List of longest-reigning monarchs

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This is the list of the longest reigning monarchs of all time, detailing monarchs and lifelong leaders who reigned for more than 50 years, sorted by length of reign. Currently reigning monarchs are highlighted.

  • Note: the abbreviation (HRE) indicates a sovereign state within the Holy Roman Empire.

Contents

[edit] Monarchs with verifiable reigns by exact date

Name Country Reign Duration
from to days years/days
Sobhuza II[1] Swaziland 01899-12-10 December 10, 1899 01982-08-21 August 21, 1982 30,204 &1000000000000008200000082 years, &10000000000000254000000254 days
Bernhard VII Lippe (HRE) 01429-08-11 August 11, 1429 01511-04-02 April 2, 1511 29,818 &1000000000000008100000081 years, &10000000000000234000000234 days
Wilhelm IV Henneberg-Schleusingen (HRE) 01480-05-26 May 26, 1480 01559-01-24 January 24, 1559 28,731 &1000000000000007800000078 years, &10000000000000243000000243 days
Heinrich XI[2] Reuss-Obergreiz (HRE) 01723-03-17 March 17, 1723 01800-06-28 June 28, 1800 28,227 &1000000000000007700000077 years, &10000000000000103000000103 days
Christian August Palatinate-Sulzbach (HRE) 01632-08-14 August 14, 1632 01708-04-23 April 23, 1708 27,645 &1000000000000007500000075 years, &10000000000000253000000253 days
Muhoji IV Rao Phaltan (India) 01841-12-07 December 7, 1841 01916-10-17 October 17, 1916 27,342 &1000000000000007400000074 years, &10000000000000315000000315 days
Bhagvatsingh Sahib Gondal state (India) 01869-12-14 December 14, 1869 01944-03-10 March 10, 1944 27,114 &1000000000000007400000074 years, &1000000000000008700000087 days
Georg Wilhelm Schaumburg-Lippe 01787-02-13 February 13, 1787 01860-11-21 November 21, 1860 26,944 &1000000000000007300000073 years, &10000000000000282000000282 days
Karl Friedrich Baden 01738-05-12 May 12, 1738 01811-06-10 June 10, 1811 26,691 &1000000000000007300000073 years, &1000000000000002900000029 days
Johann Ludwig Nassau-Saarbrücken (HRE) 01472-10-19 October 19, 1472 01545-06-04 June 4, 1545 26,525 &1000000000000007200000072 years, &10000000000000228000000228 days[3]
Jagatjit Singh Bahadur Kapurthala, India 01877-01-14 January 14, 1877 01949-06-19 June 19, 1949 26,453 &1000000000000007200000072 years, &10000000000000156000000156 days
Louis XIV France 01643-05-14 May 14, 1643 01715-09-01 September 1, 1715 26,407 &1000000000000007200000072 years, &10000000000000110000000110 days
Heinrich Friedrich Hohenlohe-Langenburg (HRE) 01628-01-29 January 29, 1628 01699-08-05 August 5, 1699 26,121 &1000000000000007100000071 years, &10000000000000188000000188 days
Parashuramrao Shrinivas Aundh (India) 01777-08-30 August 30, 1777 01848-06-11 June 11, 1848 25,852 &1000000000000007000000070 years, &10000000000000286000000286 days
Franz Karl Fürstenberg-Donaueschingen (HRE) 01627-11-15 November 15, 1627 01698-07-19 July 19, 1698 25,814 &1000000000000007000000070 years, &10000000000000246000000246 days
Johannes II Liechtenstein 01858-11-12 November 12, 1858 01929-02-11 February 11, 1929 25,658 &1000000000000007000000070 years, &1000000000000009100000091 days
Karl August Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach 01758-05-28 May 28, 1758 01828-06-14 June 14, 1828 25,584 &1000000000000007000000070 years, &1000000000000001700000017 days
Werner Salm-Reifferscheid-Dyck (HRE) 01559-10-31 October 31, 1559 01629-02-16 February 16, 1629 25,311 &1000000000000006900000069 years, &10000000000000108000000108 days
Heinrich Joseph Johann Auersperg (HRE) 01713-11-06 November 6, 1713 01783-02-09 February 9, 1783 25,297 &1000000000000006900000069 years, &1000000000000009500000095 days
Friedrich V[4] Inner Austria (HRE) 01424-06-10 June 10, 1424 01493-08-19 August 19, 1493 25,272 &1000000000000006900000069 years, &1000000000000007000000070 days
Friedrich V Hesse-Homburg 01751-02-07 February 7, 1751 01820-01-20 January 20, 1820 25,183 &1000000000000006800000068 years, &10000000000000347000000347 days
Mummadi Krishnaraja Wodeyar Mysore (India) 01799-06-30 June 30, 1799 01868-03-27 March 27, 1868 25,107 &1000000000000006800000068 years, &10000000000000271000000271 days
Johann Friedrich Castell-Rüdenhausen (HRE) 01681-01-10 January 10, 1681 01749-06-23 June 23, 1749 25,000 &1000000000000006800000068 years, &10000000000000164000000164 days
Sawant Singh[5] Pratapgarh, India 01775-10-26 October 26, 1775 01844-01-05 January 5, 1844 24,907 &1000000000000006800000068 years, &1000000000000007100000071 days
K'inich Janaab' Pakal Palenque 00615-07-29 July 29, 615 00683-08-31 August 31, 683 24,870 &1000000000000006800000068 years, &1000000000000003300000033 days
Christian Karl Reinhard Leiningen-Dagsburg (HRE) 01698-11-03 November 3, 1698 01766-11-17 November 17, 1766 24,850 &1000000000000006800000068 years, &1000000000000001400000014 days
Franz Joseph I Austria-Hungary 01848-12-02 December 2, 1848 01916-11-21 November 21, 1916 24,825 &1000000000000006700000067 years, &10000000000000355000000355 days
Malietoa Tanumafili II[6] Samoa 01939-07-05 July 5, 1939 02007-05-11 May 11, 2007 24,782 &1000000000000006700000067 years, &10000000000000310000000310 days
Heinrich III Meissen (HRE) 01221-01-18 January 18, 1221 01288-02-15 February 15, 1288 24,499 &1000000000000006700000067 years, &1000000000000002800000028 days
Aliénor[7] Aquitaine 01137-04-09 April 9, 1137 01204-04-01 April 1, 1204 24,464 &1000000000000006600000066 years, &10000000000000358000000358 days
