List of professional cyclists who died during a race

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This article is a list of professional cyclists who died during a race from various causes (including collisions with other bicycles or with vehicles, from medical conditions and from falls). Some riders died at the scene, others while receiving medical care off-site. The date-parameters for this list run from the 1890s until present-day. A related sub-section of cyclists who have died while training or from other reasons related to cycling has also been included.

Contents

[edit] Risks of cycling

Cycling as a sport has never been risk-free. In its earlier years (between 1899 and 1928), more than one person a year died on velodromes), with a total of 47 people dead in track cycling of (riders and pacemakers).[1][2] The dangers of cycling in general can sometimes be misunderstood. For example, it has been claimed that 2005 United States Consumer Products Safety Commission data shows bicycling to be nearly as dangerous as American football.[3] with the CPSC statistics for cycling injuries including sport, transportational and recreational variants. A survey of 2008 Olympics teams, however, indicated that cycling was not even in the top 6 most injury-prone sports during competition that year.[4]

[edit] Deaths during a race

The Buffalo Velodrome in Paris (1896)

[edit] 1890s

  • Pierre Froget, French track cyclist, 21 August 1894, Velodrome of Vichy. Crash while tandem racing, died 6 days later in the age of 21, was the first victim of a cycling accident on a French track[5]
  • AW "Bert" Harris,.[6] Harris was the fastest short-distance rider in England,[7] the first Professional Cycling Champion of England[8] and was one of the most well-known athletes of his day.[8] Known as "Bert Harris" or "Invincible Harris",[9][10] his last and fatal race was held on Easter Monday of 1897.[11][12] Harris died a few days later, never having regained consciousness, and tens of thousands of mourners lined the streets of Leicester for his funeral procession.[6][8][11]

[edit] 1900s

  • Oscar Aaronson (also spelled as "Aronson") December 22, 1900.[13] Injured during December 16, 1900 competitors' crash at the New York City/Madison Square Garden Six-Day Race.[14] Died on the 22nd from aftereffects of crash, from exhaustion and pneumonia.[15]
  • Archie McEachern,[16] Canada, track cyclist, May 13, 1902, Coliseum Cycling Track (Atlantic City, New Jersey). McEachern, a former middle distance Canadian National Champion, was also winner of the 1901 New York Madison Square Garden Six-Day Bicycle Race (the first Canadian to do so). In May 1902 he was participating in a practice run prior to the Atlantic City velodrome's official opening that was being paced by a tandem motorcycle (driven by his two trainers Bobby Thompson and Alfred Boake). Riding closely to the pace vehicle, McEachern was fatally injured when the bike's drive chain broke and he died within minutes.[17][18] Canadian Cyclist placed him 9th on their list of Top 25 Canadian Cyclists of the Century in 1999[17] and Journal of Sport History (Volume 1-2, published 1974) stated that he "was one of Canada's most famous professional cyclists" of his day.[19]
  • Breton,[20] track cyclist, Parc des Princes track, August 1902. Breton was killed when he steered his bicycle away from another cyclist and into the path of a 14 horsepower motorcycle being driven at 50 mph by Marius Thé. The track management allowed motorcyclists and racing bicyclists (called "flyers") to train at the same time.[20]
  • Harry Elkes,[21][22] United States, track cyclist, May 30, 1903, Charles River Track, Cambridge Massachusetts.[23] Elkes held the world record-holder for "paced-cycle racing" during most of his career and just prior to his fatal accident had achieved a new 5 Miles World Record, going that distance in 6 minutes, 12 1/5 seconds.[21] Marshall Taylor in his autobiography called Elkes "one of the greatest middle-distance riders that ever pedalled a bicycle."[24]
  • Edouard Taylor (aka "Edouard-Henry Taylor"),[23] Aubervilliers, France, 1903.[25] In 1899 Taylor held a National (Stayers) Championship of France and in 1900 he was 3rd at the European Championships, 2nd at the World Championships and also beat Henry Elkes by 300 metres in a 50-mile race.[26] In his last year of competition he placed 3rd at the World Stayers Championship.[27][28]
  • Alfred Görnemann,[29] Germany, track cyclist, October 11, 1903, Dresden track
  • Paul Dangla,[1] 1903 World Record-holder (Track),[30] France, track cyclist, June 18, 1904,[31][32][33] Dresden track
  • Karl Käser,[34] Germany, track cyclist, August 14, 1904, Plauen track
  • Otto Lutter, track cyclist, 1904
  • George Leander,[23][35] track cyclist, (August 23) 1904
  • Pilack,[29][36] June 16, 1904
  • Charles Albert Brécy,[37] track cyclist, November 25, 1904,[38] Parc des Princes velodrome
  • Hubert Sevenich,[39] track cyclist, May 7, 1905
  • Willy Schmitter,[40] track cyclist, September 18, 1905, European Championship,[41] Leipzig track
  • Gustav Freudenberg,[42] track cyclist, April 29, 1906
  • Richard Huhndorf,[43] track cyclist, July 22, 1906
  • Charles Peguy (pace maker),[44] pace maker, June 9, 1907
  • Louis Mettling,[45] United States, track cyclist, June 21, 1907
  • Josef Schwarzer,[46] Germany, pace maker, August 30, 1907, Düsseldorf track
  • Moritz Hübner,[47] track cyclist, October 13, 1907
  • Gustav Schadebrodt, German track cyclist, October 22, 1907,[48]
  • Ernst Wolf,[49] pace maker, October 29, 1907
  • Karel Verbist,[50] Belgium, track cyclist, July 21, 1909, Bruxelles track. Verbist collided with his pacemaker's (Constant Ceurremans') motorcycle.[51][52] Verbist is the subject of a macabre Dutch folk-poem... "Chareltje, Chareltje Verbist, hadt ge niet gereden op de pist(e), hadt ge niet gelegen in de kist."[53]
  • Tim Johnson,[54] track cyclist, April 24, 1909
Georges Lemaire in 1932
(surrounded by Jean Nicolet and his trainer)

