Political parties in Ukraine

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Ukraine

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This article lists political parties in Ukraine. Ukraine has a multi-party system with numerous political parties, in which no one party often has a chance of gaining power alone, and parties must work with each other to form coalition governments.

Many parties in Ukraine have very small memberships and are unknown to the general public. Party membership in Ukraine is lower than 1% of the population eligible to vote (compared to a average 4.7% in the European Union[1]).[2][3] National parties currently not represented in Ukraine’s national parliament Verkhovna Rada do have representatives in municipal counsels.[4][5][6][7] Small parties used to join in multi-party coalitions (electoral blocks) for the purpose of participating in parliamentary elections; but on 17 November 2011 the Ukrainian Parliament approved an election law that banned the participation of blocs of political parties in parliamentary elections.[8] Ukrainian society's trust of political parties is very low overall.[9]

On January 25, 2009 there were 161 parties registered with the Ministry of Justice;[10] this number grew to 172 political parties on July 15, 2009.[10][11] and to 179 on May 14, 2010.[12][13] In July 2010 there where 182 political parties registered in Ukraine.[14] In September 2011 197.[15]

Contents

[edit] The parties

In the first years after Ukrainian independence political parties in Ukraine where centred around intellectuals and former Soviet dissidents.[16] After 1991 parties where formed around politicians who had achieved power; these parties where often a vehicle of Ukrainian oligarchs.[16] Scholars have defined several "Clans" in Ukrainian politics grouped around businessman and politicians from particular Ukrainian mayor cities; the "Donetsk-clan" (Rinat Akhmetov, Viktor Yanukovich and Mykola Azarov), the "Dnipropetrovsk-clan" (Yulia Tymoshenko, Leonid Kuchma, Viktor Pinchuk, Sergey Tigipko and Pavlo Lazarenko), the "Kiev-clan" (Viktor Medvedchuk and the brothers Surkis; this clan has also been linked to Zakarpattia) and the smaller "Kharkiv-clan".[17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] Professor Paul D'Anieri has argued (in 2006) that Ukrainian parties are "elite-based rather than mass-based".[26] While former Ambassador of Germany to Ukraine (2000–2006) Dietmar Studemann believes that personalities are more important in Ukrainian politics than (ideological) platforms. "Parties in the proper meaning of this word do not exist in Ukraine so far. A party for Germans is its platform first, and its personalities later."[27]

Ukrainian parties tend not to have a clear ideology but to contain different political groups with diverging ideological outlooks.[28] Unlike in Western politics, civilizational and geostrategic orientations play a more important role than economic and socio-political agendas for parties.[29] This has led to coalition governments that would be unusual from a Western point of view; for example: the Azarov Government which includes the Party of Regions with the financial backing of some Ukrainian oligarchs and the Communist Party of Ukraine and the social-democratic Batkivshchyna and the economically liberal European Party of Ukraine in the Second Tymoshenko Government.[29]

[edit] Major parties and blocs

There have been two major movements in the Ukrainian parliament since its independence:[22][29][30]

After the 2007 parliamentary election the parties associated with the Our Ukraine Bloc (named Our Ukraine–People's Self-Defense Bloc in 2007) lost popular support greatly while Front of Changes (the party of former Our Ukraine politician Arseniy Yatsenyuk[32]) and Strong Ukraine achieved good results in polls for the next Ukrainian parliamentary election and in the 2010 local elections; so did All-Ukrainian Union "Svoboda", a party who can not be placed in the above mentioned two major movements.[29][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55]

In August 2011 Strong Ukraine and People's Party announced that both will merge with Party of Regions.[56][57] The merge between People's Party and Party of Regions did not materialize.[58]

17 November 2011 the Ukrainian Parliament approved an election law that banned the participation of blocs of political parties in parliamentary elections[8]; since then several parties have merged with other parties.[59][60][61]

[edit] Parties currently represented in the Verkhovna Rada (Ukraine's parliament)

Parliamentary faction
[edit] Parties of which members are deputies in the Verkhovna Rada although the parties itself did not participate in the 2007 parliamentary election

[edit] Former parliamentarian parties and factions

[edit] Minor parties

[edit] Major Regional Parties and electoral blocs

Kiev Oblast/City
Crimea

[edit] Defunct parties (and electoral blocs)

This list of other alliances (on 17 November 2011 the Ukrainian Parliament approved an election law that banned the participation of blocs of political parties in parliamentary elections[8]) and defunct parties is based on the parties and alliance that did take part in parliamentary elections before the last Ukrainian national election but have not taken part in any national election since then, some party's did change to different political alliances since then.