Amarsinhji[8] Wankaner 01881-06-12 June 12, 1881 01948-02-15 February 15, 1948 24,353 &1000000000000006600000066 years, &10000000000000248000000248 days
Khengarji III Cutch 01875-12-19 December 19, 1875 01942-01-15 January 15, 1942 24,133 &1000000000000006600000066 years, &1000000000000002700000027 days
Leopold III Anhalt-Dessau 01751-12-16 December 16, 1751 01817-08-09 August 9, 1817 23,977 &1000000000000006500000065 years, &10000000000000236000000236 days
Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX) Thailand 01946-06-09 June 9, 1946 present 23,974 &1000000000000006500000065 years, &10000000000000233000000233 days
Ferdinand III Sicily 01759-10-06 October 6, 1759 01825-01-04 January 4, 1825 23,831 &1000000000000006500000065 years, &1000000000000009000000090 days
Friedrich Wilhelm Hohenzollern-Hechingen (HRE) 01671-01-13 January 13, 1671 01735-11-14 November 14, 1735 23,680 &1000000000000006400000064 years, &10000000000000305000000305 days
Sayajirao Gaekwad III Baroda State (India) 01875-05-27 May 27, 1875 01939-12-09 December 9, 1939 23,571 &1000000000000006400000064 years, &10000000000000196000000196 days
Sultan Ibrahim Johor (Malaysia) 01895-06-04 June 4, 1895 01959-05-08 May 8, 1959 23,348 &1000000000000006300000063 years, &10000000000000338000000338 days
Albrecht Anton Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt (HRE) 01646-11-04 November 4, 1646 01710-06-24 June 24, 1710 23,242 &1000000000000006300000063 years, &10000000000000232000000232 days
Anton Günther Oldenburg (HRE) 01603-11-12 November 12, 1603 01667-06-19 June 19, 1667 23,230 &1000000000000006300000063 years, &10000000000000219000000219 days
Victoria United Kingdom and the British Empire 01837-06-20 June 20, 1837 01901-01-22 January 22, 1901 23,226 &1000000000000006300000063 years, &10000000000000216000000216 days
Friedrich August I
(Friedrich August III before 1806)		 Saxony 01763-12-17 December 17, 1763 01827-05-05 May 5, 1827 23,149 &1000000000000006300000063 years, &10000000000000139000000139 days
Isa ibn Ali Al Khalifa Bahrain 01869-12-01 December 1, 1869 01932-12-09 December 9, 1932 23,018 &1000000000000006300000063 years, &100000000000000080000008 days
Charles III Upper Lorraine (HRE) 01545-06-12 June 12, 1545 01608-05-14 May 14, 1608 22,982 &1000000000000006200000062 years, &10000000000000337000000337 days
James I Aragon (Spain) 01213-09-12 September 12, 1213 01276-07-27 July 27, 1276 22,964 &1000000000000006200000062 years, &10000000000000319000000319 days
Bernhard II Saxe-Meiningen 01803-12-24 December 24, 1803 01866-09-20 September 20, 1866 22,916 &1000000000000006200000062 years, &10000000000000270000000270 days
Philipp II Nassau-Weilburg (HRE) 01429-07-02 July 2, 1429 01492-03-19 March 19, 1492 22,906 &1000000000000006200000062 years, &10000000000000261000000261 days[9]
Leopold-Philippe Arenberg (HRE) 01691-08-19 August 19, 1691 01754-03-04 March 4, 1754 22,842 &1000000000000006200000062 years, &10000000000000197000000197 days
Nawab Hafiz Muhammad Ibrahim Khan Salarzai[10] Tonk (princely state) (India) 01867-12-20 December 20, 1867 01930-06-23 June 23, 1930 22,830 &1000000000000006200000062 years, &10000000000000185000000185 days
Saqr bin Mohammad al-Qassimi Ras Al Khaimah (United Arab Emirates) 01948-07-17 July 17, 1948 02010-10-27 October 27, 2010 22,747 &1000000000000006200000062 years, &10000000000000102000000102 days
Hirohito (Shōwa)[11] Japan 01926-12-25 December 25, 1926 01989-01-07 January 7, 1989 22,659 &1000000000000006200000062 years, &1000000000000001300000013 days
Kangxi[12] Qing (China) 01661-02-07 February 7, 1661 01722-12-20 December 20, 1722 22,595 &1000000000000006100000061 years, &10000000000000316000000316 days
Tuanku Abdul Hamid Halim Shah Kedah (Malaysia) 01881-09-22 September 22, 1881 01943-05-13 May 13, 1943 22,512 &1000000000000006100000061 years, &10000000000000233000000233 days
Philipp IV Waldeck-Wildungen (HRE) 01513-05-28 May 28, 1513 01574-11-30 November 30, 1574 22,466 &1000000000000006100000061 years, &10000000000000186000000186 days
Paku Alam VIII Pakualaman (Indonesia) 01937-04-12 April 12, 1937 01998-09-11 September 11, 1998 22,432 &1000000000000006100000061 years, &10000000000000152000000152 days
Victor Amadeus Anhalt-Bernburg (HRE) 01656-09-22 September 22, 1656 01718-02-14 February 14, 1718 22,424 &1000000000000006100000061 years, &10000000000000145000000145 days
Ulrich V Württemberg-Stuttgart (HRE) 01419-07-02 July 2, 1419 01480-09-01 September 1, 1480 22,342 &1000000000000006100000061 years, &1000000000000006100000061 days[13]
Ernst Ludwig Hesse-Darmstadt (HRE) 01678-08-31 August 31, 1678 01739-09-12 September 12, 1739 22,291 &1000000000000006100000061 years, &1000000000000001200000012 days
Johann Friedrich I Hohenlohe-Neuenstein-Öhringen (HRE) 01641-10-11 October 11, 1641 01702-10-17 October 17, 1702 22,285 &1000000000000006100000061 years, &100000000000000060000006 days
Wilhelm Moritz II Isenburg-Philippseich (HRE) 01711-03-08 March 8, 1711 01772-03-07 March 7, 1772 22,280 &1000000000000006000000060 years, &10000000000000365000000365 days
Christian Ernst Stolberg-Wernigerode (HRE) 01710-11-09 November 9, 1710 01771-10-25 October 25, 1771 22,265 &1000000000000006000000060 years, &10000000000000350000000350 days
Adolf III Schauenburg and Holstein (HRE) 01164-07-06 July 6, 1164 01225-01-03 January 3, 1225 22,096 &1000000000000006000000060 years, &10000000000000181000000181 days