[edit] 1910s

  • Fritz Theile,[55] track cyclist, June 4, 1911
  • Hans Bachmann, pace maker, 1913
  • Hans Lange, track cyclist, 1913
  • August Kraft, track cyclist, July 25, 1913 in Strasbourg, France[56]
  • Richard Scheuermann,[57][58] track cyclist, September 8, 1913, Cologne track
  • Gus Lawson,[58] pace maker, September 8, 1913, Cologne track
  • Max Hansen, track cyclist, October 12, 1913
  • Piet van Nek (Sr.), Netherlands, track cyclist, April 14, 1914, Leipzig track[59]
  • Willy Hamann, track cyclist, July 21, 1914, Treptow track[60]
  • Max Bauer,[61] pace maker, Treptow track
  • Jacob Esser, track cyclist, Dusseldorf Gerrmany track, July 8, 1917[62][63]
  • Louis Darragon, track cyclist, April 28, 1918, Vèlodrome d'Hiver Paris.[64]
  • Peter Günther, track cyclist, October 7, 1918, Düsseldorf[65] Guenther died the day after an October 6th accident involving his collision with his pacemaker's motorcycle after its rear tire burst.[66]

[edit] 1920s

  • Hans Schneider,[67] track cyclist, January 1920
  • Emanuel Kudela, track cyclist, September 22, 1920, Olympia track Berlin[68]
  • Christian Oorlemans,[69] pace maker, August 22, 1922, Amsterdam track
  • Franz Krupkat,[70] track cyclist, June 1, 1927, Leipzig track
  • Ernst Feja,[71] track cyclist, June 1, 1927
  • Gustave Lejour,[72] track cyclist, while training on the Frankfurt (Germany) track, 1928

[edit] 1930s

  • Constant Ceurremans, pace maker, 1931.[73] Ceurremans was also involved in Karel (Charles) Verbist's fatal crash in 1909.[51]
  • Werner Krüger, pace maker, 21 July 1931. Kruger died after a fall on the Cologne-Riehl track during a stayer race, while riding as a pacemaker for Emil Thollembeek. [74]
  • Georges Lemaire,[75] Belgium, Belgian club championship,[76] 1933
  • Georg Pawlack (born as "Georg Klein Bohrau Pawlack") track cyclist, June 10, 1933. Run over by a pacemaker after his bicycle slipped on a rain-soaked track.[77]
  • Emil Richli,[78] track cyclist, Swiss track championships, May 13, 1934
  • Francisco Cepeda, Spain, Tour de France, 1935[79] Died while making the Col du Galibier descent.[79]
  • Stefan Veger,[80] Netherlands, track Gent, November 1936
  • André Raynaud, France, Antwerp Sportpaleis, March 1937[51][81]
  • Adrian Buttafocchi[82] Col Esteret, Grand Prix d'Antibes, 29. Juni 1937, crash with a truck while race