[edit] Ukrainian parties before 1991

[edit] See also

[edit] References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Political parties in Ukraine
  1. ^ Research, European Union Democracy Observatory
  2. ^ Ukraine: Comprehensive Partnership for a Real Democracy, Center for International Private Enterprise, 2010
  3. ^ Poll: Ukrainians unhappy with domestic economic situation, their own lives, Kyiv Post (September 12, 2011)
  4. ^ (Ukrainian) Сергій Одарич формуватиме більшість у міськраді Черкас, Cherkasy city counsil website (November 8, 2010)
  5. ^ (Ukrainian) Мером Львова обрано Андрія Садового, ЛьвівNEWS (November , 2010)
  6. ^ (Ukrainian) На виборах мера Полтави переміг Олександр Мамай, Дзеркало тижня (November 6, 2010)
  7. ^ (Ukrainian) Официальные результаты голосования по выборам в Севастопольский городской совет, SevNews (November 5, 2010)
  8. ^ a b c Parliament passes law on parliamentary elections, Kyiv Post (17 November 2011)
  9. ^ Opinion poll: Do you trust political parties? (recurrent, 2001–2009, by Razumkov Centre)
  10. ^ a b List of parties by time of their regitration, Ukrainian Ministry of Justice (Ukrainian)
  11. ^ Three new political parties registered in Ukraine, 172 in total, says Justice Ministry, Interfax-Ukraine (July 15, 2009)
  12. ^ a b Justice Ministry registers 179th party in Ukraine – For Fairness and Prosperity, Kyiv Post (May 14, 2010)
  13. ^ a b Justice Ministry registers Your Ukraine Party, Kyiv Post (May 5, 2010)
  14. ^ Youth into Power party registered, Kyiv Post (July 2, 2010)
  15. ^ Lavrynovych: Court cancels registration certificates of five Ukrainian parties, Kyiv Post (29 November 2011)
  16. ^ a b Black Sea Politics:Political Culture and Civil Society in an Unstable Region, I. B. Tauris, 2005, ISBN 978-1845110352 (page 45)
  17. ^ State-Building:A Comparative Study of Ukraine, Lithuania, Belarus, and Russia by Verena Fritz, Central European University Press, 2008, ISBN 978-9637326998 (page 189)
  18. ^ Political Parties of Eastern Europe:A Guide to Politics in the Post-Communist Era by Janusz Bugajski, M.E. Sharpe, 2002, ISBN 978-1563246760 (page 829)
  19. ^ Ukraine and European Society (Chatham House Papers) by Tor Bukkvoll, Pinter, 1998, ISBN 978-1855674653 (page 36)
  20. ^ How Ukraine Became a Market Economy and Democracy by Anders Åslund, Peterson Institute for International Economics, 2009, ISBN 978-0881324273
  21. ^ The Rebirth of Europe by Elizabeth Pond, Brookings Institution Press, 2002, ISBN 978-0815771593 (page 146)
  22. ^ a b Communist and Post-Communist Parties in Europe by Uwe Backes and Patrick Moreau, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2008, ISBN 978-3525369128 (page 383 and 396)
  23. ^ The Crisis of Russian Democracy:The Dual State, Factionalism and the Medvedev Succession by Richard Sakwa, Cambridge University Press, 2011, ISBN 978-0521145220 (page 110)
  24. ^ To Balance or Not to Balance:Alignment Theory And the Commonwealth of Independent States by Eric A. Miller, Ashgate Publishing, ISBN 978-0754643340 (page 129)
  25. ^ Ukraine:Challenges of the Continuing Transition, National Intelligence Council (Conference Report August 1999)
  26. ^ Understanding Ukrainian Politics:Power, Politics, And Institutional Design by Paul D'Anieri, M. E. Sharpe, 2006, ISBN 978-0765618115 (page 189)
  27. ^ Former German Ambassador Studemann views superiority of personality factor as fundamental defect of Ukrainian politics, Kyiv Post (December 21, 2009)
  28. ^ Against All Odds:Aiding Political Parties in Georgia and Ukraine by Max Bader, Vossiuspers UvA, 2010, ISBN 978-9056296315 (page 82)
  29. ^ a b c d e Ukraine right-wing politics: is the genie out of the bottle?, openDemocracy.net (January 3, 2011)
  30. ^ Pro-Russian bloc leads in Ukraine, BBC News (March 26, 2006)
  31. ^ a b Communist and Post-Communist Parties in Europe by Uwe Backes and Patrick Moreau, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2008, ISBN 978-3525369128 (page 396)
  32. ^ Yatsenyuk forecasts immigration flow-out due to economic crisis, Kyiv Post (November 28, 2008)
