List of proposed geoengineering projects

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See also: Geoengineering

Contents

[edit] Solar Radiation Management, cloud modification

Solar radiation management[1][2][3]

[edit] Atmospheric projects

General proposals[4]

[edit] Cloud seeding

[edit] Terrestrial albedo modification

[edit] Land management / Bio-geoengineering

[edit] Ocean schemes

[edit] Space projects

Lunar spectrum shifting - to accelerate chlorophyll metabolic clocks <ref: http://www.countercurrents.org/cc-scheff271005.htm >

[edit] Greenhouse Gas Remediation

Main article: Greenhouse gas remediation

[edit] Carbon sequestration

Main article: Carbon sequestration

[edit] Biological processes

[edit] Physical processes

[edit] Chemical techniques

[edit] Other greenhouse gas remediation

[edit] Other schemes

Ocean heat transport[102] Methane remediation using NOx [103]

[edit] See also

Jeff Goodell's 2010 How to Cool the Planet: Geoengineering and the Audacious Quest to Fix Earth’s Climate ("Can We 'Cool the Planet' through Geoengineering?")

[edit] References

  1. ^ Hoyle, F., 1957: The Black Cloud, Harper and Brothers, New York.
  2. ^ Kahle, A. B., and D. Deirmendjian, 1973: The black cloud experiment, Rand Corporation report R-1263-ARPA, Santa Monica CA.
  3. ^ Teller, E.; Hyde, T.; Wood, L. (2002) (PDF). Active Climate Stabilization: Practical Physics-Based Approaches to Prevention of Climate Change. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. https://e-reports-ext.llnl.gov/pdf/244671.pdf. Retrieved 2008-04-21. 
  4. ^ Harshvardhan (June 1978). "Albedo enhancement and perturbation of radiation balance due to stratospheric aerosols". Unknown. Bibcode 1978aepr.rept.....H. 1978aepr.rept.....H. 
  5. ^ Budyko, M. I., Climate Changes, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, English translation of 1974 Russian volume, 1977, p. 244
  6. ^ National Academy of Sciences, Policy implications of greenhouse warming: Mitigation, adaptation and the science base. National Academy Press, Washington DC, 1992, pp. 433–464.
  7. ^ Problems with geoengineering schemes to combat climate change, G. Bala, CURRENT SCIENCE, VOL. 96, NO. 1, 10 JANUARY 2009
  8. ^ United States Patent 5003186: Stratospheric Welsbach seeding for reduction of global warming
  9. ^ Keith, David W.: Photophoretic levitation of engineered aerosols for geoengineering, PNAS, published 07. September 2010
  10. ^ Crutzen, Paul J. (2006). "Albedo enhancement by stratospheric sulfur injections: A contribution to resolve a policy dilemma?" (PDF). Climatic Change 77 (3–4): 211–219. doi:10.1007/s10584-006-9101-y. http://www.springerlink.com/content/t1vn75m458373h63/fulltext.pdf. 
  11. ^ http://www.wired.com/science/planetearth/magazine/16-07/ff_geoengineering
  12. ^ Paul Crutzen, “Albedo enhancement by stratospheric sulfur injections: a contribution to resolve a policy dilemma?” Journal of Climatic Change, vol. 77, no. 3-4, August 2006
  13. ^ a b http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/pubs/outstand/bate1229/estimate.shtml
  14. ^ Latham, J. (1990). "Control of global warming" (PDF). Nature 347 (6291): 339–340. Bibcode 1990Natur.347..339L. doi:10.1038/347339b0. http://www.mmm.ucar.edu/people/latham/files/Latham_Nature_1990.pdf. 
  15. ^ Latham, J.; Salter, S. (PDF). Preventing global warming by increasing cloud albedo. http://www.mmm.ucar.edu/people/latham/files/cloud_albedo_onepage_handout.pdf. Retrieved 2008-04-20.  (A brief handout, with artist's renderings.)
  16. ^ Keith Bower et al., “Assessment of a Proposed Technique for Global Warming Mitigation via Albedo-Enhancement of Marine Stratocumulus Clouds”, Atmospheric Research, vol. 82, no. 1-2, pp. 328-336
  17. ^ Latham, J. (2002). "Amelioration of global warming by controlled enhancement of the albedo and longevity of low-level maritime clouds" (PDF). Atmos. Sci. Lett. 3 (2–4): 52–58. Bibcode 2002AtScL...3...52L. doi:10.1006/asle.2002.0099. http://www.mmm.ucar.edu/people/latham/files/cloud_albedo_atmos_sci_lett_2002.pdf. 
  18. ^ Salter, S, G. Sortino & J. Latham, (2008). Sea-going hardware for the cloud albedo method of reversing global warming, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A, doi:10.1098/rsta.2008.0136
