List of the oldest newspapers

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A 1609 title page of the German Relation, the world's first newspaper (first published in 1605)[1]
A 2000 German postage stamp commemorating the 350th anniversary of Einkommende Zeitungen, the first daily newspaper.

This list of the oldest newspapers sorts the newspapers of the world by the date of their first publication. The earliest newspapers date to 17th-century Europe when printed periodicals rapidly began to replace hand-written news letters. The emergence of the new media branch has to be seen in close connection with the simultaneous spread of the printing press from which the publishing press derives it name.[2]

Contents

By region [edit]

Europe [edit]

Avisa Relation oder Zeitung, the second oldest newspaper
Ordinari Post Tijdender, the world's oldest newspaper still published (since 1645).
Date Newspaper Language Place Country/Region Notes
1605[3] Relation aller Fürnemmen und gedenckwürdigen Historien German Straßburg Holy Roman Empire World's first newspaper[1]
1609[3] Avisa Relation oder Zeitung German Wolfenbüttel Holy Roman Empire
1610[3] Name not given in source German Basel Swiss Confederacy[4]
1615[3] Name not given in source German Frankfurt Holy Roman Empire
1617[3] Name not given in source German Berlin Holy Roman Empire
1618[3] Courante uyt Italien, Duytslandt, &c. Dutch Amsterdam Dutch Republic [5] Considered the world's first broadsheet because it was published in folio instead of quarto-size size. Defunct 1664
1620 Nieuwe Tijdinghen Dutch Antwerp Spanish Netherlands Defunct 1629
1631[6][7] La Gazette French Paris France First French-speaking newspaper and first weekly magazine published in France. It existed between May 30, 1631 and September 30, 1915.[6]
1645 Ordinari Post Tijdender Swedish Stockholm Sweden Oldest still published newspaper in the world.[8] Currently online-only.
1656[9] Weeckelycke Courante van Europa Dutch Haarlem Dutch Republic The name was changed to Oprechte Haerlemsche Courant in 1664. The newspaper merged with the Haarlems Dagblad in 1942, which is still published.
1661[10] La Gazeta Spanish Madrid Kingdom of Spain Oldest print edition still published in the world, under the name "Boletín Oficial del Estado".
1661[9] Merkuriusz Polski Ordynaryjny Polish Kraków Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Moved to Warsaw in May 1661, last issues published 22 July 1661.
1664 Gazzetta di Mantova Italian Mantua Province of Mantua Oldest private newspaper still published in the world.
1665[11] Oxford Gazette English Oxford England From issue 24 in 1666, the paper was printed in London and renamed London Gazette;[12] this is still published.
1702 Vedomosti Russian Moscow Russia Moved to St. Petersburg in 1711, in 1728 renamed Sankt-Petersburgskie Vedomosti, in 1914 renamed Petrogradskie Vedomosti. Last issue in 1917.
1703 Wiener Zeitung German Vienna Austria still published
1705 Hildesheimer Relations-Courier German Hildesheim Germany Oldest surviving newspaper in Germany, nowadays published as Hildesheimer Allgemeine Zeitung
1737 The Belfast News Letter English Belfast Kingdom of Ireland Still published - oldest English-language daily newspaper still in existence
1738[13] Feuille d’Avis de Neuchâtel French Neuchâtel Swiss Confederacy Still published - oldest French-language daily newspaper still in existence
1747 The Press and Journal English Aberdeen United Kingdom Still published
1749 Berlingske Tidende Danish Copenhagen Denmark–Norway Still published. Originally titled Kjøbenhavnske Danske Post-Tidender and, as of 2011, published as Berlingske
1752 Leeuwarder Courant Dutch Leeuwarden The Netherlands Still published. Originally titled Leeuwarder Saturdagse Courant. The newspaper also publish articles in Frisian.
1767 Adresseavisen Norwegian Trondheim Denmark–Norway Still published. Originally titled Kongelig allene privilegerede Trondheims Adresse-Contoirs Efterretninger
1783 The Herald English Glasgow United Kingdom Still published
1785 The Times English London United Kingdom Still published
1791 The Observer English London United Kingdom The world's first Sunday newspaper. Still published.
1817 The Scotsman English Edinburgh United Kingdom Still published
1821 The Guardian English Manchester United Kingdom Originally known as 'The Manchester Guardian'. Still published.
1826 Le Figaro French Paris France Still published
1835 O Açoriano Oriental Portuguese Ponta Delgada, Azores Portugal Still published[14]
1844 Nieuwe Rotterdamsche Courant Dutch Rotterdam The Netherlands Still published. The Nieuwe Rotterdamsche Courant (NRC) merged in 1970 with Algemeen Handelsblad (founded in 1828) into the NRC Handelsblad.
1863 Church Times English London England Still published.[15] The Church Times is an independent Anglican weekly newspaper.
1881 The Evening News English London England Considered the first popular newspaper in London. Published until 1980, and briefly again in 1987.
1891 Gazet van Antwerpen Dutch Antwerp Flanders, Belgium Still published
1893 Lidove Noviny Czech Brno Lands of the Bohemian Crown It is the first printed newspaper in the Czech language in the historical lands of Bohemia, Moravia, and Silesia during the Habsburg Monarchy period (1526 - 1918). The newspaper is still published today in Prague the Czech Republic, familiarly known as Lidovky.
1893 De Telegraaf Dutch Amsterdam The Netherlands Still published. It is the largest newspaper in The Netherlands.
1896 Daily Mail English London England Second popular newspaper by Lord Northcliffe. Considered to have brought on a major change in the English newspaper market[16] and started the trend for popular mass journalism.[17] Still published.

