List of scandals with "-gate" suffix

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This is a list of scandals or controversies whose names in scholarly sources include a "-gate" suffix, by analogy with the Watergate scandal.[1] This list also includes controversies that are widely referred to with a "-gate" suffix (such as New Orleans Saints bounty scandal), but may be referred to by "-gate"-less names in scholarly sources.

Contents

Etymology, usage, and history of -gate[edit]

The suffix -gate derives from the Watergate scandal of the United States in the early 1970s, which resulted in the resignation of U.S. President Richard Nixon. The scandal was named after the Watergate complex in Washington, D.C.; the complex itself was named after the "Water Gate" area where symphony orchestra concerts were staged on the Potomac River between 1935 and 1965.[2]

The suffix is used to embellish a noun or name to suggest the existence of a far-reaching scandal, particularly in politics and government. As a CBC News Online column noted in 2001, the term may "suggest unethical behaviour and a cover-up".[3] The same usage has spread into languages other than English; examples of -gate being used to refer to local political scandals have been reported from Argentina, Germany, Hungary, Greece and the former Yugoslavia.[4] Such usages have been criticised by commentators as clichéd and misleading;[5] James Stanyer comments that "revelations are given the 'gate' suffix to add a thin veil of credibility, following 'Watergate', but most bear no resemblance to the painstaking investigation of that particular piece of presidential corruption."[6] Stanyer links the widespread use of -gate to what the sociologist John Thompson calls "scandal syndrome":

[A] self-reproducing and self-reinforcing process, driven on by competitive and combative struggles in the media and political fields and giving rise to more and more scandals which increasingly become the focus of mediated forms of public debate, marginalizing or displacing other issues and producing on occasion a climate of political crisis which can debilitate or even paralyse a government.[7]

The adoption of -gate to suggest the existence of a scandal was promoted by William Safire, the conservative New York Times columnist and former Nixon administration speechwriter. As early as September 1974 he wrote of "Vietgate", a proposed pardon of the Watergate criminals and Vietnam War draft dodgers.[8] Subsequently he coined numerous -gate terms, including Billygate, Briefingate, Contragate, Deavergate, Debategate, Doublebillingsgate (of which he later said "My best [-gate coinage] was the encapsulation of a minor ... scandal as doublebillingsgate"), Frankiegate, Franklingate, Genschergate, Housegate, Iraqgate, Koreagate, Lancegate, Maggiegate, Nannygate, Raidergate, Scalpgate, Travelgate, Troopergate and Whitewatergate. The New York magazine suggested that his aim in doing so was "rehabilitating Nixon by relentlessly tarring his successors with the same rhetorical brush – diminished guilt by association."[9] Safire himself later admitted to author Eric Alterman that, as Alterman puts it, "psychologically, he may have been seeking to minimize the relative importance of the crimes committed by his former boss with this silliness."[10]

List[edit]

Arts and entertainment[edit]

Journalism and academics[edit]

Politics[edit]