Leopold Ludwig Palatinate-Veldenz (HRE) 01634-06-03 June 3, 1634 01694-09-29 September 29, 1694 22,033 &1000000000000006000000060 years, &10000000000000118000000118 days
Qianlong Qing (China) 01735-10-18 October 18, 1735 01796-02-08 February 8, 1796 22,028 &1000000000000006000000060 years, &10000000000000113000000113 days
Friedrich Günther Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt 01807-04-28 April 28, 1807 01867-06-28 June 28, 1867 21,976 &1000000000000006000000060 years, &1000000000000006100000061 days
Pakubuwono XII Surakarta (Indonesia) 01944-06-11 June 11, 1944 02004-06-11 June 11, 2004 21,915 &1000000000000006000000060 years, &100000000000000000000000 days[14]
Elizabeth II United Kingdom
Canada
Australia
New Zealand		 01952-02-06 February 6, 1952 present 21,906 &1000000000000005900000059 years, &10000000000000356000000356 days
Johann Jakob I Waldburg-Zeil (HRE) 01614-05-04 May 4, 1614[15] 01674-04-18 April 18, 1674 21,899 &1000000000000005900000059 years, &10000000000000349000000349 days
Christian IV Denmark 01588-04-04 April 4, 1588 01648-02-28 February 28, 1648 21,879 &1000000000000005900000059 years, &10000000000000330000000330 days
Gustav Adolf Mecklenburg-Güstrow (HRE) 01636-04-23 April 23, 1636 01695-10-06 October 6, 1695 21,715 &1000000000000005900000059 years, &10000000000000166000000166 days
Georg Friedrich I Brandenburg-Ansbach (HRE) 01543-12-27 December 27, 1543 01603-04-25 April 25, 1603 21,669 &1000000000000005900000059 years, &10000000000000119000000119 days
Karl I Hesse-Kassel (HRE) 01670-12-01 December 1, 1670 01730-03-23 March 23, 1730 21,661 &1000000000000005900000059 years, &10000000000000112000000112 days
George III United Kingdom 01760-10-25 October 25, 1760 01820-01-29 January 29, 1820 21,644 &1000000000000005900000059 years, &1000000000000009600000096 days
Honoré III Monaco 01733-11-07 November 7, 1733 01793-01-19 January 19, 1793 21,623 &1000000000000005900000059 years, &1000000000000007300000073 days
Barnim I Pomerania-Stettin 01220-01-23 January 23, 1220 01278-12-13 December 13, 1278 21,509 &1000000000000005800000058 years, &10000000000000324000000324 days
Louis XV France 01715-09-01 September 1, 1715 01774-05-10 May 10, 1774 21,436 &1000000000000005800000058 years, &10000000000000251000000251 days
Pedro II Brazil 01831-04-07 April 7, 1831 01889-11-15 November 15, 1889 21,407 &1000000000000005800000058 years, &10000000000000222000000222 days
Ludovico I Saluzzo 01416-10 October 1416 01475-04-08 April 8, 1475 21,373 &1000000000000005800000058 years, &10000000000000189000000189 days
Nikola I Montenegro 01860-08-13 August 13, 1860 01918-11-26 November 26, 1918 21,288 &1000000000000005800000058 years, &10000000000000105000000105 days
Philipp Hesse-Philippsthal (HRE) 01663-07-16 July 16, 1663 01721-06-18 June 18, 1721 21,156 &1000000000000005700000057 years, &10000000000000337000000337 days
Wilhelmina The Netherlands 01890-11-23 November 23, 1890 01948-09-04 September 4, 1948 21,104 &1000000000000005700000057 years, &10000000000000286000000286 days
Philipp I Nassau-Weilburg (HRE) 01371-09-20 September 20, 1371 01429-07-02 July 2, 1429 21,104 &1000000000000005700000057 years, &10000000000000285000000285 days
Philipp I Hesse (HRE) 01509-07-11 July 11, 1509 01567-03-31 March 31, 1567 21,082 &1000000000000005700000057 years, &10000000000000263000000263 days
James VI Scotland 01567-07-24 July 24, 1567 01625-03-27 March 27, 1625 21,066 &1000000000000005700000057 years, &10000000000000246000000246 days
Al-Mustansir Billah[16] Fatimid Caliphate (Egypt) 01036-06-13 June 13, 1036 01094-01-10 January 10, 1094 21,030 &1000000000000005700000057 years, &10000000000000211000000211 days
Albrecht I Hohenlohe-Weikersheim (HRE) 01371-11-16 November 16, 1371 01429-06-15 June 15, 1429 21,030 &1000000000000005700000057 years, &10000000000000211000000211 days
Rudolf I Saxe-Wittenberg (HRE) 01298-08-25 August 25, 1298 01356-03-12 March 12, 1356 21,018 &1000000000000005700000057 years, &10000000000000200000000200 days
Afonso I Portugal 01128-06-24 June 24, 1128 01185-12-06 December 6, 1185 20,984 &1000000000000005700000057 years, &10000000000000165000000165 days
Karl Nassau-Usingen (HRE) 01718-02-14 February 14, 1718 01775-06-21 June 21, 1775 20,946 &1000000000000005700000057 years, &10000000000000127000000127 days
Karl Eusebius Liechtenstein (HRE) 01627-02-12 February 12, 1627 01684-04-05 April 5, 1684 20,872 &1000000000000005700000057 years, &1000000000000005300000053 days
Honoré II Monaco 01604-11-29 November 29, 1604 01662-01-10 January 10, 1662 20,861 &1000000000000005700000057 years, &1000000000000004200000042 days
Christian Ernst Brandenburg-Bayreuth (HRE) 01655-05-30 May 30, 1655 01712-05-20 May 20, 1712 20,809 &1000000000000005600000056 years, &10000000000000356000000356 days
Heinrich XVI Bavaria-Landshut (HRE) 01393-12-04 December 4, 1393 01450-07-30 July 30, 1450 20,691 &1000000000000005600000056 years, &10000000000000238000000238 days
Karl Eugen Württemberg (HRE) 01737-03-12 March 12, 1737 01793-10-24 October 24, 1793 20,680 &1000000000000005600000056 years, &10000000000000226000000226 days
Hermann II Baden (HRE) 01074-04-25 April 25, 1074 01130-10-07 October 7, 1130 20,618 &1000000000000005600000056 years, &10000000000000165000000165 days
Conrad I Burgundy 00937-07-11 July 11, 937 00993-10-19 October 19, 993 20,554 &1000000000000005600000056 years, &10000000000000100000000100 days