[edit] 1940s

  • Léon Level,[83] track cyclist, March 26, 1949, "Parc des princes" track, Paris
  • Paul Kroll,[84] Germany, November 8, 1949, Berlin "1000 laps",[85] Funkturm track
Stan Ockers Street in Belgium

[edit] 1950s

[edit] 1960s

[edit] 1970s

Karl Kaminski during a pacemaker race in 1974
  • Jean-Pierre Monseré,[117] 1970 World Champion, Belgium, Grand Prix de Retie,[118][119] March 15, 1971[120]
  • Manuel Galera, Spain, Tour of Andalusia, February 13 or 14, 1972[121][122]
  • Juan Manuel Santisteban (also rendered as "Santiesteban"), Spain, Giro d'Italia, 1976. Died as a result of injuries when his head struck a crash barrier.[79][96]
  • Karl Kaminski, GDR, Leipzig, 10 August 1978[123]

[edit] 1980s

[edit] 1990s

[edit] 2000s

[edit] 2010s


[edit] Deaths during training or another reason related to cycling

The following cyclists did not die during a race, but during training or from another reason related to cycling:

Franz Suter
  • Jimmy Michael, Aberaman, Rhondda Cynon Taff, Wales, United Kingdom. 1885 & 1902 World Record-holder(Track).[150] Died while en-route from the UK to the United States on the ocean steamer "Savoie". He was either suffering from alcoholic delirium tremens,[151] a brain hemorrhage[1] or possibly a combination of the two. Michael's death most certainly had its genesis in a 1903 cycling accident at Friedenau[36] where he fractured his skull[152] and thereafter suffered debilitating headaches.[29][153] November 1904
  • Hugh McLean, USA, died on September 9 or 10th, 1909.[154] as a result of a training accident earlier in the month at the Revere, Mass. cycling track.[155][156][157] McLean was a champion middle distance cyclist[156] who had placed 2nd in the 1899 World Championship (Track/Stayers) and 1st with Floyd Krebs at the 1907 Boston Six Days.[157]
  • Adolphe Heliére, France. Drowned while swimming during a rest day of the 1910 Tour de France.[158]
  • Franz Suter,[159] Switzerland, 1 June 1914. Struck by a train while training with his brother Paul near Courbevoie, France.
  • Floyd MacFarland, United States. 1900 & 1908 Six-Day Race Winner (Madison Square Garden). Stabbed to death with a screwdriver during practice at Newark Velodrome, April 17, 1915.[64][160]
  • Ottavio Bottecchia, 1924 & 1925 Tour de France Winner,[161] Italy, 14 June 1927. Found by the side of the road with bruises and serious skull fracture. The cause has remained a mystery - various theories have included a solo-crash/serious fall or an assault by unknown Fascists.[162][163]
  • Tommy Godwin, United Kingdom. In 1939, Godwin achieved the long-distance record for miles cycled in one year...75,065 miles. Authorities have since determined that the attempt to beat this mileage would be too dangerous so the figure will never be overtaken. Godwin died in 1975 of heart failure, aged 63, returning from a ride to Tutbury Castle with friends.[164]
  • Antonio Martín, Spain. He was killed by a truck while training near Madrid, 1994.[165]
  • Michela Fanini, Italy, was struck by a car while training in Italy, 1994[166]
  • Beryl Burton, United Kingdom. Heart failure while out delivering invitations by bicycle to her 59th birthday party, 8 May 1996. One of the most dominating figures in world sports history, Burton regularly beat male competitors and her 12-hour record of 277.25m (raced in 1967) has never been beaten.[167]
  • Dave Bedwell, United Kingdom. Collapsed and died while on Cyclists Touring Club ride near Torquay. 28 February 1999, aged 70.[168]