Americas [edit]

First issue of the New England Courant, the oldest newspaper in the Americas
First edition of Diario de Pernambuco, the oldest continuously circulating daily in Latin America (since 1825)
Date Newspaper Language Place Country/Region Notes
1704 The Boston News-Letter English Boston, Massachusetts Thirteen Colonies Defunct
1721 The New-England Courant English Boston, Massachusetts Thirteen Colonies Defunct
1722 La Gaceta de México Spanish Mexico City New Spain Defunct; first paper published in Latin America
1752 Halifax Gazette English City of Halifax, Nova Scotia British North America Defunct; first paper in Canada
1756 The New Hampshire Gazette English New Hampshire Thirteen Colonies Still published; oldest extant North American paper
1764 Quebec Chronicle-Telegraph English
Formerly bilingual French-English		 Québec, Quebec British North America Still published; oldest surviving North American paper with continuous corporate existence
1764 The Hartford Courant English Hartford, Connecticut Thirteen Colonies Still published
1778 The Montreal Gazette English since 1822
(Formerly French, it became bilingual French-English in the late 1700s)		 Montreal Province of Quebec Still published
1785 The Augusta Chronicle English Augusta, Georgia United States Still published
1785 The Poughkeepsie Journal English Poughkeepsie, New York United States Still Published. In 1788, the editor of the Journal was the official reporter of the ratification of the United States Constitution by New York in that year. The paper also served as a launching point of stories during the Franklin D. Roosevelt administration when the then-President was at his estate in nearby Hyde Park.
1786 Daily Hampshire Gazette English Northampton, Massachusetts United States Still published
1786 Pittsburgh Post-Gazette English Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania United States Still published
1789 The Berkshire Eagle English Pittsfield, Massachusetts United States Still published
1792 The Recorder English Greenfield, Massachusetts United States Still published
1794 Rutland Herald English Rutland, Vermont United States Still published. The Herald is the oldest family-owned newspaper in continuous operation, published under the same name in the same city, in the United States.
1796 Norwich Bulletin English Norwich, Connecticut United States Still published
1792 The Keene Sentinel English Keene, New Hampshire United States Still published
1801 New York Post English New York City, New York United States Still published
1803 The Post and Courier English Charleston, South Carolina United States Still published
1825 El Peruano Spanish Lima Peru Still published
1825 Diario de Pernambuco Portuguese Recife Brazil Still published. Oldest continuously circulating daily newspaper in Latin America[18] and oldest continuously circulating periodical edited in Portuguese.
1827 El Mercurio de Valparaíso Spanish Valparaíso Chile Still published. Oldest continuously circulating periodical edited in Spanish.
1829 The Philadelphia Inquirer English Philadelphia, Pennsylvania United States Still published
1829 The Post-Standard English Syracuse, New York United States Still published
1845 The Stanstead Journal English Stanstead, Quebec Canada Still published
1846 The Victoria Advocate English Victoria, Texas United States Still published
1846 Vineyard Gazette English Edgartown, Massachusetts Martha's Vineyard Still published
1847 Chicago Tribune English Chicago, Illinois United States Still published
1849 The Santa Fe New Mexican English Santa Fe, New Mexico United States Still published
1850 Deseret News English Salt Lake City, Utah United States Still published
1851 The New York Times English New York, New York United States Still published
1857 The Sacramento Bee English Sacramento, California United States Still published
1859 Rocky Mountain News English Denver, Colorado United States Published from April 23, 1859 to February 27, 2009.
1865 San Francisco Chronicle English San Francisco, California United States Still Published
1868 The Atlanta Journal-Constitution English Atlanta, Georgia United States Still published
1870 Tucson Citizen English Tucson, Arizona United States Still published
1879 The Times Leader English Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania United States Still published
1885 Omaha World-Herald English Omaha, Nebraska United States Still published
1878 St. Louis Post-Dispatch English St. Louis, Missouri United States Still published
1880 Albuquerque Journal English Albuquerque, New Mexico United States Still published
1880 The Kansas City Star English Kansas City, Missouri United States Still published
1881 El Paso Times English El Paso, Texas United States Still published
1881 El Paso Herald-Post English El Paso, Texas United States 1881-1997
1881 Las Cruces Sun-News English Las Cruces, New Mexico United States Still published
1889 The Wall Street Journal English New York, New York United States Still published
1891 Los Angeles Times English Los Angeles, California United States Still published
1891 The Chilliwack Progress English Chilliwack, British Columbia Canada Still published
1892 The Denver Post English Denver, Colorado United States Still published
1893 The Wave English Rockaway Beach, New York United States Still published
1898 Le Nouvelliste French Port-au-Prince Haiti Still Published