Karl IV Theodor Palatinate (HRE) 01742-12-31 December 31, 1742 01799-02-16 February 16, 1799 20,501 &1000000000000005600000056 years, &1000000000000004700000047 days
Alfonso VIII Castile (Spain) 01158-08-31 August 31, 1158 01214-10-05 October 5, 1214 20,489 &1000000000000005600000056 years, &1000000000000003500000035 days
Henry III England 01216-10-19 October 19, 1216 01272-11-16 November 16, 1272 20,482 &1000000000000005600000056 years, &1000000000000002800000028 days
Rainier III Monaco 01949-05-09 May 9, 1949 02005-04-06 April 6, 2005 20,421 &1000000000000005500000055 years, &10000000000000332000000332 days
Abdullah I Al-Sabah Kuwait 01758-09-05 September 5, 1758 01814-05-03 May 3, 1814 20,328 &1000000000000005500000055 years, &10000000000000240000000240 days[17]
Sisavang Vong Laos 01904-03-26 March 26, 1904 01959-10-29 October 29, 1959 20,305 &1000000000000005500000055 years, &10000000000000217000000217 days
Ganga Singh Bikaner State, India 01887-08-19 August 19, 1887 01943-02-02 February 2, 1943 20,255 &1000000000000005500000055 years, &10000000000000167000000167 days
Vittorio Amedeo II Savoy (HRE) 01675-06-12 June 12, 1675 01730-09-03 September 3, 1730 20,171 &1000000000000005500000055 years, &1000000000000008300000083 days
Friedrich Casimir Ortenburg-Neuortenburg (HRE) 01603-07-04 July 4, 1603 01658-03-02 March 2, 1658 19,965 &1000000000000005400000054 years, &10000000000000241000000241 days
Ernst I Saxe-Altenburg 01853-08-03 August 3, 1853 01908-02-07 February 7, 1908 19,910 &1000000000000005400000054 years, &10000000000000188000000188 days
Heinrich IV Mecklenburg-Schwerin (HRE) 01422-10-16 October 16, 1422 01477-03-09 March 9, 1477 19,868 &1000000000000005400000054 years, &10000000000000144000000144 days
Tuanku Syed Putra ibni Syed Hassan Jamalullail Perlis (Malaysia) 01945-12-04 December 4, 1945 02000-04-16 April 16, 2000 19,857 &1000000000000005400000054 years, &10000000000000134000000134 days
Friedrich Magnus I Solms-Wildenfels (HRE) 01746-10-07 October 7, 1746 01801-02-12 February 12, 1801 19,851 &1000000000000005400000054 years, &10000000000000128000000128 days
Ishwari Prasad Narayan Singh Benares (India) 01835-04-04 April 4, 1835 01889-06-13 June 13, 1889 19,794 &1000000000000005400000054 years, &1000000000000007000000070 days
Josef Franz Ernst Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen (HRE) 01715-10-20 October 20, 1715 01769-12-08 December 8, 1769 19,773 &1000000000000005400000054 years, &1000000000000004900000049 days
Wilhelm Brunswick 01830-09-10 September 10, 1830 01884-10-18 October 18, 1884 19,762 &1000000000000005400000054 years, &1000000000000003800000038 days
Heinrich V Brunswick-Lüneburg (HRE) 01514-06-23 June 23, 1514 01568-06-11 June 11, 1568 19,712 &1000000000000005300000053 years, &10000000000000354000000354 days
Maximilian I Bavaria (HRE) 01597-10-15 October 15, 1597 01651-09-27 September 27, 1651 19,705 &1000000000000005300000053 years, &10000000000000347000000347 days
Johann Ernst Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (HRE) 01675-03-26 March 26, 1675 01729-02-17 February 17, 1729 19,686 &1000000000000005300000053 years, &10000000000000328000000328 days
Henry III Limburg (HRE) 01167-08-10 August 10, 1167 01221-06-21 June 21, 1221 19,674 &1000000000000005300000053 years, &10000000000000315000000315 days
Johann Nassau-Wiesbaden-Idstein (HRE) 01426-07-26 July 26, 1426 01480-05-09 May 9, 1480 19,646 &1000000000000005300000053 years, &10000000000000288000000288 days
Leopold IV Anhalt-Dessau 01817-08-09 August 9, 1817 01871-05-22 May 22, 1871 19,644 &1000000000000005300000053 years, &10000000000000286000000286 days
Maximilian Wunibald[18] Waldburg (HRE) 01663-07-13 July 13, 1663 01717-04-16 April 16, 1717 19,635 &1000000000000005300000053 years, &10000000000000277000000277 days
Leopold I Anhalt-Dessau (HRE) 01693-08-07 August 7, 1693 01747-04-07 April 7, 1747 19,600 &1000000000000005300000053 years, &10000000000000243000000243 days
Friedrich Ludwig Castell-Rüdenhausen (HRE) 01749-06-23 June 23, 1749 01803-02-07 February 7, 1803 19,586 &1000000000000005300000053 years, &10000000000000229000000229 days
Ferdinand Ludwig Waldburg-Wolfegg (HRE) 01681-08-21 August 21, 1681 01735-04-06 April 6, 1735 19,585 &1000000000000005300000053 years, &10000000000000228000000228 days
Tuanku Abdul Halim Muadzam Shah Kedah (Malaysia) 01958-07-15 July 15, 1958 present 19,555 &1000000000000005300000053 years, &10000000000000197000000197 days
Cosimo III de' Medici Tuscany 01670-05-23 May 23, 1670 01723-10-31 October 31, 1723 19,518 &1000000000000005300000053 years, &10000000000000161000000161 days
Bernhard Carinthia (HRE) 01202-08-02 August 2, 1202 01256-01-05 January 5, 1256 19,514 &1000000000000005300000053 years, &10000000000000156000000156 days
Hugues IV Burgundy (HRE) 01218-07-06 July 6, 1218 01271-10-27 October 27, 1271 19,471 &1000000000000005300000053 years, &10000000000000113000000113 days
Gottfried Oettingen-Oettingen (HRE) 01569-10-01 October 1, 1569 01622-09-07 September 7, 1622 19,334 &1000000000000005200000052 years, &10000000000000341000000341 days
Fulk III Anjou 00987-07-21 July 21, 987 01040-06-21 June 21, 1040 19,328 &1000000000000005200000052 years, &10000000000000336000000336 days
Wilhelm I/V[19] Jülich-Cleves-Berg (HRE) 01539-02-06 February 6, 1539 01592-01-05 January 5, 1592 19,326 &1000000000000005200000052 years, &10000000000000333000000333 days