  • Edith Atkins,[169] England. Was hit by a car while pushing her bicycle across a pedestrian road crossing, August 28, 1999
  • Anders Nilsson, Sweden, June 21, 2000. National team member in Triathlon, professional. Died immediately when hit by a speeding car during bicycle training, the car left the scene.[170]
  • Ricardo Otxoa, Spain. February 15, 2001.[171] Hit by a car during a training session together with his brother Javier (who survived but suffered serious brain injuries). The Circuito de Getxo was renamed the Memorial Ricardo Otxoa in his honor.
  • Luke Harrop, Australia. January 13, 2002. Struck by a stolen car driven by an unlicensed driver who was out on bail at the time and who also fled the scene. Gold Coast, Brisbane, Australia during a training ride. Having severe head trauma, former champion triathlete Harrop died a day after the accident. In 2003, Australia's Gold Coast Triathalon was renamed in Harrop's memory as the Gold Coast Triathalon - Luke Harrop Memorial.[172][173][174][175][176]
  • Lauri Aus, Estonia. July 20, 2003. Hit by a truck driven by a drunk driver while training for the Estonian MTB (Mountain Biking) Championship.[177][178]
  • Stive Vermaut, Belgium. Retired from professional cycling in 2002 because of a congenital heart disease. Had a heart attack during a recreational ride on June 13, 2004 and later that month on June 30.[179]
  • Amy Gillett, Australia. Head-on collision with a car in Germany on 18 July 2005 (while training with her squad for the Thueringen Rundfahrt which had been scheduled for the next day).[180]
  • Zak Carr, England, UK. Struck from behind and killed while cycling to work near Norwich, on 17 October 2005[181]
  • Scott Peoples, Australia. Struck from behind and killed on a training ride in December 2006 in Victoria.[182]
  • Ryan Cox, South Africa. Burst artery in leg on 1 August 2007, shortly after surgery.[183]
  • Jason MacIntyre, Scotland, UK. Struck by a vehicle on a training ride in January 2008.[184]
  • Frederiek Nolf, Belgium. Died in his sleep during the 2009 Tour of Qatar. February 5, 2009.[185]
  • Zinaida Stahurskaya, Belarus. 2000 World Road Race Champion. Struck by a car on a training ride in Belarus, June 25, 2009[186]
  • Dimitri De Fauw, Belgium, committed suicide on November 6, 2009, after struggling with depression following Isaac Gálvez's death in the 2006 Six Days of Ghent.[187][188][189]
  • Jorge Alvarado, Mexico. A Bahati pro team rider, Alvarado was training when he was struck head-on by a vehicle being driven by an 18 year old illegally street racing in San Bernardino, CA on April 8, 2010.[190][191]
  • Jure Robic, Slovenia. Struck by a vehicle in a head-on collision on a mountain road near the end of a training ride in September 2010.[192]
  • Carla Swart, South Africa. January 20, 2011. Swart was the winner of multiple college titles in the U.S. as well as an eighth-place finisher at the 2010 Commonwealth Games. She was struck by a truck during a training ride when turning around to retrieve her dropped cycling computer.[193]
  • Shamus Liptrot, Australia. May 10, 2011. Died as a result of injuries sustained in a "horrific crash"[194] during the Men's C Grade scratch track race[195] at the 2007 Devonport (Tasmania) Christmas Carnival.[196]
  • Xavier Tondo, Spain. May 23, 2011.[197] Died after being crushed by his garage door while preparing for a training ride with teammate Benat Intxausti.
  • Carly Hibberd, Australia, was hit by a car while training in Italy. July 6, 2011.[198]

