List of plantations in Louisiana

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This is a list of plantations and/or plantation houses in the U.S. state of Louisiana that are National Historic Landmarks, listed on the National Register of Historic Places, listed on a heritage register, or are otherwise significant for their history, association with significant events or people, or their architecture and design.^[1]^[2]^[3]

Color key	Historic register listing
	National Historic Landmark
	National Register of Historic Places
	Not listed on national or state register

NRHP reference number	Name	Year designated	Town, Parish	Parish	Notes
87000849	Acadia Plantation		Thibodaux		Demolished 2010
83000554	Afton Villa Gardens		St. Francisville, West Feliciana		Destroyed by fire in 1963. Gardens and ruins open Daily 9:00 am to 4:30 pm, March 1st to June 30th and October 1st to December 1st
01000007	Albania Plantation House		Jeanerette, Iberia
96001263	Allendale Plantation		Port Allen
82000469	Ardoyne Plantation House		Houma, Terrebonne
80004476	Arlington Plantation		Lake Providence
82000457	Arlington Plantation House		Franklin	St. Mary
82004676	Arlington Plantation House		Washington	St. Landry
79001050	Ashland (Belle Helene)		Geismar	Ascension
72000552	Asphodel Plantation and Cemetery		Jackson
87000729	Audubon Plantation House		Baton Rouge
82000434	Avondale Plantation Home		Clinton	East Feliciana
07000424	Bagatelle Plantation House		Sunshine
79001056	Battleground Plantation		Sicily Island
	Belle Grove		White Castle	Iberville
79001083	Bennett Plantation House		Alexandria	Rapides
83000527	Bouverans Plantation House		Lockport
80001709	Breston Plantation House		Columbia	Caldwell
83000503	Buckmeadow Plantation House		Lake Providence	East Carroll
79001103	Butler Greenwood Plantation		St. Francisville	West Feliciana
82002754	Calliham Plantation House		Hamburg
84002859	Calumet Plantation House		Patterson	St. Mary
79001069	Carter Plantation		Springfield
82002757	Cashpoint Plantation House		Elm Grove	Bossier
92000583	Caspiana Plantation Store		Natchitoches
88001049	Cedar Bend Plantation		Natchez
76000965	Cedars Plantation		Oak Ridge
82000442	Chatchie Plantation House		Thibodaux	Lafourche
73000869	Cherokee Plantation		Natchitoches
77001519	Chretien Point Plantation		Sunset
85000970	Clarendon Plantation House		Evergreen	Avoyelles
75000857	Cottage Plantation		St. Francisville	West Feliciana
84000144	Crescent Plantation		Tallulah	Madison
73000868	Darby Plantation		New Iberia
86001054	Desire Plantation House		Vacherie
73002132	Destrehan Plantation	March 20, 1973	Destrehan	St. Charles
87000851	Dixie Plantation House		Franklin
85002759	Ducros Plantation House		Thibodaux
94000742	Dulcito Plantation House		New Iberia
82002791	El Dorado Plantation House		Livonia
88003135	Emilie Plantation House		Garyville
75000848	Enterprise Plantation		Jeanerette	Iberia
91001386	Evergreen Plantation	01992-04-27April 27, 1992	Wallace 30°01′37″N 90°38′22″W / 30.02690°N 90.63958°W / 30.02690; -90.63958 (Evergreen Plantation)	St. John the Baptist	The most intact plantation in the South with 37 national landmarked buildings.
88000102	Fairhaven Plantation House		Zachary
93000821	Fairview Plantation House		Ethel
	Frogmore Plantation		Frogmore, LA		Museum quality steam powered cotton gin. Plantation tour a Rand McNally as a "Must See Site" in the South/Southeast and by AAA Southern Traveler Magazine as one of the top three favorite attractions in the tri-states of Ark/La/Miss. Featured in PBS documentaries.