Hermann V Baden-Baden (HRE) 01190-09-13 September 13, 1190 01243-01-16 January 16, 1243 19,118 &1000000000000005200000052 years, &10000000000000125000000125 days
Otto II Brunswick-Lüneburg (HRE) 01277-12-13 December 13, 1277 01330-04-10 April 10, 1330 19,110 &1000000000000005200000052 years, &10000000000000118000000118 days
Guillaume II[20] Normandy 01035-07-03 July 3, 1035 01087-09-09 September 9, 1087 19,061 &1000000000000005200000052 years, &1000000000000006800000068 days
Emich XI Leiningen-Dagsburg (HRE) 01541-01-10 January 10, 1541 01593-03-12 March 12, 1593 19,054 &1000000000000005200000052 years, &1000000000000006100000061 days
Ferdinand Maximilian II Isenburg-Wächtersbach (HRE) 01703-03-14 March 14, 1703 01755-04-21 April 21, 1755 19,031 &1000000000000005200000052 years, &1000000000000003800000038 days
Christian Brandenburg-Bayreuth (HRE) 01603-04-25 April 25, 1603 01655-05-30 May 30, 1655 19,028 &1000000000000005200000052 years, &1000000000000003500000035 days
Wilhelm the Elder[21] Waldburg-Trauchburg (HRE) 01505-02-11 February 11, 1505 01557-03-17 March 17, 1557 19,027 &1000000000000005200000052 years, &1000000000000003400000034 days
Tahmasp I Persian Empire, Safavid Dynasty 01524-05-23 May 23, 1524 01576-05-14 May 14, 1576 18,984 &1000000000000005100000051 years, &10000000000000357000000357 days
Haakon VII Norway 01905-11-18 November 18, 1905 01957-09-21 September 21, 1957 18,935 &1000000000000005100000051 years, &10000000000000307000000307 days
Friedrich Franz I Mecklenburg-Schwerin 01785-04-24 April 24, 1785 01837-02-01 February 1, 1837 18,910 &1000000000000005100000051 years, &10000000000000283000000283 days
Frédéric III Lorraine (HRE) 01251-06-24 June 24, 1251 01302-12-31 December 31, 1302 18,817 &1000000000000005100000051 years, &10000000000000190000000190 days
Yeongjo Joseon (Korea) 01724-08-30 August 30, 1724 01776-03-05 March 5, 1776 18,815 &1000000000000005100000051 years, &10000000000000188000000188 days
Franz Albrecht I Oettingen-Spielberg (HRE) 01685-08-10 August 10, 1685 01737-02-03 February 3, 1737 18,804 &1000000000000005100000051 years, &10000000000000177000000177 days
Henry IV Germany (HRE) 01054-07-17 July 17, 1054 01105-12-31 December 31, 1105 18,794 &1000000000000005100000051 years, &10000000000000167000000167 days
Karl Wilhelm Anhalt-Zerbst (HRE) 01667-07-04 July 4, 1667 01718-11-03 November 3, 1718 18,749 &1000000000000005100000051 years, &10000000000000122000000122 days
Franz Joseph II Liechtenstein 01938-07-25 July 25, 1938 01989-11-13 November 13, 1989 18,739 &1000000000000005100000051 years, &10000000000000111000000111 days
Karl I Hohenzollern (HRE) 01525-01-15 January 15, 1525 01576-03-18 March 18, 1576 18,690 &1000000000000005100000051 years, &1000000000000006300000063 days
Friedrich I Baden 01856-09-05 September 5, 1856 01907-09-28 September 28, 1907 18,649 &1000000000000005100000051 years, &1000000000000002300000023 days
Johann Reinhard III Hanau-Lichtenberg (HRE) 01685-03-30 March 30, 1685 01736-03-28 March 28, 1736 18,625 &1000000000000005000000050 years, &10000000000000364000000364 days
Pedro IV Aragon (Spain) 01336-01-24 January 24, 1336 01387-01-06 January 6, 1387 18,610 &1000000000000005000000050 years, &10000000000000347000000347 days
Jeanne Brabant (HRE) 01355-12-05 December 5, 1355 01406-11-01 November 1, 1406 18,593 &1000000000000005000000050 years, &10000000000000331000000331 days
Sigismund Hungary 01387-03-31 March 31, 1387 01437-12-09 December 9, 1437 18,515 &1000000000000005000000050 years, &10000000000000253000000253 days
Pōmare IV Tahiti 01827-01-11 January 11, 1827 01877-09-17 September 17, 1877 18,512 &1000000000000005000000050 years, &10000000000000249000000249 days
Simon VI Lippe (HRE) 01563-04-15 April 15, 1563 01613-12-07 December 7, 1613 18,499 &1000000000000005000000050 years, &10000000000000236000000236 days
Mwambutsa IV Burundi 01915-12-16 December 16, 1915 01966-07-08 July 8, 1966 18,467 &1000000000000005000000050 years, &10000000000000204000000204 days
Ernst Wilhelm Bentheim-Steinfurt (HRE) 01643-02-10 February 10, 1643 01693-08-26 August 26, 1693 18,460 &1000000000000005000000050 years, &10000000000000197000000197 days
Edward III England 01327-01-25 January 25, 1327 01377-06-21 June 21, 1377 18,410 &1000000000000005000000050 years, &10000000000000147000000147 days
Ivan IV Russia 01533-12-03 December 3, 1533 01584-03-18 March 18, 1584 18,378 &1000000000000005000000050 years, &10000000000000116000000116 days
Karl III Ortenburg-Neuortenburg (HRE) 01725-12-04 December 4, 1725 01776-03-01 March 1, 1776 18,367 &1000000000000005000000050 years, &10000000000000105000000105 days
Johann Ernst[22] Waldburg-Trauchburg (HRE) 01636-11-17 November 17, 1636 01687-02-08 February 8, 1687 18,345 &1000000000000005000000050 years, &1000000000000008300000083 days
Karl Friedrich Isenburg-Meerholz (HRE) 01724-02-11 February 11, 1724 01774-03-14 March 14, 1774 18,294 &1000000000000005000000050 years, &1000000000000003100000031 days
Ludwig Eberhard Hohenlohe-Pfedelbach (HRE) 01600-10-22 October 22, 1600 01650-11-01 November 1, 1650 18,272 &1000000000000005000000050 years, &1000000000000001000000010 days

[edit] Monarchs whose exact dates of rule are unknown

  • Note: These monarchs are grouped according to length of reign by year in whole numbers. Within each year-grouping, they appear in historical order. In a given year, there may have been a wide array of actual reign lengths based on days. As such, this table does not present a pure ranking of monarchs.
