List of monarchs of Afghanistan
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(Redirected from List of leaders of Afghanistan)
| Monarchy of Afghanistan | |
|---|---|
| Former Monarchy | |
.svg) |
|
| Emblem | |
 |
|
| Mohammed Zahir Shah | |
| First monarch | Mirwais Hotak |
| Last monarch | Mohammed Zahir Shah |
| Style | His Majesty |
| Official residence | |
| Monarchy started | 1709 |
| Monarchy ended | 17 July 1973 |
| Current pretender(s) | Ahmad Shah Khan |
.svg)
Prior to the 18th century, the modern state of Afghanistan was divided and mostly ruled by the Delhi Sultanate of India. Its Herat region in the west was ruled by the Safavids of Persia and the Mazar-i-Sharif area in the north by the Khanate of Bukhara. The southern Kandahar region occasionally switched sides between the Mughal Empire and the Safavids.[1] The native Afghans (Pashtun people) had been oppressed by both sides, and were pushing for independence but many attempts had been crushed and those accused of starting revolution being executed.[2]
In 1709, Mirwais Hotak and his Afghan tribal chiefs from Kandahar organized themselves and successfully freed their land from Persian rule.[3] Mirwais built a large fortress for himself and turned the town of Kandahar to serve as the capital of the Hotaki Empire.[2][4] After a long series of wars, this empire was eventually replaced by the Durrani Afghan Empire that was founded by Ahmad Shah Durrani in 1747.[5][6] Ahmad Shah Durrani is regarded as "the Father of the Nation",[7][8][9] Mirwais Hotak as "the Grandfather" and Mohammed Zahir Shah as the last King of Afghanistan.
Contents |
Hotaki Empire (1709–1738) [edit]
| Name |
Lifespan |
Reign start |
Reign end |
Notes |
Family |
Image |
Mirwais Hotak
|
1673 – 1715 | 1709 | 1715 | Hotak |  |
|
| Abdul Aziz Hotak | ? – 1717 | 1715 | 1717 | Brother of Mirwais Hotak | Hotak |  |
| Mahmud Hotaki | 1697 – 22 April 1725 | 1717 | 22 April 1725 | Son of Mirwais Hotak | Hotak |  |
| Ashraf Hotaki | ? – 1730 | 22 April 1725 | 1730 | Nephew of Mirwais Hotak | Hotak |  |
| Hussain Hotaki | ? – 1738 | 22 April 1725 | 24 March 1738 | Son of Mirwais Hotak | Hotak |  |
Durrani Empire (1747–1823) [edit]
| Name |
Lifespan |
Reign start |
Reign end |
Notes |
Family |
Image |
Ahmad Shah Durrani
|
1722 – 16 October 1772 | 1747 | 16 October 1772 | Durrani |  |
|
| Timur Shah Durrani | 1748 – 18 May 1793 | 16 October 1772 | 18 May 1793 | Son of Ahmad Shah Durrani | Durrani |  |
| Zaman Shah Durrani | 1770 – 1844 | 18 May 1793 | 25 July 1801 (deposed) |
Son of Timur Shah Durrani | Durrani |  |
| Mahmud Shah Durrani (1st reign) |
1769 – 18 April 1829 | 25 July 1801 | 13 July 1803 (deposed) |
Son of Timur Shah Durrani | Durrani |  |
| Shuja Shah Durrani (1st reign) |
4 November 1785 – 5 April 1842 | 13 July 1803 | 3 May 1809 (deposed) |
Son of Timur Shah Durrani | Durrani |  |
| Mahmud Shah Durrani (2nd reign) |
1769 – 18 April 1829 | 3 May 1809 | 1818 (deposed) |
Son of Timur Shah Durrani | Durrani | |
| Ali Shah Durrani | ? – ? | 1818 | 1819 (deposed) |
Son of Timur Shah Durrani | Durrani | |
| Ayub Shah Durrani | ? – 1 October 1837 | 1819 | 1823 (deposed) |
Son of Timur Shah Durrani | Durrani | |
Emirate of Afghanistan (1823–1926) [edit]
| Name |
Lifespan |
Reign start |
Reign end |
Notes |
Family |
Image |
| Dost Mohammad Khan (1st reign) |
23 December 1793 – 9 June 1863 | 1823 | 2 August 1839 (deposed) |
Son of Sardar Payendah Khan | Barakzai |  |
| Shuja Shah Durrani (2nd reign)
|
4 November 1785 – 5 April 1842 | 7 August 1839 | 5 April 1842 | Son of Timur Shah Durrani | Durrani | |
| Akbar Khan | 1816–1845 | 5 April 1842 | 1845 | Son of Dost Mohammad Khan | Barakzai |  |