82004674	Frozard Plantation House		Grand Coteau
93001548	Godchaux-Reserve Plantation House		Reserve
97000967	Gracelane Plantation House		Baton Rouge
92000510	Graugnard Farms Plantation House		St. James
82000451	Harlem Plantation House		Pointe à la Hache	Plaquemines
78001438	Hazelwood Plantation		Laurel Hill
86003129	Homestead Plantation Complex		Plaquemine
70000842	Homeplace Plantation House	01970-04-15April 15, 1970	Hahnville 29°58′16″N 90°24′27″W / 29.97105°N 90.40758°W / 29.97105; -90.40758 (Homeplace Plantation House)	St. Charles
04001470	Hope Plantation House		Garyville
80001694	The Houmas	01980-09-27September 27, 1980	Burnside	Ascension
87002449	Inglewood Plantation Historic District		Alexandria	Rapides
01000669	Katie Plantation House		Breaux Bridge
06000317	Kenilworth Plantation House		St. Bernard
71000362	Kent Plantation House		Alexandria	Rapides
84000145	LaBranche Plantation Dependency	October 18, 1984	St. Rose	St. Charles
02001296	Landry Plantation House		Youngsville
93000322	Lane Plantation House		Ethel
92001842	Laura Plantation		Vacherie	St. James	Plantation heiress and manager Laura Lacoul Gore's (1861-1963) autobiography Memories of the Old Plantation Home: A Creole Family Album (Nov. 2000) tells the family's history and her experience living at the plantation
78001426	Laurel Valley Sugar Plantation		Thibodaux	Lafourche
93000694	LeBeuf Plantation House		New Orleans
94000705	Linwood Plantation Manager's House		Newellton
79001057	Lisburn Plantation House		Ferriday
74000924	Live Oaks Plantation		Rosedale
80001748	Logtown Plantation		Monroe
91001419	Longue Vue	02005-04-05April 5, 2005	New Orleans 29°58′36″N 90°07′23″W / 29.97675°N 90.12309°W / 29.97675; -90.12309 (Longue Vue House and Gardens)	Orleans
77000678	Loyd Hall Plantation		Cheneyville	Rapides
02001603	Lucky Plantation House		Sunshine
73000860	Madewood Plantation House	01983-05-04May 4, 1983	Napoleonville 29°55′39″N 90°59′39″W / 29.92738°N 90.99426°W / 29.92738; -90.99426 (Madewood Plantation House)	Assumption
79001071	Magnolia	02001-01-03January 3, 2001	Derry 31°33′11″N 92°56′33″W / 31.55294°N 92.94240°W / 31.55294; -92.94240	Natchitoches
86000253	Magnolia Lane		Westwego	Jefferson
72000549	Magnolia Mound Plantation House		Baton Rouge	East Baton Rouge
87002135	Marengo Plantation House		Jonesville
83000533	Mary Plantation House		Braithwaite	Plaquemines
72000556	Melrose Plantation	01974-05-30May 30, 1974	Melrose 31°05′16″N 92°58′03″W / 31.08771°N 92.96756°W / 31.08771; -92.96756 (Melrose Plantation)	Natchitoches
80001769	Monte Vista Plantation House		Port Allen
87002505	Montegut Plantation House		LaPlace
82000444	Montrose Plantation House		Tallulah	Madison
82000468	Moro Plantation House		Waterproof	Tensas
06000779	Moss Grove Plantation House		Jonesville
76002167	Moundville Plantation House		Washington
80001717	Mount Hope Plantation House		Baton Rouge	East Baton Rouge
79001094	Myrtle Grove Plantation	May 10, 1979	Waterproof	Tensas
74002185	Myrtle Hill Plantation House		Gloster
78001439	Myrtles Plantation		St. Francisville	West Feliciana
76000966	Narcisse Prudhomme Plantation		Natchitoches
85000976	Narrows Plantation House		Lake Arthur	Jefferson Davis
80001733	Nottoway Plantation House		White Castle	Iberville
74002187	Oak Alley Plantation	01974-12-02December 2, 1974	Vacherie 30°00′15″N 90°46′33″W / 30.00427°N 90.77593°W / 30.00427; -90.77593 (Oak Alley Plantation)	St. James