Name Country Reign Duration (approx. years)
from to
Pepi II Neferkare[23][24] Ancient Egypt -7721 2278 BC -7815 2184 BC 94 years (disputed)
Taejo Goguryeo (Korea) 00053 53 00146 146 93 years (disputed)
Ermanaric the Ostrogoth Oium 00196 196 00276 276 80 years (disputed)
Jangsu Goguryeo (Korea) 00413 413 00491 491 78 years
Johann Philipp[25] Stadion (HRE) 01666 1666 01741 1741 75 years
Wilhelm I Sayn-Wittgenstein (HRE) 01494 1494 01568 1568 74 years
Fazl Ali Khan II Bahadur Banganapalle (India) 01686 1686 01759 1759 73 years
Triệu Vũ Vương Triệu Dynasty (Ancient Viet Nam) -9792 207 BC -9863 136 BC 71 years
Simon I Lippe (HRE) 01273 1273 01344 1344 71 years
Heinrich VIII Fürstenberg-Wolfach (HRE) 01419 1419 01490-11-30 November 30, 1490 71 years
Pandukabhaya Anuradhapura (Sri Lanka) -9562 437 BC -9632 367 BC 70 years
Shapur II[26] Persian Empire, Sassanid Dynasty 00309 309 00379 379 70 years
Ponhea Yat Khmer Empire 01393 1393 01463 1463 70 years
Johann Ulrich Stadion (HRE) 01530 1530 01600 1600 70 years
Huan Qi (China) -9363 636 BC -9432 567 BC 69 years
Tshudpud Namgyal Sikkim (India) 01793 1793 01863 1863 69 years
Alberto Azzo II Milan 01029 1029 01097-08-20 August 20, 1097 68 years
Louis XIII Oettingen-Wallerstein (HRE) 01449 1449 01517 1517 68 years
Sultan Muhammad Jiwa Zainal Adilin II Kedah (Malaysia) 01710 1710 01778 1778 68 years
Johann III Sponheim-Starkenburg (HRE) 01331 1331 01398 1398 67 years
Al-Marhum Perbaungang Serdang (Sumatra) 01879 1879 01946 1946 67 years
Ramesses II Ancient Egypt -8720 1279 BC -8786 1213 BC 66 years
Zhao Song (China) -9531 468 BC -9595 404 BC 64 years
Amoghavarsha Rashtrakuta Empire 00814 814 00878 878 64 years
Friedrich IV Castell (HRE) 01285 1285 01349 1349 64 years
Zhuang Qi (China) -9205 794 BC -9268 731 BC 63 years
Friedrich II Salm-Neuweiler (HRE) 01610 1610 01673 1673 63 years
Johann Friedrich II Hohenlohe-Neuenstein-Öhringen (HRE) 01702 1702 01765 1765 63 years
Nicolas Leopold I Salm-Hoogstraat (HRE) 01707 1707 01770 1770 63 years
Philipp Ernst Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst (HRE) 01697 1697 01759 1759 62 years
Karl Sayn-Wittgenstein-Sayn-Altenkirchen (HRE) 01741 1741 01803 1803 62 years
Franz Wilhelm Salm-Reifferscheid-Krautheim (HRE) 01673 1673 01734 1734 61 years
Cynan Garwyn Powys c.550 c.610 c. 60 years
Aescwine Kingdom of Essex 527 587 c. 60 years
Pawl Glywysing c.480 540 c. 60 years
Mutasiva Anuradhapura (Sri Lanka) -9632 367 BC -9692 307 BC 60 years
Sophie Bar (HRE) 01033 1033 01093 1093 60 years
Friedrich I Salm-Blankenburg (HRE) 01210 1210 01270 1270 60 years
Heinrich III Henneberg-Aschach-Römhild (HRE) 01292 1292 01352 1352 60 years
Heinrich II Salm-Blankenburg (HRE) 01301 1301 01361 1361 60 years
Otto I Solms-Braunfels (HRE) 01349 1349 01409 1409 60 years
Ludwig Salm-Blankenburg (HRE) 01443 1443 01503 1503 60 years
Mayadunne Sitawaka (Sri Lanka) 01521 1521 01581 1581 60 years
Vanghoji II Jagpalrao Nimbalkar Phaltan (India) 01570 1570 01630 1630 60 years
Hu Chen (China) -8954 1045 BC -9013 986 BC 59 years
Guilhem III Toulouse 00978 978 01037 1037 59 years
Otto I Salm-Kyrburg (HRE) 01548-10 October 1548 01607-06-07 June 7, 1607 59 years
Nan Zhou (China) -9685 314 BC -9743 256 BC 58 years
Harald I Norway 00872 872 00930 930 58 years
Heinrich II Baden-Hachberg (HRE) 01231 1231 01289 1289 58 years
Heinrich V Henneberg-Schleusingen (HRE) 01347 1347 01405 1405 58 years
Nikolaus III Tecklenburg (HRE) 01450 1450 01508 1508 58 years
Muhammad Shafi ud-din II Sambas (Borneo) 01866 1866 01924 1924 58 years
Maredydd ap Rhain Dyfed 740 797 c. 57 years
Jing Qi (China) -9452 547 BC -9509 490 BC 57 years
Mithridates VI Pontus -9879 120 BC -9936 63 BC 57 years
Roger II Foix (France) 01067 1067 01124 1124 57 years
Bernhard I Bentheim-Bentheim (HRE) 01364 1364 01421 1421 57 years
Yi Hham Hka Kengtung (Burma) 01403 1403 01460 1460 57 years
Ernst II Oettingen-Wallerstein (HRE) 01613 1613[27] 01670-03-03 March 3, 1670 57 years
Sourigna Vongsa Lan Xang (Laos) 01637 1637 01694 1694 57 years
Johannes Waldburg-Waldsee (HRE) 01667 1667 01724 1724 57 years
Adolf Ludwig Wilhelm Sayn-Wittgenstein-Karlsburg (HRE) 01749 1749 01806 1806 57 years
Gruffydd ap Cynan Kingdom of Gwynedd 1081 1137 c. 56 years
Zhaoxiang Qin (China) -9693 306 BC -9749 250 BC 56 years
Mun Balhae (Korea) 00737 737 00793 793 56 years
Eberhard III Nordgau (Alsace) 00864 864 00920 920 56 years
Berthold IV Henneberg-Schleusingen (HRE) 01284 1284 01340 1340 56 years
Mwezi IV Burundi 01852 1852 01908 1908 56 years
Sargon Akkadian Empire (Iraq) -7729 2270 BC -7784 2215 BC 55 years
Mu Zhou (China) -9022 977 BC -9077 922 BC 55 years
Manasseh Judah (Israel) -9302 697 BC -9357 642 BC 55 years
Vijayabahu I Polonnaruwa (Sri Lanka) 01056 1056 01111 1111 55 years
Lý Nhân Tông Lý Dynasty (Viet Nam) 01072 1072 01127 1127 55 years