[edit] See also

[edit] References

  1. ^ a b c Mangan, J.A., ed. (2002). Reformers, sport, modernizers: middle-class revolutionaries (European Sports History Review, Volume 4). Psychology Press. p. 127. ISBN 9780714652443. http://books.google.com/books?id=5se_-nX8S1MC&pg=PA127#v=onepage&q&f=false 
  2. ^ Note:The total includes the professional pacemakers(14) and riders(33) but does not include injuries/deaths of bystanders. On Page 101 Mangan recounts some details of the infamous 1909 Friedenau(Berlin) track accident with nine spectators being killed and 52 others injured.
  3. ^ Schoenberger, Chana R. (11 November 2006). "The Most Dangerous Sports". Forbes.com. http://www.forbes.com/2006/11/15/sports-injuries-fitness-forbeslife_cz_cs_1114dangersports.html. Retrieved 22 August 2010. 
  4. ^ Astrid Junge, PhD (September 25, 2009). "Sports Injuries During the Summer Olympic Games 2008". The American Journal of Sports Medicine. http://ajs.sagepub.com/content/37/11/2165.abstract?sid=b12bf6ad-10c3-4f92-a9e5-0f95165564d9\. Retrieved November 6, 2010. 
  5. ^ Das Stahlrad, 1894, p. 850f.
  6. ^ a b "Cycling Notes: The Late A.W. Harris". The Argus (Melbourne, Victoria Australia): p. 6. 1 June 1897. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article9190384. Retrieved 3 August 2010 
  7. ^ "Recently discovered Peregrine adverts and images". Hilldodger's cycling history site. 26 March 2010. http://cyclinghistory.blogspot.com/2010_03_01_archive.html. Retrieved May 9, 2011. 
  8. ^ a b c "Bert Harris - superstar". BBC. http://www.bbc.co.uk/insideout/eastmidlands/series11/week2_bert_harris.shtml. Retrieved 9 May 2011. 
  9. ^ "Bert Harris, First Professional Cycling Champion of England". Hilldodger's cycling history site. 7 December 2008. http://cyclinghistory.blogspot.com/2008/12/bert-harris-first-professional-cycling.html. Retrieved May 9, 2011. 
  10. ^ Sarah Staples (7 April 2005). "Did Bert Fall Or Was He Pushed?". The Leicester Mercury. http://www.veloriders.co.uk/phpBB2/viewtopic.php?t=21845. Retrieved 9 May 2011. 
  11. ^ a b "Bert Harris 1874-1897". Welford Road Cemetery Leicester. http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://uk.geocities.com/welford_road_cemetery/wrc-h.htm&date=2009-10-25+04:32:53. Retrieved 9 May 2011. 
  12. ^ Note:According to BBC Inside Out and other sources, the accident that caused Harris' death could be considered suspicious. The front wheel he borrowed in order to race was damaged and some have speculated about whether such an experienced cyclist would have made this mistake.
  13. ^ Arthur Devlin. "6-Day Bicycle Racing - Boston International Six day Bicycle Race". http://www.6dayracing.ca/race-data/boston/boston%20dec%201900.html. Retrieved July 16, 2011. 
  14. ^ "Aronson, Injured in the Six-Day Race, is Critically Ill with Pneumonia". The World (New York World). "Old Fulton NY Post Cards By Tom Tryniski" website (fultonhistory.com). December 19, 1900. p. 9. http://fultonhistory.com/Newspaper%2011/New%20York%20NY%20World/New%20York%20NY%20World%201901/New%20York%20NY%20World%201901%20-%200162.pdf. Retrieved July 16, 2011. 
  15. ^ "Bicyclist Oscar Aronson Dead of Physical Exhaustion". The World (New York World). "Old Fulton NY Post Cards By Tom Tryniski" website (fultonhistory.com). December 23, 1900. p. 2. http://fultonhistory.com/Newspaper%2011/New%20York%20NY%20World/New%20York%20NY%20World%201901/New%20York%20NY%20World%201901%20-%200207.pdf. Retrieved July 16, 2011. 
  16. ^ Balf, Todd (2009). Major: A Black Athlete, a White Era and the Fight to Be the World's Fastest Human Being. Random House. p. 199. ISBN 0307236595 
  17. ^ a b Arnold Devlin. "Canada's First Six-Day Star". 6-day Racing. http://www.6dayracing.ca/riders/mceachern/mceachern-bio.html. Retrieved 9 May 2011. 
  18. ^ Michael Gabriele (2011). The Golden Age of Bicycle Racing in New Jersey: The final Chapter of the Golden Age of Cycling. The History Press. ISBN 9781596294271. http://books.google.com/books?id=LRFNrMecw4AC&pg=PA37&lpg=PA37#v=onepage&q&f=false. Retrieved 10 May 2011. 
  19. ^ History, North American Society for Sport (1974). Journal of sport history, Volumes 1-2. p. 37. http://books.google.com/books?id=nNUsAAAAMAAJ&q=Archie+McEachern. Retrieved 10 May 2011. 