92000036	Oak Grove Plantation Dependencies		St. Francisville	West Feliciana
79001073	Oakland	02001-01-03January 3, 2001	Natchez 31°39′54″N 93°00′12″W / 31.66500°N 93.00333°W / 31.66500; -93.00333	Natchitoches
80001720	Oakland		Gurley	East Feliciana
79001072	Oaklawn		Natchez
73000878	Oakley Plantation House		St. Francisville	West Feliciana	John James Audubon worked as a tutor for Eliza Pierre for four months in 1821. Audubon's wife also taught there. He painted 32 of his famousThe Birds of America while at Oakley.
80001697	Oakwold Plantation House		Evergreen
80001764	Orange Grove Plantation House		Houma
90001748	Ormond Plantation House	November 11, 1990	Destrehan	St. Charles
77000665	Palo Alto Plantation		Donaldsonville	Ascension
70000258	Parlange Plantation	01974-05-30May 30, 1974	Mix 31°39′54″N 93°00′12″W / 31.66500°N 93.00333°W / 31.66500; -93.00333 (Parlange Plantation House)	Pointe Coupee
03001064	Pegram Plantation House		Lecompte	Rapides
71000360	Pitot House		New Orleans	Orleans
84001347	Pleasant View Plantation House		Oscar	Pointe Coupee
80004251	Judge Felix Poche' Plantation House		Convent
87002136	Poplar Grove Plantation House		Port Allen
01000943	Residence Plantation House		Houma
79001064	Richland Plantation		Norwood	East Feliciana
80001736	Rienzi Plantation House		Thibodaux	Lafourche
80001771	Rosale Plantation		St. Francisville	West Feliciana
76000974	Rosalie Plantation Sugar Mill		Alexandria	Rapides
73000880	Rosebank Plantation House		Weyanoke
01000765	Rosedown	02005-04-05April 5, 2005	St. Francisville 30°47′46″N 91°22′15″W / 30.79602°N 91.37095°W / 30.79602; -91.37095 (Rosedown Plantation)	West Feliciana
99001039	Sandbar Plantation House		Port Allen
74002186	San Francisco Plantation House	01970-05-30May 30, 1970	Reserve 30°02′51″N 90°36′20″W / 30.04753°N 90.60554°W / 30.04753; -90.60554 (San Francisco Plantation House)	St. John the Baptist
78003448	Santa Maria Plantation House		Baton Rouge
82000445	Scottland Plantation House		Tallulah	Madison
86001495	Sebastopol Plantation House		St. Bernard
72000553	Shadows-on-the-Teche	01970-05-30May 30, 1970	New Iberia 30°00′09″N 91°48′54″W / 30.00254°N 91.81499°W / 30.00254; -91.81499 (Shadows-on-the-Teche)	Iberia	Mrs. Francis Weeks (Magill) Prewitt and her children Ida Magill and Agustin Magill were among the over 200 people, many of whom were of plantation society, who perished in the 1856 Last Island Hurricane. The children are buried on the grounds.
95000387	Smithfield Plantation House		Port Allen
83000558	Solitude Plantation House		St. Francisville	West Feliciana
74002188	Southdown Plantation		Houma
82000470	St. George Plantation House		Schriever	Terrebonne
05000987	St. Joseph Plantation House		Vacherie
75000849	St. Louis Plantation		Plaquemine
79001104	St. Maurice Plantation		St. Maurice
03000680	Star Hill Plantation Dependency		Star Hill
98000570	Stephanie Plantation House		Arnaudville
82000432	Synope Plantation House		Columbia
79001059	Tacony Plantation House		Vidalia
80001731	Tally-Ho Plantation House		Bayou Goula	Iberville
99000257	Trio Plantation House		Rayville
	Uncle Sam Plantation		Convent	St. James
02000297	Valverda Plantation House		Maringouin
77000677	White Hall Plantation House		Lettsworth	Pointe Coupee
87001475	Whitehall Plantation House		Monroe
92001566	Whitney Plantation Historic District		Wallace	St. John the Baptist
88000977	Wildwood Plantation House		Jackson
98000702	Woodland Plantation		West Pointe à la Hache	Plaquemines