Africa [edit]

The French established the first newspaper in Africa in Mauritius in 1773.

Date Newspaper Language Place Country/Region Notes
1773 Annonces, Affiches et Avis Divers pour les Colonies des Isles de France et de Bourbon French Isle de France Mauritius First newspaper in Mauritius. Published weekly from 1773-01-13 to at least 1790 by the Nicolas Lambert in Mauritius.
1800 Cape Town Gazette and African Advertiser English, Dutch Cape Town British South Africa First newspaper in South Africa. Published weekly from 1800-08-16 to at least 1829 by the British Government in South Africa.
1824 South African Commercial Advertiser English, Dutch Cape Town British South Africa First privately run newspaper in South Africa. Numbers 1 to 18 were published weekly from 1824-01-07 to 1824-05-10. numbers 19 to 135 were printed from 1825-08-31 to 1827-03-10 and numbers 136 and onward were printed from 1828 to-10-03 to 1853. Originally edited by the printer George Greig who soon relinquished editing control to Thomas Pringle and John Fairbairn. Pringle left the paper after number 19.
1824 South African Journal English Cape Town British South Africa A bimonthly journal edited by Thomas Pringle and John Fairbairn. Published from 1824-03-05 to 1824-05-07.
1824 Nederduitsche Zuid-Afrikaanse Tydschrift Dutch Cape Town British South Africa A bimonthly journal edited by Reverend Abraham Faure. It was the Dutch partner to the South African Journal. Published from 1824-04-04.
1824 The South African Chronicle and Mercantile Advertiser English, Dutch Cape Town British South Africa Printed weekly from 1824-08-18 to 1826-12-26. Printed by William Bridekirk and edited by A. J. Jardine.
1826 The New Organ English, Dutch Cape Town British South Africa Only one edition printed on 1826-01-06. Printed by George Greig and edited by John Fairbairn.
1827 De Versamelaar English, Dutch Cape Town British South Africa Printed weekly from 1827-01-07 until between 1829-01-27 to 1835. Edited by J. Duasso de Lima and printed by William Bridekirk.
1827 The Colonist English, Dutch Cape Town British South Africa Printed weekly from 1827-11-22 to 1828-09-30 by William Bridekirk and then George Greig and edited by William Beddy.
1828 Al-Waqa'i'a al-Masriya Arabic Cairo Egypt Still published
1875 Al-Ahram Arabic Cairo Egypt Still published