Alaungsithu Pagan (Burma) 01112 1112 01167 1167 55 years
Heinrich II Hoya (HRE) 01235 1235 01290 1290 55 years
Parâkramabâhu VI Kotte (Sri Lanka) 01412 1412 01467 1467 55 years
Eberhard I[28] Waldburg-Sonnenburg (HRE) 01424 1424 01479-09-22 September 22, 1479 55 years
Nguyễn Hoàng Nguyễn Lords (Viet Nam) 01558 1558 01613 1613 55 years
Pangeran Ratu Banten (Java) 01596 1596 01651 1651 55 years
Ismail Morocco 01672 1672 01727 1727 55 years
Janoji Nimbalkar Phaltan 01693 1693 01748 1748 55 years
Karl Wilhelm Sayn-Wittgenstein-Karlsburg (HRE) 01694 1694 01749 1749 55 years
Thutmose III Ancient Egypt -8520 1479 BC -8574 1425 BC 54 years
Wu Wei (China) -9187 812 BC -9241 758 BC 54 years
Psamtik I Ancient Egypt -9335 664 BC -9389 610 BC 54 years
Wu Han (China) -9858 141 BC -9912 87 BC 54 years
Renzong Western Xia (China) 01139 1139 01193 1193 54 years
Heinrich III Solms-Braunfels (HRE) 01258 1258 01312 1312 54 years
Jean I Armagnac (France) 01319 1319 01373-05-16 May 16, 1373 54 years
Johann VI Salm-Badenweiler (HRE) 01451 1451 01505 1505 54 years
Magdalena Christina Sayn-Wittgenstein-Hachenburg (HRE) 01661 1661 01715 1715 54 years
Ferdinand Ludwig Waldburg-Wolfegg (HRE) 01681 1681 01735 1735 54 years
Kejeruan Junjungan Serdang (Sumatra) 01728 1728 01782 1782 54 years
Ntare IV Burundi 01796 1796 01850 1850 54 years
Hkun Yon Mong Pai (Burma) 01836-07 July 1836 01891-02 February 1891 54 years
Jinpyeong Silla (Korea) 00579 579 00632 632 53 years
Chongzong Western Xia (China) 01086 1086 01139 1139 53 years
Henry IV Luxembourg (HRE) 01136 1136 01189 1189 53 years
Heinrich III Upper Salm (HRE) 01240 1240 01293 1293 53 years
Heinrich II Castell Elder Line (HRE) 01254 1254 01307 1307 53 years
Johann II Holstein-Kiel (HRE) 01263 1263 01316 1316 53 years
Engelbert Sayn-Homburg (HRE) 01283 1283 01336 1336 53 years
Sao Nam Nam Kengtung 01364 1364 01417 1417 53 years
Diether I Isenburg-Büdingen (HRE) 01408 1408 01461-11-20 November 20, 1461 53 years
Wilhelm II Castell (HRE) 01426 1426 01479 1479 53 years
Johanette Sayn-Wittgenstein-Sayn-Altenkirchen (HRE) 01648 1648 01701-09-28 September 28, 1701 53 years
Sao Yun Yawnghwe (Burma) 01762 1762 01815 1815 53 years
Shrinivasrao Parashuram Aundh 01848-06-11 June 11, 1848 01901 1901 53 years
Bimbisara Magadha Empire -9456 543 BC -9508 491 BC 52 years
Fan Yi Champa 00284 284 00336 336 52 years
Guillaume III Alençon 01119 1119 01171 1171 52 years
Rapoto I Ortenburg (HRE) 01134 1134 01186 1186 52 years
Henry I Brabant (HRE) 01183 1183 01235-09-05 September 5, 1235 52 years
Johann VIII Salm-Badenweiler (HRE) 01548 1548 01600 1600 52 years
Muhammad Dipatuan Kudarat Maguindanao (Philippines) 01619 1619 01671 1671 52 years
Rajasinghe II Kandy (Sri Lanka) 01635 1635 01687 1687 52 years
Lone Horn Lakota 01823 1823 01875-10-15 October 15, 1875 52 years
Azad Khan Kharan (Pakistan) 01833 1833 01885 1885 52 years
Uzziah Judah (Israel) -9208 791 BC -9259 740 BC 52 years
Hui Wei (China) -9629 370 BC -9680 319 BC 51 years
Alfonso II Asturias (Spain) 00791 791 00842 842 51 years
Vinayaditya Hoysala Empire 01047 1047 01098 1098 51 years
Sizzo III Schwarzburg (HRE) 01109 1109 01160-06-19 June 19, 1160 51 years
Balduin IV Hainaut (HRE) 01120 1120 01171-11-08 November 8, 1171 51 years
Adolf I Mark (HRE) 01198 1198 01249-06-28 June 28, 1249 51 years
Robert II Artois (France) 01250-09 September 1250 01302-07-11 July 11, 1302 51 years
Hermann III Henneberg-Aschach-Römhild (HRE) 01352 1352 01403 1403 51 years
Froben Ferdinand Fürstenberg-Messkirch (HRE) 01684 1684 01735 1735 51 years
Duhaga Bunyoro (Uganda) 01731 1731 01782 1782 51 years
Franz Wenzel Salm-Reifferscheid-Hainsbach (HRE) 01760 1760 01811 1811 51 years
Alphonsus Adrianus (Nai Kau Sonbai) Sonbai Besar (West Timor) 01768 1768 01819 1819 51 years
Tun Ali bin Tun Koris Pahang (Malaysia) 01806 1806 01857 1857 51 years
Pantsachiv Shankarrao Chimnajirao Bhor (India) 01871-02-12 February 12, 1871 01922-07 July 1922 51 years
Mentuhotep II Ancient Egypt -7939 2060 BC -7989 2010 BC 50 years
Hantili II Hittite Empire -8499 1500 BC -8549 1450 BC 50 years
Brahmāthat Ancient Chanthaburi (Thailand) -9143 856 BC -9193 806 BC 50 years
Ping China (Zhou Dynasty) -9229 770 BC -9279 720 BC 50 years
Wen Zou (China) -9334 665 BC -9384 615 BC 50 years
Xiang Zhao (China) -9524 475 BC -9574 425 BC 50 years
Xuan Qi (China) -9544 455 BC -9594 405 BC 50 years
An Dương Vương Thục Dynasty (Ancient Viet Nam) -9742 257 BC -9792 207 BC 50 years
Bhavavarman I Khmer Empire 00550 550 00600 600 50 years
Arechis I Benevento (Italy) 00591 591 00641 641 50 years
Shengzong Liao Dynasty (China) 00981 981 01031 1031 50 years
Kulothunga Chola I Chola Dynasty (India) 01070 1070 01120 1120 50 years
Hermann II Salm (HRE) 01088 1088 01138 1138 50 years
Géraud III Armagnac (France) 01110 1110 01160 1160 50 years
