These are lists of the world's most expensive cities for expatriate employees (not residents), according to the Mercer,[1] Economist Intelligence Unit[2] and ECA International[3] cost-of-living surveys. Other surveys from online collaborative indices, such as Numbeo,[4] Expatistan[5] or Eardex[6] are not covered by this article.
Various factors enter into a city's cost-of-living for expatriate employees, such as monetary value, consumer confidence, investment, interest rates, exchange rates of the country's currency, and housing costs. This list does not account for cost-of-living savings accrued to local citizens through government-subsidized housing, health care, and education, differences in taxation, and many other factors irrelevant to expatriates. Cost of living may be much higher for expatriates than for local residents in a developing country, especially if expatriates expect a standard of living similar to a developed country.
Economist Intelligence Unit [edit]
The Economist Intelligence Unit's Worldwide Cost of Living ranking[2] is based on price data that are adjusted for recent exchange-rate movements. The price of housing, generally the largest cost of living, is not included as this tends to be provided by the company and does not factor in adjusting the salary of the expatriate employee.
Mercer [edit]
Mercer's Cost of Living surveys are taken in March of each year.
The survey covers 214 cities around the world and measures the comparative cost of over 200 items in each location, including housing, transport, food, clothing, household goods and entertainment. It is designed to help multinational companies and governments determine compensation allowances for their expatriate employees. New York is used as the base city and all other cities are compared against New York. The cost of housing plays an important part in determining where cities are ranked.
Two main factors determine a city’s ranking in Mercer’s survey - the relative strength of the relevant currency against the US dollar over the prior 12 months and price movements over the prior 12 months compared to those in New York City as the base.
ECA International [edit]
Every March and September, ECA International calculates the cost of living for expatriates in almost 400 cities. The survey does not include certain living costs such as accommodation, utilities (electricity, gas, water costs), car purchase and school fees. These are usually compensated for separately in expatriate packages from cost of living allowances.
See also [edit]
References [edit]
- ^ "Mercer's 2012 Cost of Living Survey City Rankings – Global Overview". Mercer. June 12, 2012. Retrieved January 25, 2013.
- ^ a b "Worldwide Cost of Living 2013: Which city is the most expensive to live in? Which city is the cheapest?". Economist Intelligence Unit. February 2013. Retrieved January 25, 2013.
- ^ a b "Australian cities remain among the most expensive in the world for expatriates despite smaller price increases this year". ECA International. December 18, 2012. Retrieved January 25, 2013.
- ^ "Cost of Living Index for 2012". Numbeo. Retrieved January 25, 2013.
- ^ "Expatistan Cost of Living Index". Expatistan. Retrieved January 25, 2013.
- ^ Eardex. Retrieved January 25, 2013.
- ^ a b Dowling, Jason (February 4, 2013). "What are the most expensive cities to live in?". CNN Travel. Retrieved February 5, 2013.
- ^ https://www.eiu.com/public/topical_report.aspx?campaignid=WCol2013
- ^ "Worldwide Cost of Living Survey 2012 – City Ranking". Mercer. June 12, 2012. Retrieved January 25, 2013.
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Japan[8]
Australia
Norway
Singapore
Switzerland
France
Venezuela
Pakistan
India
Nepal
Algeria
Romania
Sri Lanka
Panama
Saudi Arabia
Iran.jpg)
Angola
Russia
Chad
Hong Kong
Papua New Guinea
South Sudan
Denmark
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Sweden
