with the Third Reich.
Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia	1992–1994	Part of Bosnia and Herzegovina	Attempt by Croats in Bosnia and Herzegovina to form their own country. The use of ethnic cleansing led to it being unrecognized and eventually it collapsed.
Gagauzia Gagauzia	1990–1994	Part of Moldova	Region in Moldova it declared its independence on 19 August 1991 following the Soviet coup attempt of 1991 which was supported by many in the area. This came as a result of the possibility of a union between Moldova and Romania which was opposed in Gagauzia which abandoned independence after gaining autonomy from the Moldovan government.
East Germany German Democratic Republic	1949–1990	Part of the Federal Republic of Germany	Commonly known as East Germany, the state was not recognized for a time by West Germany and several other countries.
Finnish Socialist Workers' Republic Finnish Socialist Workers' Republic	1918	Part of Finland	Lasted only three months during the Finnish Civil War, but was recognized by Soviet Russia.
Goust Republic of Goust	1827	Part of France	A French hamlet which was considered for a long time independent due to it never formally annexed by France.
Idel-Ural Idel-Ural State	1917–1918	Part of Tatarstan and Bashkortostan (Russia)	Suppressed by the Red Army.
Ireland Irish Republic	1919–1922	Divided into Northern Ireland and Republic of Ireland	An unrecognized Irish nationalist state during the Irish War for Independence it ceased to exist following the Anglo-Irish Treaty which gave Southern Ireland independence as the Irish Free State while keeping Northern Ireland British Control.
Kuban Kuban People's Republic	1918–1920	Part of Russia	Territory in Russia it was declared by Kuban Cossacks in 1918. It supported the White Movement and was overrun by the Bolsheviks in 1920.
Latjtabansag Lajtabánság	1921	Part of Austria and Hungary	State declared in the Burgenland state of Austria by ethnic Hungarians following the Treaty of Trianon forced Hungary to surrender it. It was ceased to exist after a month when Austria annexed it.
Mirdita Republic of Mirdita	1921	Part of Albania	Set up by Albanian Catholics trying to break away from Albania which is majority Muslim it was backed by Yugoslavia but only lasted three months.
Munster Munster Republic	1922	Part of the Republic of Ireland	Though never independent it was the informal name given to Munster which was the base of Irish republicans aiming to create a United Ireland during the Irish Civil War.
Pindus-Macedonia Principality of Pindus	1941–1944	Part of Greece	Proclaimed during the Italian occupation of Northern Greece it was a proposed puppet state but it never came to exist.
Prekmurje Republic of Prekmurje	1919	Part of Slovenia	Existed for 6 days.
Republika Srpska Republika Srpska	1992–1995	One of the two entities of Bosnia and Herzegovina	Transformed into an entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina, covering 50% of the land with 90%+ ethnic Serbs.
Serbian Krajina Republic of Serbian Krajina	1991–1995	Part of Croatia	Suppressed by Croatia. After the Operation Storm of the Croatian army almost all ethnic Serbs fled Croatia. A number of Croatian army officers were indicted by the ICTY for the atrocities committed against the civilian Serb population.
Slovakia 1 Slovak Soviet Republic	1919	Part of Slovakia	A pro-Hungarian puppet state set up by Red Guards from the Hungarian Soviet Republic in Upper Hungary. After a brief war it was returned to Czechoslovakia as promised by early peace agreements.
Slovakia 2 First Slovak Republic	1939–1945	Part of Slovakia	Between 1939 and 1945, First Slovak Republic was a puppet state of Nazi Germany.
State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs	1918	Part of Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia-Hercegovina, Serbia (Vojvodina) and Montenegro (Boka Kotorska)	Temporary state of the Austro-Hungarian South Slavs, declared on October 29, 1918, and merged with the Kingdom of Serbia on December 1, 1918, into the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (Yugoslavia)
Tamrash Republic of Tamrash	1878–1886	Part of Bulgaria	The Republic of Tamrash was a short-lived self-governing administrative structure of the Pomaks, living in the Tamrash region of the Rhodope Mountains.
Tavolara Kingdom of Tavolara	1836–1962?	Part of Italy	Recognized by the Kingdom of Sardinia and the Kingdom of Italy; acknowledged by Queen Victoria.
Ukraine 1 Ukrainian People's Republic	1917–1920	Part of Ukraine	Attempt by Ukrainian nationalists to gain independence during the Russian Revolution it was eventually defeated by the Bolsheviks.