Historical background of the plantation era [edit]

Upland or green seeded cotton was not a commercially important crop until the invention of the cotton gin in 1793. With an inexpensive cotton gin a man could remove seed from as much cotton in one day as a woman could de-seed in two months working at a rate of about one pound per day. ^[4] The newly mechanized cotton industry in England during the Industrial Revolution absorbed the tremendous supply of cheap cotton that became a major crop in the Southern U.S.

At the time of the cotton gin’s invention, the sub tropical soils in the Eastern U.S. were becoming depleted, and the fertilizer deposits of guano deposits of South America and the Pacific Islands along with the nitrate deposits in the Chilean deserts were not yet being exploited, meaning that there were fertilizer shortages, leading to a decline in agriculture in the Southeast and a westward expansion to new land.

Transportation at the time was extremely limited. There were almost no improved roads in the U.S. or in the Louisiana Territory and the first railroads were not built until the 1830s.^[5] The only practical means for shipping agricultural products more than a few miles without exceeding their value was by water. This made much of the land in the U.S. unsuitable for growing crops other than for local consumption.

Under ownership of Spain, New Orleans held the strategically important sight between the Mississippi River and Lake Pontchartrain. The Carondelet Canal, which was completed in 1794, connected the Tremé neighborhood of New Orleans with Bayou St. John, giving shipping access to Lake Pontchartrain and the Gulf of Mexico. The U.S. gained rights to use the port in New Orleans in 1795. See: New Orleans#History

New Orleans was transferred by Spain to France in 1800, but remained under Spanish control. The Louisiana Territory purchased from France under Napoleon Bonaparte in 1803 was sparely populated. After the Louisiana Purchase under the Thomas Jefferson administration, a high priority was to build roads to New Orleans, which were the Natchez Trace and the Federal Road through Georgia, initially intended for mail delivery.

The Napoleonic Wars and the Embargo Act of 1807 restricted European trade, which did not recover until the end of the War of 1812 in 1815. The Year without a summer of 1816 resulted in famine in Europe and a wave of immigration to the U.S., with New Orleans being the destination of many refugees. The return of good harvests in Europe along with the newly cleared and planted land in the Midwest and Mississippi Valley and the improvements in transportation resulted in a collapse in agricultural prices that caused the 1818-9 depression. Agricultural prices remained depressed for many years, but their eventual recovery resulted in a new wave of land clearing, triggering another depression in the late 1830s. Cotton prices were particularly depressed.^[6]

Until the development of the steamboat, river navigation was either with barges or flatboats floated downstream or pushed upstream with poles or by hand using overhanging tree limbs. On the Mississippi River most traffic was down river on log rafts or on wooden boats that were dismantled and sold as lumber in the vicinity of New Orleans. Steam powered navigation between Pittsburg and New Orleans began in 1811-12. Inland steam navigation which rapidly expanded in the following decades, and railroads appeared before the Civil War, though they mainly linked waterways until the Civil War, after which railroads overtook most of the traffic.

It was during the period of expanding steam transportation that plantation agriculture dominated the Southern economy, with two-thirds of the millionaires in the U.S. living between Natchez and New Orleans. The surviving plantation homes range from relatively modest dwellings to opulent mansions, some containing original furnishings and many with period furniture.