  19. ^ Latham, J. 1990 Control of global warming? Nature 347, 339-340.
  20. ^ Latham, J., Philip .J. Rasch, C.C.Chen, L. Kettles, A. Gadian, A. Gettelman, H. Morrison, K. Bower., 2008. Global Temperature Stabilization via Controlled Albedo Enhancement of Low-level Maritime Clouds. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. A, doi:10.1098/rsta.2008.0137
  21. ^ Reference. J. Latham, P.J. Rasch, C.C.Chen, L. Kettles, A. Gadian, A. Gettelman, H. Morrison, K. Bower, T.W.Choularton., Global Temperature Stabilization via Controlled Albedo Enhancement of Low-level Maritime Clouds. 2008. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. A, 366, 3969?3987, doi:10.1098/rsta.2008.0137
  22. ^ Atmospheric Environment 41 (2007) 7373–7375
  23. ^ http://www.climos.com/news/articles/slowingglobal.htm Oliver W. Wingenter
  24. ^ Coale, K. H.; Johnson, K. S.; Buesseler, K.; Sofex Group, . (2002). "SOFeX: Southern Ocean Iron Experiments. Overview and Experimental Design". American Geophysical Union 22: 01. Bibcode 2002AGUFMOS22D..01C. 
  25. ^ a b http://www.johnduke.com/JDukeETCC09052007.pdf
  26. ^ a b http://www.cosis.net/abstracts/EGU2008/10885/EGU2008-A-10885.pdf
  27. ^ http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=1605&page=824
  28. ^ Teller et al, 1997
  29. ^ http://www.grida.no/publications/other/ipcc_tar/?src=/CLIMATE/IPCC_TAR/wg3/176.htm
  30. ^ http://www.californiaskywatch.com/documents/htmldocs/geoengineering.htm
  31. ^ http://www.reason.com/news/show/30433.html
  32. ^ Wade, Stephen (2008-02-29). "Rain out: China aims to control Olympics weather". USA Today. http://www.usatoday.com/weather/research/2008-02-29-china-weather_N.htm. Retrieved 2010-05-08. 
  33. ^ a b Mitchell, D. L.; Finnegan, W. (2009). "Modification of cirrus clouds to reduce global warming". Environmental Research Letters 4 (4): 045102. Bibcode 2009ERL.....4d5102M. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/4/4/045102.  edit
  34. ^ Hashem Akbari et al., “Global Cooling: Increasing World-wide Urban Albedos to Offset CO2”, draft paper. Available online at: http://www.energy.ca.gov/2008publications/CEC-999-2008-020/CEC-999-2008-020.PDF
  35. ^ Alvia Gaskill, “Desert Area Coverage”, Global Albedo Enhancement Project. Available online at: http://www.global-warming-geo-engineering.org/Albedo-Enhancement/Surface-Albedo-Enhancement/Calculation-of-Coverage-Areas-to-Achieve-Desired-Level-of-ForcingOffsets/Desert-Area-Coverage/ag28.html
  36. ^ http://www.global-warming-geo-engineering.org/Albedo-Enhancement/Surface-Albedo-Enhancement/ag21.html
  37. ^ M. Olefs and A.Fischer. "Comparative study of technical measures to reduce snow and ice ablation in Alpine glacier ski resorts". in "Cold Regions Science and Technology, 2007". http://imgi.uibk.ac.at/sekretariat/Publikationen/pub_pdf/Olefs_Comparative_austauschen_in%20press.. Retrieved September 6, 2009. [dead link]
  38. ^ Watts, Robert G. (1997). "Cryospheric processes" (Digitized online by Googlebooks). Engineering Response to Global Climate Change: Planning a Research and Development Agenda. CRC Press. p. 419. ISBN 1566702348, 9781566702348. http://books.google.com/?id=nArq-K7ZiacC&pg=PA420&dq=climate+change+%22thicker+sea+ice%22. Retrieved 2009-01-02. 
  39. ^ "Duct Tape Methods to Save the Earth: Re-Ice the Arctic". Popular Science. http://www.popsci.com/node/9444. Retrieved 04 March 2009. 
  40. ^ http://www.albedo-project.org
  41. ^ http://www.carbonplanet.com/downloads/Climate_effects_of_afforestation.pdf
  42. ^ Hamwey (2006). "Active Amplification of the Terrestrial Albedo to Mitigate Climate Change: An Exploratory Study". Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change 12 (4): 419. arXiv:physics/0512170. doi:10.1007/s11027-005-9024-3. 
  43. ^ http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn16428-a-highalbedo-diet-will-chill-the-planet.html
  44. ^ Ridgwell et al., Tackling Regional Climate Change By Leaf Albedo Bio-geoengineering, Current Biology (2009), doi:10.1016/j.cub.2008.12.025
  45. ^ Evans, J.; Stride, E.; Edirisinghe, M.; Andrews, D.; Simons, R. (2010). "Can oceanic foams limit global warming?". Climate Research 42 (2): 155–160. doi:10.3354/cr00885.  edit