Ukraine 2 Ukrainian State	1919	Part of Ukraine	Short-lived state set up by Ukrainian Cossacks it favored the Central Powers and was in conflict with the Ukrainian People's Republic until it's leader Pavlo Skoropadskyi abdicated.
Ukraine, West West Ukrainian People's Republic	1918–1919	Part of Ukraine	Established in eastern Galicia it controlled cities once part of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and with large numbers of ethnic Poles leading to a losing war with Poland after which it was partitioned by Poland, the Kingdom of Romania, Czechoslovakia, and the Ukrainian People's Republic.
Ukraine, Free Territory Free Territory	1918–1921	Part of Ukraine	Attempt to create a stateless society built on anarchy it was originally supported by the Bolsheviks but a falling out led to it being absorbed into the USSR.
Ukraine 3 Komancza Republic	1918–1919	Part of Ukraine	An association of 30 pro-Ukrainian villages it planned to merge with the West Ukrainian People's Republic but was suppressed by Poland during the Polish-Ukrainian War
Ukraine 4 Hutsul Republic	1919	Part of Ukraine	A short-lived state formed from territory in the former Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen it was invaded by Hungarian Soviet Republic in June 1919 and then became part of the First Czechoslovak Republic. It originally intended to join the Western Ukrainian National Republic
Uzice Republic of Užice	1941	Part of Serbia	Area briefly liberated by Yugoslav partisans after the Invasion of Yugoslavia it was retaken by the German Army during the First anti-Partisan offensive.
Bihać> Bihac Republic	1942–1943	Part of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia	Area liberated by Yugoslav partisans before being recaptured by the German Army.
Western Bosnia Republic of Western Bosnia	1993–1995	Part of Bosnia and Herzegovina	Existed during the Bosnian War it worked with Serbia and Croatia to dived the territories between the two nations. It's leader was later convicted of war crimes.

Asia

Name	Period	Today	Notes
Aceh Sultanate of Aceh	1874–1904	Now part of Indonesia	A sultanate in modern Indonesia it was later conquered by the Dutch after four hundred years.
Alash Alash Autonomy	1917–1920	Now part of Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan	De facto self-governing
Ararat Republic of Ararat	1927–1930	Now part of Turkey	One of the first Kurdish republics in history, founded in Ağrı Province, Turkey.
Azerbaijan People's Government Azerbaijan People's Government	1945–1946	Now part of Iran	Soviet puppet state set up in Iranian Azerbaijan but later reclaimed by Iran.
Republic of Biak-na-Bato Republic of Biak-na-Bato	1897	Now part of the Philippines	Secessionist state that later joined the First Philippine Republic.
Chinese Soviet Republic Chinese Soviet Republic	1931 - 1937	Now part of China	Recognised by the People's Republic of China (1949 - ) as a "rehearsal" of the PRC and a "cradle" in which the Communist Party seized power
East Timor Democratic Republic of East Timor	1975	Recognized as independent in 2002	Declaration of independence in 1975 recognized by six states (Albania, Cape Verde, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Mozambique, São Tomé and Príncipe)
East Turkestan 1 First East Turkestan Republic	1933–1934	Now part of China	Set up as part of the movement for an independent East Turkestan it was defeated by the Nationalists.
East Turkestan 2 Second East Turkestan Republic	1944–1949	Now part of China	Soviet satellite state set up in East Turkestan the Soviets later turned against it and approved its annexation by China.
Ezo Republic of Ezo	1869	Now part of Japan	Set up in Hokkaido by supporters of the Tokugawa clan following the fall of the Tokugawa Shogunate after the Boshin War and Meiji Restoration they received support from France but only lasted five months.
Formosa Republic of Formosa	1895	Now base of the Taiwan, Republic of China	Declared independence upon cession of Taiwan to Japan following the First Sino-Japanese War.
Hyderabad Hyderabad State	1947–1948	Now is split up among Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Gujarat and Karnataka states of India	One of Britain's numerous client rulers in central India, the Prince of Hyderabad, being Muslim, refused to acknowledge the new Indian government following independence in 1947. Indian troops invaded Hyderabad and rapidly forced its capitulation in 1948.
Kalat Khanate of Kalat	1947–1948	Now part of Balochistan province in Pakistan	Kalat was a princely state in Baluchistan Agency, the one of the agencies of British India. The Khan of Baluchistan declared his nation's independence on August 15, 1947, one day after India and Pakistan declared independence. From 15 August 1947 to 27 March 1948, the region was de facto independent before acceding to Pakistan on 27 March 1948. After intense diplomatic pressure, the Khan relented and acceeded Baluchistan to Pakistan in 1948.