Salentin IV Nieder-Isenburg (HRE) 01370 1370 01420 1420 50 years
Friedrich III Fürstenberg-Baar (HRE) 01509 1509 01559 1559 50 years
August Anhalt-Plötzkau (HRE) 01603 1603 01653-08-22 August 22, 1653 50 years
Ludwig Wilhelm August Egon Fürstenberg-Weitra (HRE) 01709 1709 01759-11-10 November 10, 1759 50 years
Janrao II Nimbalkar Phaltan 01777 1777 01827 1827 50 years
Sao Kin Maung Möngmit (Burma) 01887 1887 01937 1937 50 years

[edit] See also

[edit] Notes

  1. ^ He was proclaimed king at the age of four months, and his grandmother, Labotsibeni Mdluli, acted as regent until 22 December 1921: Swaziland National Trust Commission website, retrieved 29 August 2008. TheRoyalist.net takes the date of succession as the date on which his grandmother handed over the royal duties to him, not when he was proclaimed king.
  2. ^ Heinrich XI succeeded to the throne as Count of Reuss-Obergreiz in 1723 on the death of his brother, Heinrich IX (all male members of the family were named Heinrich in order of birth, even across cousins). In 1778 he became the first Prince of Reuss Elder Line. German Wikipedia: Heinrich XI. (Reuß-Greiz)
  3. ^ Count Johann Ludwig was born posthumously, after the death of his father Count Johann II on July 25, 1472; he succeeded to the throne at birth.
  4. ^ also a long-serving Holy Roman Emperor as Friedrich III
  5. ^ [1]
  6. ^ New Zealand administered Western Samoa first as a League of Nations Mandate and then as a United Nations trusteeship until the country received its independence on 1 January 1962 as Western Samoa.
  7. ^ Also known as Eleanor of Aquitaine, Aliénor was Duchess of Aquitaine in her own right, although medieval law dictated that her various husbands (Louis VII of France, Henry II of England) and sons (Richard I and John of England) reign with her jointly.
  8. ^ Merged his state into the United State of Kathiawad on 15 February 1948, but lived until 28 June 1954
  9. ^ Philipp II ruled as co-ruler with his brother till 1442 when they divided their inheritances.
  10. ^ [2]
  11. ^ Served as Regent for his father the Taishō Emperor from 29 November 1921 until his formal accession.
  12. ^ His father died in his early twenties, and as Kangxi was not able to rule in his minority, the Emperor Shunzhi appointed Sonin, Suksaha, Ebilun, and Oboi as the Four Regents. Sonin died soon after his granddaughter was made the Empress, Heseli, leaving Suksaha at odds with Oboi politically. In a fierce power struggle, Oboi had Suksaha put to death, and seized absolute power as sole Regent. For a while Kangxi and the Court accepted this arrangement. In 1669 the Emperor arrested Oboi with help from the Grand Dowager Empress Xiao Zhuang and began to take control of the country himself.
  13. ^ Ulrich V was Count of all Württemberg until its partition between Württemberg-Urach and Württemberg-Stuttgart in 1442. He continued as Count of the latter branch until his death in 1480.
  14. ^ Indonesian wikipedia: Pakubuwana_XII
  15. ^ Johann Jakob I succeeded as Truchsess (Archsteward), and was raised to the rank of Graf (Count) in 1628.
  16. ^ Al-Mustansir Billah had the longest recorded reign of any Muslim ruler, according to his biographical entry in the Encyclopaedia of Islam, written by H. A. R. Gibb and Paul Kraus (see online version).
  17. ^ Al-Sabah Dynasty
  18. ^ German Wikipedia: Haus Waldburg
  19. ^ Wilhelm "The Rich" was Wilhelm I of Cleves and Wilhelm V of Jülich-Berg.
  20. ^ Guillaume II (or William II) was better known, from 1066, as William I "The Conqueror" of England.
  21. ^ German Wikipedia: Wilhelm der Ältere von Waldburg-Trauchburg
  22. ^ German Wikipedia: Haus Waldburg
  23. ^ Pepi II's figure has been disputed by some Egyptologists who favour a shorter reign length of 64 years, given the absence of attested dates known for Pepi after his 31st Count, which would equate to 62 years assuming the count to be biennial.
  24. ^ Japanese legendary emperors, according to the ancient Japanese calendar, ruled for very long terms of 60-70 years each. The longest ruler of the legendary emperors, Emperor Kōan, was claimed to have ruled for about 101 years. These figures are not included in the table because they are regarded as inaccurate by modern scholars.
  25. ^ Johann Philipp succeeded to the Lordship of Stadion at age 14 in 1666, was raised to Baron in 1686 and Reichsgraf (Count) in 1704.
  26. ^ Shapur II was crowned in utero: the crown was placed upon his mother's belly. This child, named Shapur, was therefore born king; the government was conducted by his mother and the magnates.
  27. ^ Ernst II ruled jointly with Friedrich VIII in the years 1602-13, but then ruled for 57 years as sole monarch.
  28. ^ German Wikipedia: Grafschaft Sonnenberg
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