  33. ^ (Ukrainian) Results of the elections, preliminary data, on interactive maps by Ukrayinska Pravda (November 8, 2010)
  34. ^ (Ukrainian)Sofiya
  35. ^ (Ukrainian) GFK exit-pollGFK GFK
  36. ^ (Ukrainian) Razumkov Center 05.10.2010
  37. ^ (Ukrainian) Razumkov Center 23.08.2010
  38. ^ (Ukrainian) Razumkov Center 23.08.2010, May data included
  39. ^ (Russian) [http://bd.fom.ru/report/map/ukrain/ukrain_eo/du081901\
  40. ^ (Russian) [1]
  41. ^ "Razumkov Centre". Uceps.org. http://www.uceps.org/poll.php?poll_id=377. Retrieved November 13, 2011. 
  42. ^ "KIIS Poll: Party Of Regions, Tymoshenko Bloc, and Communist Party Will Be Elected Into Parliament". Ukrainian News Agency. October 27, 2008. http://www.ukranews.com/eng/article/158736.html. 
  43. ^ (Russian) [2]
  44. ^ BYT, Regions Party, Communist Party, Bloc Of Lytvyn, And Bloc Of Yatseniuk Might Override 3% Election Threshold, According To FOM-Ukraine Poll, Ukrainian News Agency (November 26, 2008)
  45. ^ "Razumkov Centre". Uceps.org. http://www.uceps.org/news.php?news_id=140. Retrieved November 13, 2011. 
  46. ^ Angus Reid Global Monitor January 18, 2009
  47. ^ "zaxid.net" (in (Ukrainian)). zaxid.net. http://www.zaxid.net/newsua/2009/2/5/150201/. Retrieved November 13, 2011. 
  48. ^ "pravda.com.ua". pravda.com.ua. February 5, 2009. http://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2009/2/5/89164.htm. Retrieved November 13, 2011. 
  49. ^ "Razumkov Centre". Razumkov.org.ua. http://razumkov.org.ua/ukr/poll.php?poll_id=115. Retrieved November 13, 2011. 
  50. ^ Рейтинг партий[dead link]
  51. ^ FOM-Ukraine Poll: Regions Party, BYT, Yatseniuk Bloc, Communist Party Enter Rada, Ukrainian News Agency (June 2, 2009)
  52. ^ Party of Regions remains leader of electoral sympathies in Ukraine – poll, UNIAN (June 2, 2009)
  53. ^ "Ukrainian news". Ukranews.com. http://www.ukranews.com/ukr/article/213954.html. Retrieved November 13, 2011. 
  54. ^ Party Of Regions, Tymoshenko bloc, Strong Ukraine, Front for Change and Communist Party would get into parliament, Kyiv Post (April 12, 2010
  55. ^ "lectoral moods of the Ukrainian population: December 2010" (PDF). http://www.ratinggroup.com.ua/upload/files/RG_ratingsUA_122010.pdf. Retrieved November 13, 2011. 
  56. ^ Azarov: We welcome other parties joining Regions Party, Kyiv Post (August 23, 2011)
  57. ^ Azarov: Regions Party teams up with Strong Ukraine, Kyiv Post (August 16, 2011)
  58. ^ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named nomergePPPoR; see Help:Cite errors/Cite error references no text
  59. ^ (Ukrainian) "Наша Україна" й УНП почали об’єднання з Дніпропетровська, Ukrayinska Pravda (18 December 2011)
  60. ^ Tymoshenko, Lutsenko aware of their parties' unification, Kyiv Post (29 December 2011)
  61. ^ (Ukrainian) Одна з партій НУНС перейменувалася та змінила голову, Ukrayinska Pravda (3 December 2011)
  62. ^ "Informational site "RAZOM"". People's Union "Our Ukraine". http://www.razom.org.ua/. Retrieved 2007-10-02. 
  63. ^ Official site of the People's Self-Defense (Ukrainian)
  64. ^ "Party "Forward, Ukraine!"". Forward, Ukraine!. http://www.vpered-ukraino.org/. Retrieved 2007-10-02. 
  65. ^ "Homepage". People's Movement of Ukraine. http://www.nru.org.ua/en/. Retrieved 2007-10-02. 
  66. ^ "Ukrainian People's Party". Ukrainian People's Party. http://www.unp-ua.org/. Retrieved 2007-10-02. 
  67. ^ "Ukrainian Republican Party Assembly". Ukrainian Republican Party Assembly. http://www.urpsobor.org.ua/. Retrieved 2007-10-02. 
  68. ^ ПОРА – громадянська партія ПОРА. "Official website Civic party "PORA"". Pora.org.ua. http://www.pora.org.ua/. Retrieved November 13, 2011. 
  69. ^ (Ukrainian) Тігіпко створив свій виборчий блок, Gazeta.ua (February 22, 2010)
  70. ^ a b "Ukranian News". Ukranews.com. http://www.ukranews.com/eng/article/157933.html. Retrieved November 13, 2011. 
  71. ^ (Ukrainian) Кириленко об'єднався з Яценюком, Ukrayinska Pravda (22 December 2011)
  72. ^ a b c d e (Ukrainian) Соцпартії не сподобалася назва "Об'єднані ліві і селяни", Gazeta.ua (16 December 2011)