Kurdistan Kingdom of Kurdistan	1921–1924	Now part of Iraq	Establishment by Kurdish nationalists following the collapse of Ottoman Turkey but were defeated by Britain and incorporated into the British Mandate of Mesopotamia.
Lanfang Lanfang Republic	1777–1784	Now part of Indonesia	Established by Chinese in Indonesia as the Dutch began to conquer Indonesia to protect the ethnic Chinese it was a tributary state of the Qing Dynasty in Imperial China; but the Qing Dynasty weakened and it was conquered by the Dutch who added it to colonies.
Mahabad Republic of Mahabad	1946–1947	Now part of Iran	Declared independence from Iran, but then occupied by Iran after the withdraw of the Soviet Red Army from northern Iran and Demolishing of Azerbaijan People's Government.
Manchukuo Manchukuo	1932–1945	Part of China	Puppet state under Japanese control
Mongolian People's Republic Mongolia	1932–1945	Now independent	Was not recognized by several countries from 1940 to 1960 due to being claimed as an integral part of the Republic of China.
Negros Cantonal Republic of Negros	1898–1901	Now part of the Philippines.	Declared independence and aligned itself with the First Philippine Republic. Later, it was recognized by the United States, however the government was dissolved by the Americans in 1901.
Persian SSR Persian Socialist Soviet Republic	1920–1921	Now Gilan province in Iran	Created by local guerilleros (Jangali) when Red Army troops entered Iran, but failed to spread the revolutionary movement over the whole Iran
Philippines Philippine Republic	1899–1901	Now part of the Philippines	Existed as an unrecognized independent state from its declaration on June 12, 1898, up to the Treaty of Paris on December 10, by which Spain ceded the Philippines to the United States. It was formally established with the proclamation of the Malolos Constitution on January 23, 1899, in Malolos, Bulacan, and pursued an unsuccessful war of independence against the United States in the Philippine-American War
Sedang Kingdom of Sedang	1888–1889	Now part of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam	Charles David Mayréna was born in France in 1842, he stopped in Vietnam 1884 and started a plantation. In 1888, the King of Siam began claiming territory west of French territory. Anxious, the Governor of the Indochinese Union agreed to Mayréna's proposed expedition to the interior. When Mayréna reached the central highlands, he organized the local tribes into the Kingdom of Sedang, and declared himself King Marie I. He offered to cede his kingdom to France in exchange for monopoly rights. When the French government became understandably chilly, Mayréna approached the English at Hong Kong. When he was rebuffed there, Mayréna went to Belgium. In 1889, a Belgian financier named Somsy offered arms and money to Mayréna in exchange for mineral rights. Unfortunately, the French Navy blockaded Vietnamese ports to prevent his return, and his arms were seized as contraband at Singapore.
South Moluccas Republic of South Moluccas	1950	Now part of Indonesia	Self-proclaimed republic it was conquered by the Dutch but maintains a government in exile.
Suvadive Islands Suvadive Islands	1959–1963	Now part of the Maldives	Attempted break-away state it was supported by Britain briefly before being abandoned.
Syria Kingdom of Syria	1920	Now independent	Lasted 4 months at the end of World War I until dissolved by the French who took control.
Tagalog Repbulic (Bonifacio) Sovereign Tagalog Nation	1896–1897	Now part of the Philippines.	Succeeded by the First Philippine Republic.
Tagalog Republic (Sacay) Tagalog Republic	1902–1906	Now part of the Philippines.	Revolutionary body set up during the Philippine Revolution and the Philippine-American War.
Tamil Eelam Tamil Eelam	1983–2009	Now part of Sri Lanka	See Sri Lankan Civil War
Tannu Tuva Tannu Tuva	1921–1944	Now part of Russia	Attempt by Tuvans to gain independence following years of domination by China and Imperial Russia it was put under Soviet control and later formally annexed.
Tibet Tibet	1913–1951	Now part of China, Nepal, and India	In 1913, Thubten Gyatso, 13th Dalai Lama of Tibet declared independence from China, which was only recognized by Mongolia (however, there have been doubts over the authority of the Tibetan representative to sign the treaty, and thus its validity). One year later the Dalai Lama signed a UK-drafted treaty accepting Chinese suzerainty and adjusting the border in favor of British India. The 14th Dalai Lama acknowledged Chinese sovereignty in the Seventeen Point Agreement of 1951, but China continues to reject the 1914 UK-drafted treaty and claims South Tibet (now part of India's Arunachal Pradesh).