Due to poor transportation and lack of industrialization, plantations tended to be somewhat self-sufficient, growing most of their own food, harvesting their own timber and firewood, repairing farm implements an building their own buildings. Many slaves were skilled blacksmiths, masons and carpenters who often were contracted out. Cloth, shoes and clothing were imported from Europe and from the Northeast U.S.

The self-sufficiency of plantations and cheap slave labor hindered economic development of the South. Contemporary descriptions cite the lack of towns, commerce and economic development.

Besides the necessity of river transportation, the soils near the rivers and old river channels contained the best soil closest to the rivers where the sandy and silty soil settled, leaving higher elevation natural levees. The clay soil settled further away from the rivers and being less stable, slumped to muddy back swamps.^[7] The plantations in the vicinity of St. Francisville, Louisiana are on the high eastern bank of the Mississippi River are on a loess soil, which was not as fertile as the river alluvium, but was still well suited to plantation agriculture.

Slave housing [edit]

Slave quarters at Magnolia Plantation, Natchitoches Parish, LA IMG 3473

Examples of slave housing can be found on many of the plantations. A contemporary account from memoirs of a resident of The White Castle describes slave housing as being more comfortable than many white people had in Europe (although it is not known if all slave housing was up to the standards the writer was familiar with or of surviving examples). Surviving slave housing appears to be better than Engels description some of the mill workers' housing in The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844. Engels described much housing consisting of a single room occupied by eight to ten unrelated individuals of both sexes with no toilet facilities and often no furniture. The occupants slept on piles of sawdust or straw.

Examples of slave housing at Laura and San Francisco Plantations are wooden buildings with two or three separate rooms, including the kitchen, and furnished with one or more bed frames and a few other pieces of furniture. These were intended to house a single family.

References [edit]

^ "How to Apply the National Register Criteria for Evaluation," (PDF), National Register Bulletins, National Park Service. Retrieved March 22, 2007.
^ National Park Service (April 2007). "National Historic Landmarks Survey: List of National Historic Landmarks by State" (PDF). Archived from the original on 2007-06-09. Retrieved 2007-05-20.
^ National Park Service. "National Historic Landmark Program: NHL Database". Retrieved 2007-08-14.
^ Roe, Joseph Wickham (1916), English and American Tool Builders, New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, LCCN 16011753 . Reprinted by McGraw-Hill, New York and London, 1926 (LCCN 27-24075); and by Lindsay Publications, Inc., Bradley, Illinois, (ISBN 978-0-917914-73-7).
^ Taylor, George Rogers. The Transportation Revolution, 1815-1860. ISBN 978-0873321013.
^ North, Douglas C. (1966). The Economic Growth of the United States 1790-1860. New York, London: W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 978-0-393-00346-8.
^ See soil surveys of the various parishes

[bulletin-1] "How to Apply the National Register Criteria for Evaluation," (PDF), National Register Bulletins, National Park Service. Retrieved March 22, 2007.

[NHLlist-2] National Park Service (April 2007). "National Historic Landmarks Survey: List of National Historic Landmarks by State" (PDF). Archived from the original on 2007-06-09. Retrieved 2007-05-20.

[NHLDB081407-3] National Park Service. "National Historic Landmark Program: NHL Database". Retrieved 2007-08-14.

[4] Roe, Joseph Wickham (1916), English and American Tool Builders, New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, LCCN 16011753 . Reprinted by McGraw-Hill, New York and London, 1926 (LCCN 27-24075); and by Lindsay Publications, Inc., Bradley, Illinois, (ISBN 978-0-917914-73-7).

[5] Taylor, George Rogers. The Transportation Revolution, 1815-1860. ISBN 978-0873321013.

[North1966-6] North, Douglas C. (1966). The Economic Growth of the United States 1790-1860. New York, London: W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 978-0-393-00346-8.

[7] See soil surveys of the various parishes

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List of plantations in Louisiana

Contents

Historical background of the plantation era [edit]

Slave housing [edit]

See also [edit]

References [edit]

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