  20. ^ a b "Cyclist Killed by Pacing Motor". Motor Cycling and Motoring - with 'The Motor' (London) 2 (29): p. 46. 1902. 27 August 1902. http://books.google.com/books?id=B3nVAAAAMAAJ&dq=Breton%20cyclist%201902&pg=PA46#v=onepage&q&f=fals. Retrieved 3 August 2010 
  21. ^ a b "Harry Elkes Killed in Bicycle Race". New York Times (New York): p. 1. 31 May 1903. http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?_r=1&res=9B0DE2DC1639E433A25752C3A9639C946297D6CF. Retrieved 4 August 2010 
  22. ^ "News of the Week...Elkes Killed in Cycle Race". The Summary (New York State Reformatory at Elmira) XXXI (23): p. 3. 1903. 6 June 1903. http://books.google.com/books?id=OgFLAAAAYAAJ&pg=PR39#v=onepage&q=Elkes&f=false. Retrieved 4 August 2010 
  23. ^ a b c Mangan, p.127
  24. ^ Major Taylor & Marshall W. Taylor (1928). The fastest bicycle rider in the world: the story of a colored boy's indomitable courage and success against great odds. Books for Libraries Press, Wormley Publishing Company. ISBN 9780836989106. http://books.google.com/books?id=6l1LAAAAYAAJ&q=Harry+Elkes. Retrieved May 15, 2011. 
  25. ^ Note: There appears to be some confusion over the year of Taylor's death, reported in various reliable sources as occurring in either 1903 or 1902. Any references to his death occurring in 1901 seem to be in error since he placed 3rd at the World Championships in 1902.
  26. ^ Massachusetts Reformatory (Concord, Mass.) (1900). Our paper, Volume 16 By Massachusetts Reformatory (Concord, Mass.). p. 331. http://books.google.com/books?id=J4JRAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA331. Retrieved July 7, 2011. 
  27. ^ "Edouard-Henry Taylor". Cycling Archives. http://www.cyclingarchives.com/coureurfiche.php?coureurid=23315. Retrieved July 7, 2011. 
  28. ^ "Track Cycling: World Championships: Men: Stayer". http://sports123.com/tcy/mw-sta.html. Retrieved July 7, 2011. 
  29. ^ a b c Stuyfersant, Andre (12 March 2009). "Death at the Velodrome". Sportgeschiedenis.nl("Sports History"). http://www.sportgeschiedenis.nl/2009/03/12/de-dood-op-de-wielerbaan.aspx. Retrieved 20 August 2010. 
  30. ^ Mangan, J.A., ed. (2002). Reformers, sport, modernizers: middle-class revolutionaries (European Sports History Review, Volume 4). Psychology Press. p. 131. ISBN 9780714652443. http://books.google.com/books?id=5se_-nX8S1MC&pg=PA131#v=onepage&q&f=false 
  31. ^ Note:The June 18 date seems to be the date of the accident. Dangla apparently lingered in a coma before dying of his injuries on June 24. See "ATHLETICS(Note by Amateur)".
  32. ^ "ATHLETICS(Notes by Amateur)". Otago Witness: p. 54. 17 August(Hereturikōkā) 1904. http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&d=OW19040817.2.137&l=mi&e=-------10--1----0-all. Retrieved 22 August 2010 
  33. ^ Cerretini, Giovanni and Mannini, Paolo (2008). "Ciclisti 2008 (Tutti i ciclisti del Museo del Ciclismo)". p. 67. http://books.google.com/?id=Tbite58DYMIC&pg=PP3&dq=Paul+Dangla+1904#v=onepage&q=67&f=false. Retrieved 22 August 2010 
  34. ^ Sport-Album der Rad-Welt, vol. 3, 1904, p. 104
  35. ^ Harper, William Arthur (1999). How You Played the Game:The Life of Grantland Rice. p. 102. ISBN 9780826212047. http://books.google.com/books?id=KN_mDcoYd4AC&pg=PA102#v=onepage&q&f=false. Retrieved 22 August 2010 
  36. ^ a b Stuyfersant, Andre (May 2010). "Stuyfssportverhalen("Stuyf Sports Stories")". http://stuyfssportverhalen.wordpress.com/2010/05/21/hoe-gevaarlijk-is-de-wielersport/. Retrieved 20 August 2010. 
  37. ^ "Charles Albert Brecy". http://www.cycling4fans.de/index.php?id=2366. Retrieved 25 August 2010 
  38. ^ Note: The accident took place on November 14, Brecy died on November 25 after lingering for 11 days.
  39. ^ Sport-Album der Rad-Welt, Vol. 4/1905, p. 72
  40. ^ "Willy Schmitter". http://www.cycling4fans.de/index.php?id=2323. Retrieved 27 August 2010 
  41. ^ Stuyfersant, Andre (May 2010). "Stuyfssportverhalen("Stuyf Sports Stories")". http://stuyfssportverhalen.wordpress.com/2010/05/21/hoe-gevaarlijk-is-de-wielersport/. Retrieved 27 August 2010. 
  42. ^ Sport-Album der Rad-Welt, vol. 5, 1906, p. 68