  46. ^ Seitz, R. (2010). "Bright water: Hydrosols, water conservation and climate change". Climatic Change 105 (3–4): 365–381. doi:10.1007/s10584-010-9965-8.  edit
  47. ^ Schuttenhelm, Rolf (2008). "Diomede Crossroads - Saving the North Pole? Thoughts on plausibility". http://www.cleverclimate.org/climate/12/diomede_crossroads/. 
  48. ^ "Could a Massive Dam Between Alaska and Russia Save the Arctic?". Huffington Post. 27 November 2010. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/alaskadispatchcom/could-a-massive-dam-betwe_b_788761.html. Retrieved 2011-03-10. 
  49. ^ David W. Keith, “Geoengineering the climate: History and Prospect”, Annual Review of Energy and the Environment, Vol. 25, 2000, pp. 245-284, doi:10.1146/annurev.energy.25.1.245
  50. ^ Journal of the British Interplanetary Society, vol 60, p 1
  51. ^ Roger Angel and S. Pete Worden, “Making Sun-Shades from Moon Dust”, National Space Society, Ad Astra, vol. 18, no. 1, Summer 2006. Available online at: http://www.nss.org/adastra/volume18/angel.html
  52. ^ LiveScience, Space Ring Could Shade Earth and Stop Global Warming
  53. ^ See footnote 23 in E. Teller, L. Wood, and R. Hyde (1997) "Global Warming and Ice Ages: Prospects for Physics-Based Modulation of Global Change".
  54. ^ E. Teller, L. Wood, and R. Hyde (1997) "Global Warming and Ice Ages: Prospects for Physics-Based Modulation of Global Change".
  55. ^ See Russell Dovey, "Supervillainy: Astroengineering Global Warming and Bill Christensen, "Reduce Global Warming by Blocking Sunlight".
  56. ^ http://www.biogeosciences.net/5/385/2008/bg-5-385-2008.html
  57. ^ http://www-formal.stanford.edu/pub/jmc/progress/iron/iron.html
  58. ^ Planktos, http://www.planktos-science.com/
  59. ^ http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/0,1518,599213,00.html#ref=rss
  60. ^ http://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2007/11/09/2085584.htm
  61. ^ http://www.treehugger.com/files/2008/08/aerial-reforestation-explored-in-discovery-project-earth-premiere.php
  62. ^ http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg19826542.400-burying-biomass-to-fight-climate-change.html?full=true
  63. ^ Lovelock, J. E. and Rapley, C. G.: Ocean pipes could help the earth to cure itself, Nature, 449, p. 403, 2007
  64. ^ http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn12698
  65. ^ James E. Lovelock and Chris G. Rapley, “Ocean pipes could help the earth to cure itself”, Nature vol. 449, no. 7161, 27 September 2007, p. 403, doi:10.1038/449403a
  66. ^ http://www.biogeosciences-discuss.net/6/1/2009/bgd-6-1-2009-print.pdf
  67. ^ Lehmann, J., Gaunt, J., and Rondon, M.: Bio-char sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems – a review, Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 11, 403–427, 2006
  68. ^ http://www.biochar-international.org/
  69. ^ http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg20126921.500-one-last-chance-to-save-mankind.html?full=true
  70. ^ Fisher, B.S.; et al (2007). "Issues related to mitigation in the long term context, In Climate Change 2007: Mitigation. Contribution of Working Group III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Inter-governmental Panel on Climate Change". Fourth Assessment Report of the Inter-governmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press. http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/wg3/ar4-wg3-chapter3.pdf. 
  71. ^ Obersteiner, M., Ch. Azar, P. Kauppi, K. Möllersten, J. Moreira, S.Nilsson, P. Read, K. Riahi, B. Schlamadinger, Y. Yamagata, J. Yan, and J.-P. van Ypersele, 2001: Managing climate risk, Science 294, 786–787.
  72. ^ Christian Azar et al., “Carbon Capture and Storage From Fossil Fuels and Biomass – Costs and Potential Role in Stabilizing the Atmosphere”, Climatic Change, vol. 74, no. 1-3, January 2006, pp. 47-79
  73. ^ http://www.cbmjournal.com/content/3/1/1
  74. ^ http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg19826542.400
  75. ^ http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es8015556
  76. ^ http://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/es8015556
  77. ^ "Weyburn-Midale CO2 Project, World's first CO2 measuring, monitoring and verification initiative". Petroleum Technology Research Centre. http://www.ptrc.ca/weyburn_overview.php. Retrieved 2009-04-09. 