East Asia [edit]

Inaugural issue of the North China Herald, August 3, 1850.
Date Newspaper Language Place Country/Region Notes
1806[19] The Prince of Wales Island Gazette English Penang British Malaya First newspaper in Southeast Asia;[19] last issue rolled off the press on 7 July 1827; weekly edition survived until January 1830.
1845[20][21] The Straits Times English Singapore Straits Settlements Split into The Straits Times (based in Singapore) and The New Straits Times (based in Kuala Lumpur) after Singapore's separation from Malaysia in 1965.
1850[22] North China Herald
(North China Daily News)		 English Shanghai China A weekly newspaper at first, it began daily publication in 1864 under the new name North China Daily News. Ceased publication in 1951.
1861[23] Nagasaki Shipping List and Advertiser English Nagasaki Japan Country's first newspaper[23]
1862 Kwanpan Batavia Shinbun Japanese Tokyo Japan First Japanese-language newspaper. A month-by-month government translation of the Dutch Javasche Courant.
1868 Chugai Shinbun Japanese Tokyo Japan First Japanese-language newspaper with original reporting. Ceased with publisher's death in 1869.
1870 Yokohama Mainichi Shinbun Japanese Yokohama Japan First daily Japanese-language newspaper. Closed in 1940.
1872 Tokyo Nichi Nichi Shimbun Japanese Tokyo Japan Merged with Mainichi Shimbun which is still published
1881[23] Chosen shinpo Japanese Pusan Korea Korea's first newspaper, but published in Japanese.[23]
1883
(1886)[24]		 Hanseong sunbo
(Hanseong Jubo)		 Chinese, Korean Seoul Korea First Korean-language newspaper.

South Asia [edit]

The first recorded attempt to found a newspaper in South Asia was by William Bolts, a Dutchman in the employ of the British East India Company in September 1768 in Calcutta. The Company deported Bolts back to Europe before he could begin his newspaper.[25]

Date Newspaper Language Place Country/Region Notes
1780 Hicky's Bengal Gazette or, The Original Calcutta General Advertiser English Calcutta British India First newspaper in South Asia. Published weekly from 1780-01-29 to 1782-03-23 when James Augustus Hicky's types were seized.
1780 India Gazette or Calcutta Public Advertiser English Calcutta British India Second newspaper in South Asia. Published weekly from 1780-11-18. Survived until 1834. Published by Peter Reed (until 1781), B. Messink (until 1793), G. Gordon (1793 to before 1799) In 1799, its proprietors were William Morris, William Fairlie and J. D. Williams.
1784 Calcutta Gazette English Calcutta British India Third newspaper in South Asia. Government sanctioned. Published weekly from 1784-03-04 to 1818-09-29. Its proprietors were Francis Gladwin, an East India Company Officer until January 1787 and Arthur Muir, Herbert Harrington and Edmond Morris afterwards.
1785 Bengal Journal English Calcutta British India Published weekly from 1785-02 to 1791. Its proprietors were William Duane and Thomas Jones.
1785 The Oriental Magazine or Calcutta Amusement English Calcutta British India Published monthly from 1785-04-06. Its proprietors were Gordon and John Hay. It ceased publication sometime prior to 1799-05, when Governor-General Wellesley enacted press regulations.
1785 The Asiatick Miscellany English Calcutta British India Published quarterly from 1785-07-14 to 1789-01. Its proprietor was Francis Gladwin.
1785 Madras Courier English Madras British India Published weekly at first from 1785-10-12 to around 1818, with government sanction. Its proprietor was Richard Johnson.
1786 Calcutta Chronicle and General Advertiser English Calcutta British India Published weekly from 1786-01 to either 1790 or 1797. Its proprietor was William Baillie.
1788 The Asiatic Mirror and Commercial Advertiser English Calcutta British India Published weekly at first from 1788-02 to 1820-05. Its proprietors were C.K. Bruce and Dr. Shoolbred.
1789 Bombay Herald English Bombay British India Published weekly from 1789 to 1792. Its proprietors are unknown.