  43. ^ Sport-Album der Rad-Welt, vol. 5, 1906, p. 69
  44. ^ Sport-Album der Rad-Welt, Vol. 6/1907, p. 55
  45. ^ Sport-Album der Rad-Welt, Vol. 6/1907, p. 50
  46. ^ Sport-Album der Rad-Welt, vol. 7, 1908, p. 45
  47. ^ Sport-Album der Rad-Welt, Vol. 6/1907, p. 60
  48. ^ "DeWeiler cycling database(Schadebrodt)". http://dewielersite.net/db2/wielersite/coureurfiche.php?coureurid=44856. Retrieved 20 August 2010. 
  49. ^ Sport-Album der Rad-Welt, Vol. 6/1907, p. 57
  50. ^ Sport-Album der Rad-Welt, Vol. 8/1909, p. 49
  51. ^ a b c "Sportsite van het Jaar Sportwereld". November 28, 2006. http://www.nieuwsblad.be/article/detail.aspx?articleid=GBB152SV1. Retrieved February 2, 2012. 
  52. ^ "Karel Verbist (In Memoriam)". Cycling4Fans.de. http://www.cycling4fans.de/index.php?id=3245. Retrieved February 1, 2012. 
  53. ^ Geldhof, Patrieck (2005). En de broodrenner, hij fietste verder: het wielrennen in België tijdens WO II. p. 17. ISBN 9789033458156. http://books.google.com/books?id=WyMsxbMbu6YC&pg=PA17#v=onepage&q&f=false. Retrieved February 1, 2012. 
  54. ^ Sport-Album der Rad-Welt, Vol. 8/1909, p. 51
  55. ^ Sport-Album der Rad-Welt, Vol. 10/1911, p. 46
  56. ^ "August Kraft". Cycling Archives. http://www.cyclingarchives.com/coureurfiche.php?coureurid=23315. Retrieved November 28, 2011. 
  57. ^ "Richard Scheuermann". http://www.cycling4fans.de/index.php?id=2267. Retrieved 24 August 2010 
  58. ^ a b "Lawson, Cyclist, Killed". New York Times: p. 3. 9 September 1913. http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=9C03E1D8113BE633A2575AC0A96F9C946296D6CF. Retrieved 24 August 2010 
  59. ^ stuyfssportverhalen (March 20, 2011). "As a reward, a monumental tomb". http://stuyfssportverhalen.wordpress.com/2011/03/20/als-beloning-een-monumentaal-graf/. Retrieved May 9, 2011. 
  60. ^ Rad-Welt, July 23rd 1914. The accident accured on July 15th, Hamann died six days later in hospital.
  61. ^ Sport-Album der Rad-Welt, Vol. 15/1917, p. 63
  62. ^ German Cyclist Fatally Hurt. Motorcycle and Bicycle Illustrated (Volume 13). August 23, 1917. p. 34. http://books.google.com/books?id=magAAAAAMAAJ&pg=RA7-PA34#v=onepage&q&f=false. Retrieved November 28, 2011. 
  63. ^ "Jacob Esser". Ciclo Museo Gino Bartali (Associazione Amici del Museo del Ciclismo). http://www.ciclomuseo-bartali.it/museociclismo/corridori/corridore.en.php?id=21029. Retrieved November 28, 2011. 
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  76. ^ Note: Per Cycling Archives, this race is also known as the "Inter Clubs Championship" and took place in Uccle, Belgium.
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  84. ^ American Bicyclist and Motorcyclist(Volume 71). 1950. p. 82 
  85. ^ Note: When Walter Rutt (the former world champion) wrote to the "American Bicyclist and Motorcyclist(Volume 71)" published in 1950, he referred to this race not as the actual Six-Day Race but as a 'team race that was run before' it and that this team race was of a 'A Thousand Laps'(150 km) variety.
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  99. ^ Note: Ockers crashed on September 29 and died two days later, thousands of people took to the streets for his funeral. Fotheringham, William (2003-06-30). "Century of Cycling". ISBN 9780760315538. http://books.google.com/books?id=N2P_8ArwhPQC&pg=PT5&lpg=PT5#v=onepage&q&f=false. Retrieved 30 September 2010 . Also see "Tales from the peloton - Doin' the Ardennes Double(Stan Ockers)". http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/features.php?id=features/2009/ardennes_double_apr09 
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  101. ^ Note: Jim Taylor was a fellow cyclist riding in the Tour and was also hit by the bus that killed Mockridge.
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  110. ^ Remembering Mr. Tom. BBC. 28 July 2002. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/other_sports/cycling/2141228.stm. Retrieved 29 August 2010 
  111. ^ Tom Simpson. Daily Peloton - Pro Cycling News. 12 August 2002. http://www.dailypeloton.com/displayarticle.asp?pk=2494. Retrieved 29 August 2010 
  112. ^ Ottoman, Joseph (28 January 2010). The case of Tom Simpson. SportVintage. http://www.sportvintage.it/2010/01/28/il-caso-simpson/. Retrieved 29 August 2010 