| Dost Mohammad Khan (2nd reign) |
23 December 1793 – 9 June 1863 | 1845 | 9 June 1863 | Son of Sardar Payendah Khan | Barakzai | |
| Sher Ali Khan (1st reign) |
1825 – 21 February 1879 | 9 June 1863 | 1865 (deposed) |
Son of Dost Mohammad Khan | Barakzai |  |
| Mohammad Afzal Khan | 1811 – 7 October 1867 | 1865 | 7 October 1867 | Son of Dost Mohammad Khan | Barakzai |  |
| Mohammad Azam Khan | ? – 21 February 1868 | 7 October 1867 | 21 February 1868 | Son of Dost Mohammad Khan | Barakzai |  |
| Sher Ali Khan (2nd reign) |
1825 – 21 February 1879 | 7 October 1868 | 21 February 1879 | Son of Dost Mohammad Khan | Barakzai | |
| Mohammad Yaqub Khan | 1849 – 15 November 1923 | 21 February 1879 | 12 October 1879 (deposed) |
Son of Sher Ali Khan | Barakzai |  |
| Mohammad Ayub Khan | 1857 – 7 April 1914 | 12 October 1879 | 31 May 1880 (deposed) |
Son of Sher Ali Khan | Barakzai |  |
| Abdur Rahman Khan | 1840/44 – 1 October 1901 | 31 May 1880 | 1 October 1901 | Son of Mohammad Afzal Khan | Barakzai |  |
| Habibullah Khan | 3 June 1872 – 20 February 1919 | 1 October 1901 | 20 February 1919 | Son of Abdur Rahman Khan | Barakzai |  |
| Nasrullah Khan | 1874 – 1920 | 20 February 1919 | 28 February 1919 (deposed) |
Son of Abdur Rahman Khan | Barakzai |  |
| Amanullah Khan | 1 June 1892 – 25 April 1960 | 28 February 1919 | 9 June 1926 | Son of Habibullah Khan | Barakzai |  |
Kingdom of Afghanistan (1926–1973) [edit]
| Name |
Lifespan |
Reign start |
Reign end |
Notes |
Family |
Image |
| Amanullah Khan | 1 June 1892 – 25 April 1960 | 9 June 1926 | 14 January 1929 (deposed) |
Son of Habibullah Khan | Barakzai | |
| Inayatullah Khan | 20 October 1888 – 12 August 1946 | 14 January 1929 | 17 January 1929 (deposed) |
Son of Habibullah Khan | Barakzai |  |
| Habibullah Kalakani | 1890 – 3 November 1929 | 17 January 1929 | 16 October 1929 (deposed) |
Non-Dynastic |  |
|
| Mohammed Nadir Shah | 9 April 1883 – 8 November 1933 | 16 October 1929 | 8 November 1933 | Great-nephew of Dost Mohammed Khan | Barakzai |  |
| Mohammed Zahir Shah | 15 October 1914 – 23 July 2007 | 8 November 1933 | 17 July 1973 (deposed) |
Son of Mohammed Nadir Shah | Barakzai | |
See also [edit]
- List of Presidents of Afghanistan
- President of Afghanistan
- Prime Minister of Afghanistan
- Name of Afghanistan
- History of Afghanistan
References [edit]
- ^ Romano, Amy (2003). A Historical Atlas of Afghanistan. The Rosen Publishing Group. p. 28. ISBN 0-8239-3863-8. Retrieved 2010-10-17.
- ^ a b Otfinoski, Steven (2004). Afghanistan. Infobase Publishing. p. 7. ISBN 0-8160-5056-2. Retrieved 2010-09-27.
- ^ "An Outline Of The History Of Persia During The Last Two Centuries (A.D. 1722-1922)". Edward Granville Browne. London: Packard Humanities Institute. p. 29. Retrieved 2010-09-24.
- ^ Malleson, George Bruce (1878). History of Afghanistan, from the Earliest Period to the Outbreak of the War of 1878. London: Elibron.com. p. 227. ISBN 1-4021-7278-8. Retrieved 2010-09-27.
- ^ "Afghanistan". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 2010-10-23. "Ahmad Shah DURRANI unified the Pashtun tribes and founded Afghanistan in 1747."
- ^ "Last Afghan empire". Louis Dupree, Nancy Hatch Dupree and others. Encyclopædia Britannica Online Version. Retrieved 2010-09-24.
- ^ Ganḍā, Singh (1959). Ahmad Shah Durrani: Father of Modern Afghanistan. Asia Pub. House. p. 457. ISBN 1-4021-7278-8. Retrieved 2010-08-25.
- ^ "Ahmad Shah and the Durrani Empire". Library of Congress Country Studies on Afghanistan. 1997. Retrieved 2010-08-25.
- ^ "Aḥmad Shah Durrānī". Encyclopædia Britannica Online Version. 2010. Retrieved 2010-08-25.
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