Oceania [edit]

Date Newspaper Language Place Country/Region Notes
1803 Sydney Gazette English Sydney Australia was the first newspaper in Australia Published weekly from 1803 to 1842

See also [edit]

References [edit]

Inline [edit]

  1. ^ a b Weber 2006, p. 396; World Association of Newspapers: "Newspapers: 400 Years Young!"
  2. ^ Weber 2006, p. 387: "At the same time, then, as the printing press in the physical, technological sense was invented, 'the press' in the extended sense of the word also entered the historical stage. The phenomenon of publishing was born."
  3. ^ a b c d e f Weber 2006, p. 396f.
  4. ^ Nominally associated with the Holy Roman Empire until 1648, but de facto independent since 1499
  5. ^ Nominally associated with the Holy Roman Empire until 1648, but de facto separated since 1556
  6. ^ a b FRBNF32780021, catalogue Bn-Opale Plus, Bibliothèque nationale de France.
  7. ^ Wan-Press.org, A Newspaper Timeline, World Association of Newspapers
  8. ^ "World's Oldest Newspaper Goes Purely Digital". Associated Press 2007.
  9. ^ a b "Weeckelycke Courante van Europa". Museum Enschedé. Koninklijke Joh. Enschedé. 8 January 1656. 
  10. ^ "Boletín Oficial del Estado, La Gazeta, Colección Histórica". Retrieved 7 January 2013. 
  11. ^ London Gazette (o) (1). 7 November 1665.  Unknown parameter |startpage= ignored (help);
  12. ^ London Gazette (24). 5 February 1666.  Unknown parameter |startpage= ignored (help);
  13. ^ "Oldest newspapers still in circulation". World Association of Newspapers. Retrieved 15 February 2012. 
  14. ^ http://www.acorianooriental.pt/pagina/acerca-do-jornal/
  15. ^ http://www.churchtimes.co.uk/
  16. ^ Engel, Matthew (1996). Tickle the Public : One hundred years of the popular press. London: Gollancz. ISBN 978-0575061439. 
  17. ^ Conboy, Martin (2004). Journalism : A critical history. London: Sage. ISBN 0-7619-4100-2. 
  18. ^ http://basilio.fundaj.gov.br/pesquisaescolar/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=237&Itemid=183
  19. ^ a b Geoff Wade. "New Ways of Knowing: The Prince of Wales Island Gazette - Penang's First Newspaper". Presented at The Penang Story International Conference 2002. Retrieved 2010-08-31. "It is to Penang that the "honour" of being the site of the first newspaper published in Southeast Asia – the Prince of Wales Island Gazette – belongs." 
  20. ^ The Straits Times. "About Us". The Straits Times. Retrieved 2010-08-31. 
  21. ^ New Straits Times. "Corporate History 1845-1896". New Straits Times. Retrieved 2010-08-31. 
  22. ^ Xiaoqun Xu. Chinese Professionals and the Republican State: The Rise of Professional Associations in Shangahai, 1912–1937. Cambridge University Press, 2001. p. 45.
  23. ^ a b c d Altman 1984, p. 685: "The parallel to the Chosen shinpo in Japan had been Japan's first newspaper in any language, the English-language Nagasaki Shipping List and Advertiser, published by an Englishman, Albert W. Hansard, from June 1861."
  24. ^ McGovern 1967, pp. 21
  25. ^ Busteed, H. E. Echoes from Old Calcutta: Being Chiefly Reminiscences of the Days of Warren Hastings, Francis and Impey. 2d ed. Calcutta: Thacker, Spink And Co., 1888, 182.]

Throughout article [edit]

  • Altman, Albert A. (1984), "Korea's First Newspaper: The Japanese Chosen shinpo", The Journal of Asian Studies 43 (4): 685–696 
  • McGovern, Melvin (1967), "Early Western Presses in Korea", Korea Journal: 21–23 
  • Weber, Johannes (2006), "Strassburg, 1605: The Origins of the Newspaper in Europe", German History 24 (3): 387–412 
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