  113. ^ Note: The circumstances surrounding Simpson's death were controversial. The autopsy report said that drugs (amphetamines) were found in his system but judged the cause of death as being a combination of heat-stroke, oxygen depletion and physical exertion. Notwithstanding the drugs in his system the temperature that day was at least 42 degrees Celsius and the fact that Tour officials limited riders to two bottles of water a day was most probably a contributing factor.
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  116. ^ "José Samyn". Cycling Archives. http://www.cyclingarchives.com/coureurfiche.php?coureurid=5192. Retrieved February 18, 2012. 
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  119. ^ Note: Wilcockson refers to the race as "a kermesse race at Retié".
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  129. ^ "Connie Meijer". Cycling Archives. http://www.cyclingarchives.com/coureurfichebeeldbank.php?coureurid=5667. Retrieved July 30, 2011. 
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  134. ^ Note: Espinosa's accident actually occurred during a team time trial ("el Criterium de Fuenlabrada") for the Fuenlabrada race, not the actual race itself.
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  140. ^ Fabio (2003-03-12). "Andrei Kivilev". Daily Peloton - Pro Cycling News. http://www.dailypeloton.com/displayarticle.asp?pk=3236. Retrieved 2006-09-12. 
  141. ^ Camacho, Haraldo (12 June 2004). "Death in Tour of Colombia". Cycling News.Com. Future Publishing Limited. http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/news.php?id=news/2004/jun04/jun12news. Retrieved 3 August 2010. 
  142. ^ Jones, Jeff; Kröner, Hedwig (27 September 2004). "Tim Pauwels dies". Cycling News.Com. Future Publishing Limited. http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/news.php?id=news/2004/sep04/sep27news. Retrieved 2 August 2010. 
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  145. ^ "Galvez killed in track collision". BBC Sport. 2006-11-26. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/cycling/6185486.stm. Retrieved 2008-09-09. 
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  150. ^ Mangan, p.130, 131
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  155. ^ Note: The date of McLean's death is reported as both September 3rd (The World almanac) and as "early today" September 9th or 10th (News from the Outside World).
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  193. ^ "Carla Swart dies following accident". ESPN(Cycling and BMX). Associated Press. 20 January 2011. http://sports.espn.go.com/oly/cycling/news/story?id=6040467. Retrieved 9 May 2011. 
  194. ^ Paul Verkuylen (December 29–30, 2007). "Devonport Carnival December 29–30, 2007 - Day 1". http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/track/2007/dec07/SCAT07/?id=devonport_w1. Retrieved May 15, 2011. 
  195. ^ Paul Verkuylen (January 1, 2008). "Huge support for the Liptrot appeal". Cycling News. http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/huge-support-for-the-liptrot-appeal. Retrieved May 15, 2011. 
  196. ^ Cycling News (May 10, 2011). "Australian cycling community mourns death of Shamus Liptrot". Cycling News. http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/australian-cycling-community-mourns-death-of-shamus-liptrot. Retrieved May 15, 2011. 
  197. ^ "Tondo dies at his home in Spain". Daily Mail (London). 23 May 2011. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/othersports/article-1389981/Xavier-Tondo-killed-Team-Movistar-rider-dies-home-Spain.html. Retrieved 2 September 2011. 
  198. ^ Ben Atkins (6 July 2011). "Carly Hibberd killed after being hit by car". Velo Nation. http://www.velonation.com/News/ID/8976/Carly-Hibberd-killed-after-being-hit-by-car.aspx. Retrieved 21 February 2012. 

[edit] External links

Ride for Silence: "Let the Silence Roar"
Ride for Silence 1983-2010 In Memoriam
League of American Cyclists - In Memoriam 2005 to 2009

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_professional_cyclists_who_died_during_a_race&oldid=478320690"
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