List of rocket aircraft
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This List of rocket planes is an incomplete listing, loosely chronological sorted by type used for launch, of some aircraft that used rocket propulsion:
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[edit] Spaceplanes
Spaceplanes are aircraft that are able to reach the edge of space.
- 1930s
Germany -Silbervogel sub orbital bomber project, never went beyond mock up test.[clarification needed] - 1945 Germany - A4b winged version of V-2 rocket - unmanned, test flights only.
- 1959
United States - X-15 - manned, carried aloft under the wing of a B-52, conducted numerous supersonic and hypersonic flights - 1981 United States - Space Shuttle - manned (unable to fly unmanned, rocket assisted vertical take-off) lands unpowered
- 1988
Soviet Union - Buran Shuttle - unmanned test flight (designed to be manned, but no need to be manned, rocket assisted vertical take-off) - 2004 United States - Scaled Composites SpaceShipOne - manned, has a hybrid rocket motor and performed first civilian-funded reusable spaceflight, flights begin with the White Knight lifting SpaceShipOne to about 14 km
- 2006 United States - X-37 - unmanned (technology demonstrator)
- 2010 United States - Scaled Composites SpaceShipTwo - manned, technology development prototype for a planned fleet of five spaceplanes for commercial space passenger service with Virgin Galactic. Currently in flight testing.
[edit] Rocket planes with conventional take-off
- 1928
Germany Lippisch Ente - 1929 Germany Opel RAK.1
- 1939 Germany He 176 world's first liquid-fuel rocket-powered test plane[citation needed]
- 1940 Soviet Union RP-318-1 powered by Glushko and Dushkin engines, unmanned tests in 1938.[citation needed]
- 1940 Germany DFS 194 rocket-powered glider test plane
- 1942 Soviet Union Bereznyak-Isayev BI-1 close-range fighter powered by Dushkin and Isaev engines
- 1944 Germany Me 163 rocket-powered fighter (extensive use in World War II)[citation needed]
- 1944 Germany Me 263 also known as Ju 248, development of Me 163
- 1944 United States Northrop MX-324 Experimental "flying ram" point defense interceptor flying wing.
- 1944 Soviet Union Su-7 Modified Sukhoi Su-6 with RD-1 kHz (chemical ignition RD-1) engine.
- 1945 Soviet Union Yak-3RD Modified Yakovlev Yak-3 with Glushko RD-1 kHz engine.
- 1945
Japan Mitsubishi J8M, licence-built copy of the Messerschmitt Me 163 "Komet" - 1945 Soviet Union Lavochkin La-7R variant with Glushko's RD-1 kHz engine.
- 1948 Soviet Union Bisnovat 5 Russian design based from earlier captured DFS 346, cancelled (never flew under power)
- 2001 United States EZ-Rocket Customized Rutan Long-EZ, experimental model.[citation needed]
- 2006 United States Mark I X-racer Customized Velocity SE, prototype for Rocket Racing League.[1][2]
- 2010 United States Rocket Racing League Mark-III X-racer[3]
[edit] Air launched rocket planes
- 1944 Germany - Selbstopfer - near-suicide mission manned version of the V-1 Flying Bomb to be dropped from a modified Heinkel He 111
- 1945 Japan Ohka - manned air-launched kamikaze aircraft
- 1947 United States Bell X-1 - manned, first plane to break the sound barrier in controlled, level flight (Also conventional take off on one occasion)
- 1953 United States Douglas D-588-II Skyrocket - manned supersonic research aircraft
- 1955 United States Bell X-2 - manned supersonic research aircraft
- 1969 United States Martin Marietta X-24A - manned research aircraft
- 1973 United States Martin Marietta X-24B - manned research aircraft
[edit] Rocket planes taking off vertically
- 1945 Germany - Bachem Ba 349 "Natter" - manned surface-to-air missile
- 1963 United States - ASSET - unmanned atmospheric reentry test vehicle
- 1966 United States - X-23 PRIME - unmanned atmospheric reentry test vehicle
- 1982 Soviet Union - BOR-4 - unmanned atmospheric reentry test vehicle
[edit] Mixed power rocket planes
All conventional take off designs. These used rockets as well as another type of powerplant
- Hawker P.1072 - manned mixed power test bed for rocket propulsion.[citation needed]
- Saunders-Roe SR.53 UK, 1957 - manned, mixed power interceptor.
- Saunders-Roe SR.177 UK - manned, development of SR.53, project cancelled before first flight
- XF-91 Thunderceptor USA - manned, mixed power rocket and jet engines
- Douglas Skyrocket USA - manned, mixed power[citation needed]
- Lockheed NF-104A USA - manned, mixed power rocket and jet engine
- SNCASO Trident France - manned, mixed power rocket (tail) and turbojet engines (wingtips)[citation needed]
- SNCASE SE-212 Durandal - French mixed power interceptor, 1956, protypes only[citation needed]
- Avro 720 - UK, mixed power cancelled before flight[citation needed]
A number of Soviet fighter aircraft were modified as mixed power interceptors
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ X-Racers, Start Your Rockets! : The creators of the X prize offer a sensational vision of rocket-powered airplanes speeding through the sky. But can their new racing league steal a bit of Nascar's thunder?, Michael Belfiore, Popular Science (feature cover story), 2006-02-15, accessed 2010-09-02.
- ^ XCOR X-Racer, by Nancy Atkinson, Universe Today, 2009-08-06, accessed 2010-12-11.
- ^ Flying inside the groove: the latest rocket-powered test aircraft take just four seconds to get into the air from ignition. The brink of take-off for the RRL, Aerospace Testing International, June 2010, pp. 50-54, accessed 2010-09-06.
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