Wang Jingwei Wang Jingwei Government	1940–1945	Part of China	Puppet government dissolved at the end of World War II. Recognized by Imperial Japan and its allies.
Zamboanga Republic of Zamboanga	1899–1903	Now part of the Philippines.	República de Zamboanga was a short-lived revolutionary republic, founded shortly after the collapse of Spanish colonial rule in the Philippines.

Africa

Name	Period	Today	Notes
Anjouan Anjouan	1997–2002, 2008	Now part of Comoros	Joined with the Comoros then seceded twice to gain independence. Anjouan rejoined the Comoros after talks during the first secession. After the second event, the secessionist government was forcefully removed.
Azawad Azawad	2012–2013	Now part of Mali	Controlled territory in Northern Mali, it wasn't recognized by any state
Biafra Biafra	1967–1970	Part of Nigeria	Controlled territory in eastern Nigeria, recognized by five states (Gabon, Haiti, Ivory Coast, Tanzania, Zambia)
Boer Republics Boer Republics in Southern Africa	1795–1902	Now part of South Africa	The Boer Republics (sometimes also referred to as Boer states) were independent self-governed republics created by the northeastern frontier branch of the Dutch-speaking (proto Afrikaans) inhabitants of the north eastern Cape Province and their descendants (variously named Trekboers, Boers, Afrikaners and Voortrekkers) in mainly the northern and eastern parts of what is now the country of South Africa. Although some of these republics were already founded from 1795 onwards during the period of Dutch colonial rule at the Cape, most of these states were established after Britain took over from the Netherlands as the colonial power at the Cape of Good Hope. While some of these were mini-states which were relatively short-lived, some, especially the Transvaal/South African Republic (1856–1902) and the Orange Free State (1854–1902), developed into successful independent countries which along with Britain were also officially recognized by the Netherlands, France, Germany, Belgium and the United States. These two countries continued to exist for several decades, despite the First Boer War with Britain. Short-lived mini-states were: Andries Ohrigstad Republic (1845–1849), Goshen (1884–1885), Graaff-Reinet (1795), Klein Vrystaat (Little Republic (1886–1890), Klipdrift Republic (1870), Lydenburg Republic (1856–1857), Natalia Republic (1838–1843), Nieuwe Republiek (New Republic, 1884–1887), Potchefstroom (1838), Stellaland (1882–1883), Swellendam (1795; 2011), United States of Stellaland (1883–1885), Utrecht Republic (1854–1858), Winburg (1837), Winburg-Potchefstroom (1838–1840), Zoutpansberg (1857) ua. States were also established by other population groups, most notably the Griqua, a subgroup of South Africa's heterogeneous and multiracial Coloured people. Most notable among these were Griqualand West (1870–1880) and Griqualand East (1861).
Bophuthatswana Bophuthatswana, Ciskei, Transkei, Venda	1977–1994, 1981–1994, 1976–1994, 1979–1994	Now all part of South Africa	Former apartheid Bantustan homelands, formed and recognized only by each other and South Africa. Israel extended marginal recognition to Bophuthatswana and Ciskei by allowing both polities to build trade missions in Tel Aviv
Cabinda Republic of Cabinda	1975	Now part of Angola	Cabinda was a Portuguese protectorate known as the Portuguese Congo. During the Portuguese Colonial War period, the Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda (FLEC) fought for the independence of Cabinda from the Portuguese. The independence was proclaimed on 1 August 1975. After the Angolan independence came in effect in November 1975, Cabinda was invaded by forces of the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) with support of troops from Cuba.
Jubaland Jubaland	1998–2001	Now part of Southwestern Somalia	Briefly declared independence in 1998 it rejoined the Transitional Federal Government in 2001.
Katanga Katanga	1960–1964	Part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo	Controlled the state of the same name within the former Belgian Congo after decolonisation
Moheli Mohéli	1997–1998	Now part of the Comoros	Seceded in 1997 but quietly rejoined the next year.
M'Simbati M'Simbati Sultanate	1959–1962	Now part of Tanzania	Mr. Latham Leslie-Moore, a retired civil servant, declared the secession of the "Sultanate of M'Simbati" from the then colony of Tanganyika. The "secession" was suppressed in 1962 by Tanzanian government troops.