[edit] External links

Political parties in Ukraine Ukraine
Parliamentary
blocs and parties
Extra-parliamentary
blocs and parties
Front of Changes • UDAR of Vitaliy Klychko • All-Ukrainian Union "Svoboda" • United Left and Peasants • Progressive Socialist Party of Ukraine • Congress of Ukrainian Nationalists • Socialist Party of Ukraine • United Centre • People's Democratic Party • Democratic Party of Ukraine • Republican Christian Party • Social Democratic Party of Ukraine (united) • Party of Pensioners of Ukraine • Party of Protection of Pensioners of Ukraine • Party "Union" • All-Ukrainian Union "Center" • People's Party New Ukraine • Internet Party of Ukraine • Union of Leftists • Communist Party of Ukraine (renewed) • Youth Party of Ukraine • Party of Greens of Ukraine • Viche • Political Party "Cathedral Ukraine" • All-Ukrainian Chornobyl People's Party "For the Welfare and Protection of the People" • Party of Free Democrats • Party of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs • Party of National Economic Development of Ukraine • Social-Christian Party • All-Ukrainian Political Party "Ecology and Social Protection" • All-Ukrainian Party of People's Trust • All-Ukrainian Party of Peace and Unity • National-Democratic Association "Ukraine" • Conscience of Ukraine • Political Party of Small and Medium-sized Businesses of Ukraine • Information Ukraine • Hromada
Notes
In the Verkhovna Rada 19 deputies are member of Reforms for the Future and 26 are not members of any faction.
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