  78. ^ [1] Squaring the circle - carbon capture and storage - Chris Hodrien - Claverton Energy Conference, Bath, 2008
  79. ^ http://www.dailyoilbulletin.com/issues/article.asp?article=dob%2F080415%2FDOB2008%5FAF0019%2Ehtml
  80. ^ a b Herzog, Howard (2002-03-14) (PDF). Carbon Sequestration via Mineral Carbonation: Overview and Assessment. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. http://sequestration.mit.edu/pdf/carbonates.pdf. Retrieved 2009-03-05. 
  81. ^ Goldberg, Philip; Zhong-Ying Chen; O'Connor, William; Walters, Richard; Ziock Hans (1998) (PDF). CO2 Mineral Sequestration Studies in US. National Energy Technology Laboratory. http://www.netl.doe.gov/publications/proceedings/01/carbon_seq/6c1.pdf. Retrieved 2009-03-06. 
  82. ^ http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2008/10/31/0805794105.abstract
  83. ^ "Scientists say a rock can soak up carbon dioxide". Reuters. 7 November 2008. http://uk.reuters.com/article/scienceNews/idUKTRE4A59IB20081107. 
  84. ^ http://www.imperialinnovations.co.uk/?q=node/176
  85. ^ Jha, Alok (2008-12-31). "Revealed: The cement that eats carbon dioxide". The Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2008/dec/31/cement-carbon-emissions. Retrieved 2010-05-08. 
  86. ^ http://www.tececo.com/
  87. ^ Uibu, Mai; Uus, Mati; Kuusik, Rein (February 2008). "CO2 mineral sequestration in oil-shale wastes from Estonian power production". Journal of Environmental Management (Elsevier) 90 (2): 1253–1260. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2008.07.012. PMID 18793821. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6WJ7-4TFDY5T-4&_user=10&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=ec5c2795b42815e257bd049cc4fae18c. Retrieved 2009-03-05. 
  88. ^ a b Chang, Kenneth (2008-02-19). "Scientists Would Turn Greenhouse Gas Into Gasoline". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/02/19/science/19carb.html?_r=1. Retrieved 2010-05-08. 
  89. ^ http://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/es070874m?cookieSet=1
  90. ^ http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn12727
  91. ^ http://www.livescience.com/technology/070501_carbon_capture.html
  92. ^ Adam, David (2008-05-31). "Could US scientist's 'CO2 catcher' help to slow warming?". The Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2008/may/31/carbonemissions.climatechange. Retrieved 2010-05-08. 
  93. ^ Harvey, L. D. D.: Mitigating the atmospheric CO2 increase and ocean acidification by adding limestone powder to upwelling regions, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 113, C04028, doi:10.1029/2007JC004373, 2008.
  94. ^ House, K.Z., House, C.H, Schrag, D.P., Aziz, M.J. Electrochemical acceleration of chemical weathering as an energetically feasible approach to mitigating anthropogenic climate change. Environ. Sci. Technol., 41(24): 8464-8470, 2007.
  95. ^ Kheshgi, H. S., 1995. Sequestering atmospheric carbon dioxide by increasing ocean alkalinity. Energy, 20: 915-922.
  96. ^ Lackner et al., 1995 K.S. Lackner, C.H. Wendt, D.P. Butt, E.L. Joyce and D.H. Sharp, Carbon dioxide disposal in carbonate minerals, Energy 20 (1995) (11), pp. 1153–1170.
  97. ^ Lackner et al., 1997 K.S. Lackner, D.P. Butt and C.H. Wendt, Progress on binding CO2 in mineral substrates, Energy Conversion and Management 38 (1997), pp. S259–S264
  98. ^ Rau, G.H., and Caldeira, K. Enhanced carbonate dissolution: A means of sequestering waste CO2 as ocean bicarbonate. Energy Conversion and Management 40, 1803-1813, 1999.
  99. ^ Rau, G.H., K.G. Knauss, W.H. Langer AND K. Caldeira. 2007. Reducing energy-related CO2 emissions using accelerated weathering of limestone. Energy, 32:1471-1477.
  100. ^ http://news.mongabay.com/2007/1120-geoengineering.html
  101. ^ http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/freeabs_all.jsp?tp=&arnumber=593398&isnumber=12731
  102. ^ Zhou, S. .; Flynn, P. C. (2005). "Geoengineering Downwelling Ocean Currents: A Cost Assessment". Climatic Change 71: 203. doi:10.1007/s10584-005-5933-0.  edit
  103. ^ http://www.atm.helsinki.fi/FAAR/reportseries/rs-109/abstracts/Luxi%20Zhou.pdf
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