Zanzibar and Pemba People's Republic of Zanzibar and Pemba	1964	Now part of Tanzania	Following the 17 January 1964 coup which deposed the Sultan of Zanzibar, the revolutionary group purporting to represent the island’s Negro majority proclaimed a Peoples’ Republic of Zanzibar and Pemba, its immediately made an offer of union with the government of Tanganyika.
Rhodesia Rhodesia	1965–1979	Now Zimbabwe	British Colony that unilaterally declared independence
Rif Republic of the Rif	1921–1926	Part of Morocco	Founded in September 1921, when the people of the Rif (the Riffians) revolted and declared their independence from Spanish Morocco. It was dissolved by Spanish and French forces on 27 May 1926.
Rwenzururu Kingdom of Rwenzururu	1963–1982	Now part of Uganda	Was based in the Rwenzori Mountains between Uganda and Congo.
South Kasai South Kasai	1960–1961	Part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo	Controlled the state of the same name within the former Belgian Congo after decolonisation
Zimbabwe Rhodesia Zimbabwe Rhodesia	1979	Now Zimbabwe	Short-lived version of Rhodesia (see above) that ended the white minority government and introduced a biracial government.

Americas

Name	Period	Today	Notes
Acre Republic of Acre	1899–1903	Now part of Brazil	A trio of attempts to free Acre from Bolivia and give it to Brazil ending with turn it over to Brazil. Each attempt was defeated but part of Acre was turned over to Brazilian control after the final attempt.
Airrecú Republic of Airrecú	1993	Now part of Nicaragua	Relations between Costa Rica and Nicaragua have traditionally been strained. This situation was not improved when the Costa Rican government granted land rights to settlers along the San Juan River, which forms part of the border between Costa Rica and Nicaragua. A short dispute ended with Costa Rica acknowledging that the territory in fact belonged to Nicaragua, and promising to remove the settlers. The settlers, however, refused to leave. In June of 1993, they declared their independence as the Republic of Airrecú, which means "friendship" in a local Indian language. The Nicaraguan Army immediately descended upon the area and escorted the Republic into Costa Rica.
Anguilla Republic of Anguilla	1967–1969	Now a British overseas territory	Created due to opposition to a union with modern St. Kitts and Nevis. It ceased to exist after being occupied by the British Army.
Anguilla Kingdom of Araucanía and Patagonia	1860–1862	Now part of Argentina and Chile	Set up by a French adventurer who try to gain legitimacy for his state only to be denied. The self-proclaimed kingdom was conquered and partitioned by Chile and Argentina.
California California Republic	1846	Now part of the United States	Formed during an Anglo-American revolt in Mexican California during the Mexican-American War. This "state" never actually possessed a high level of organization, and was only in existence for a matter of weeks before the rebels deferred to the US government and American troops.
Confederate States of America Confederate States of America	1861–1865	Now part of the United States	Originally formed by seven states (South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Texas, and Louisiana). After the American Civil War began, the states of Virginia, Tennessee, Arkansas, and North Carolina joined. Though not recognized as a sovereign nation, the Confederacy was recognized by some nations as a "belligerent power". Reintegrated into the United States.
Independent Guyana Republic of Independent Guyana	1886–1891	Part of Amapa, Brazil	Established by French settlers in defiance of both France and Brazil
Indian Stream Republic of Indian Stream	1832–1835	Now part of the United States	Annexed by the United States. Within the state of New Hampshire.
Juliana Juliana Republic	1839	Part of Brazil	Today's Santa Catarina
Los Altos Republic of Los Altos	1837–1840, 1847	Now part of Guatemala	The United Provinces of Central America were riven by strife for much of their existence. Guatemala’s ruling class was appalled by the thought of an illiterate and brutish peasant Governor Rafael Carrera, and led the six western provinces into secession. The new state of Los Altos, under Liberal leadership, appealed for recognition to the UPCA. In January of 1840, Carrera reconquered Los Altos, and then defeated the UPCA’s army in March, sounding the death knell for the United Provinces. Los Altos rebelled again when Carrera declared Guatemala an independent republic in 1847, but was again rapidly crushed.
Madawaska Republic of Madawaska	1827–1842	Now divided between Canada and the United States	Within the provinces of New Brunswick and Quebec and the state of Maine
Manitobah Republic of Manitobah	1867–1869	Now part of Canada	Within the province of Manitoba
Muskogee State of Muskogee	1799–1832	Part of the United States	A short-lived Native American state in Florida; consisted of several tribes of Creeks and Seminoles. Annexed by the United States.
Piratini Piratini Republic	1836–1845	Part of Brazil	Today's Rio Grande do Sul
Rio Grande Republic of the Río Grande	1840	Now part of the United States and Mexico	Consisted part of southern Texas and the 3 Mexican states of Coahuila, Nuevo León and Tamaulipas
South Haiti Republic of South Haiti	1810	Now part of Haiti	Haiti declared its independence in 1804 under Jean Jacques Dessalines. That same year, Dessalines declared himself Emperor. After his assassination in 1806, Haiti was divided between the Republic of Haiti in the south and the Kingdom of Haiti, under Henry Christophe, in the north. The situation was further complicated by the secession of South Haiti in the southwest corner of the country under André Rigaud in 1810. His own republic contained the former Maroon enclave of La Grande'Anse under Goman, who was allied with King Henry. A few months after Rigaud seized power, he died, and South Haiti rejoined the Republic. In 1820, Henry Christophe committed suicide. Haiti was reunited soon afterwards.
South Peru, North Peru and Confederacy Republic of South Peru, Republic of North Peru and Peru–Bolivian Confederation	1836–1839	Now part of Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Paraguay, Ecuador and Peru	The Peru–Bolivian Confederation (or Confederacy) was a short-lived confederate state that existed in South America between 1836 and 1839. Its first and only head of state, titled “Supreme Protector”, was the Bolivian president, Marshal Andrés de Santa Cruz. The confederation was a loose union between the states of Peru (by this time divided into a Republic of North Peru and a Republic of South Peru, which included the capital Tacna) and Bolivia.
Trinidad Principality of Trinidad	1893-1895	Part of Brazil	American James Harden-Hickey divorced his wife in 1893 (1894?) and announced his intention to move to India and take up a life of Hindu asceticism. On the trip there, a storm forced his ship aground on the island of Trinidad (no relation to the Caribbean Trinidad) in the South Atlantic. Seeing that the island was uninhabited, Harden-Hickey declared himself Prince James I of Trinidad and advertised for settlers in the London Times. The following year, the United Kingdom annexed the island in order to anchor a transatlantic telegraph cable. Prince James was encouraged, hoping that the cable would bring the attention he needed to start his reign. Unfortunately, the plan was scrapped and Brazil annexed the island again in 1897.
Vermont Vermont Republic	1777–1791	Now part of the United States	Became the State of Vermont
Watauga Watauga Association	1772–1778	Now part of the United States	Annexed into the State of North Carolina
West Florida Free and Independent Republic of West Florida	1810	Now part of the United States	Short-lived republic consisting of parts of Louisiana, Mississippi and Alabama. Annexed during the presidency of James Madison.
Yucatán Republic of Yucatán	1841–1843 & 1846–1848	Part of Mexico	A short-lived state from 1841 to 1848, it was proclaimed after the Mexican government tried to centralize and tried to join the US during the Mexican-American War it was rejected and joined a federal Mexico after the war ended.

Oceania

Name	Period	Today	Notes
Empire of Australia	1804	Part of Australia	The Empire of Australia collapsed after the defeat at the Battle of Vinegar Hill.
Bougainville Bougainville Interim Government	1990–1998	Part of Papua New Guinea	Signed a peace deal with Papua New Guinea giving the island autonomy pending an independence referendum within a decade
Franceville Independent Commune of Franceville	1889–1890	Part of Vanuatu	Its independence guaranteed by France, this community of Melanesian natives and European settlers experimented with universal suffrage until France and Britain intervened in the New Hebrides
North Solomons Republic of North Solomons	1975–1976	Part of Papua New Guinea	Seceded twice and returned after peace negotiations both times.
Tafea Tafea Nation	1980	Part of Vanuatu	Opposed to the Anglo-French condominium that ruled it but which ended the secessionist state.
Tanna Tanna Nation	1974	Part of Vanuatu	Declared independence but was suppressed by the Anglo-French condominium.
Vemerana Republic of Vemerana	1980	Part of Vanuatu	Central power of Vanuatu restored with assistance of army from Papua New Guinea

See also

• Micronation
• List of unrecognized countries
• List of historical autonomist and secessionist movements
• List of extinct states
• Flags of formerly independent states