  • Angolagate – (Mitterrand-Pasqua affair), about arms sales to the Government of Angola by the Government of France in the 1990s.
  • Betsygate – Allegations that former United Kingdom Conservative Party leader Iain Duncan Smith had put his wife Betsy on his payroll, without her actually doing any work.[28]
  • Bigotgate - UK Prime Minister Gordon Brown leaves his microphone on unintentionally and is heard to call a woman that he met a 'bigoted woman'.[29]
  • BillygateU.S. President Jimmy Carter's brother, Billy Carter, legally represented the Libyan government as a foreign agent.[30]
  • Bingogate – A scandal that occurred during the administration of former Premier of British Columbia Michael Harcourt, involving the skimming of charity funds for use by the ruling NDP by MLA Dave Stupich (Premier Harcourt was not involved but did resign).[31]
  • Biscuitgate – Media controversy over then-British Prime Minister Gordon Brown's reluctance to declare his "favourite biscuit".[32]
  • Bonusgate – 2008 political scandal in Pennsylvania involving the alleged use of government funds to finance partisan political campaigns.
  • Brothelgate[33] – The series of events that lead to the resignation of the Irish Minister of Defence Willie O'Dea.
  • Cablegate – In November 2010, Wikileaks began to release American diplomatic cables, from a trove of over 250,000.[34]
  • Camillagate – Following the release of a tape of a telephone conversation between Charles, Prince of Wales and Camilla Parker Bowles.[35]
  • Cheriegate – Concerning Cherie Blair's association with Carole Caplin, and through her to the convicted fraudster Peter Foster.[36]
  • Chinagate – 1996 United States campaign finance controversy
  • Coingate – The mishandling of Ohio government funds entrusted to Ohio Republican Party operatives, involving rare coin funds[37]
  • Coalgate – The mishandling of coal field auctions by the Indian government under the UPA-1. The alleged loss was $37 Billion.
  • Concussiongate – Republicans accusing Hillary Clinton of faking a fainting incident in order to avoid testifying on the Benghazi attack[38]
  • Corngate – A political scandal in New Zealand in 2002, which involved the suspected release of genetically modified corn seed in 2000.[39]
  • Debategate – A political scandal in the United States involving the suspicious acquisition of debate preparation documents in 1980.
  • Donnygate – A political scandal in Doncaster, UK in 1998 involving local government expense fraud[40]
  • Duna-gate – A political scandal in Hungary in 1990, with the communist regime's secret service illegally collecting information on opposition parties.[41][42]
  • Fallagate – 2007 political scandal in Guernsey over an attempt to avoid a political conflict of interest over a hospital extension plan.[43]
  • Fajitagate – In November 2002, three off-duty San Francisco police officers allegedly assaulted two civilians over a bag of steak fajitas (which were mistaken as drugs), leading to the retirement of the chief of police and the firing of his successor.[44]
  • Filegate – The illegal possession and scrutiny of 300–900 FBI files by the Clinton Administration without the file's subject's permission.[45]
  • Gategate or plebgate[46] – 2012 UK political row, when Andrew Mitchell MP allegedly called a policeman a "pleb", after he was asked to use another gate to leave Downing Street on his bicycle.[47]
  • Horsegate – The revelation that British Prime Minister David Cameron had ridden a horse loaned to former News of the World editor, Rebekah Brooks by the Metropolitan Police.[48]
  • Horsegate (2) – One of the names given to the 2013 meat scare, in which horsemeat was found in prepared frozen meat products and ready meals that were said to contain beef. Also known as the "Horsemeatgate" and "Findusgate", after the one of the companies that made the ready meals.[49]
  • Inkgate – An Irish political scandal involving Sinn Féin TD Aengus Ó Snodaigh in which it was revealed the TD spent €50,000 of tax-payers money on ink cartridges for personal use.[50]
  • Iraqgate – A Finnish scandal involving the leaking of secret documents to Anneli Jäätteenmäki, which helped bring down Paavo Lipponen's government. Later, it also brought down Jäätteenmäki's government.[51]
  • Irangate or Contragate (also referred to as the Iran-Contra Affair) – The Reagan Administration sold weapons to Iran and diverted the proceeds to the Contra rebels in Nicaragua.[52]
  • Irisgate – A 2010 political scandal involving an affair by Iris Robinson MP MLA, wife of Northern Ireland's First Minister Peter Robinson.
  • Kazakhgate – Scandal surrounding James Giffen, an American businessman and former advisor of Nursultan Nazarbayev, the president of Kazakhstan, who paid US$78 million in bribes to high-level Kazakhstani officials to secure the oil contracts for Western companies in the 1990s.[53]
  • Koreagate – A 1976 scandal involving South Korean influence peddling in the U.S. Congress. This was the first scandal after Watergate to receive the -gate suffix.
  • Memogate (2) – A 2011 controversy about an alleged Pakistani memo seeking the help of the Obama administration in the wake of the Osama bin Laden raid to prevent a military takeover in Pakistan.
  • Monicagate, Lewinskygate, Tailgate, or Sexgate ("Zippergate", "the Lewinsky scandal") – Named after Monica Lewinsky who had an "inappropriate relationship" with the then-U.S. President Bill Clinton.[54]
  • Menugate: the scandal that arose after Julia Gillard accused the Liberal Party of mocking her appearance and genitalia in a menu for a fundraising dinner.
  • Muldergate – South African political scandal of the late 1970s in which funds were clandestinely diverted by defence minister Connie Mulder for overseas propaganda in support of the apartheid regime. The scandal brought about the downfall of BJ Vorster.[55]
  • NAFTAgate[56] – Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper's Chief of Staff Ian Brodie revealed to the media a document leak revealing that the Canadian government should not worry about U.S. Presidential candidate Barack Obama's anti-North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) rhetoric.
  • Nannygate (1) – A 1993 political controversy in the United States wherein the nomination of Zoë Baird and near-nomination of Kimba Wood for U.S. Attorney General were withdrawn due to the hiring of illegal aliens as nannies or the failure to pay taxes for them.
  • Nannygate (2) – The 2006 Swedish scandal over the non-payment of employment taxes of nannies and obligatory television fees by members of the Reinfeldt cabinet.
  • Officegate – In 2001, First Minister of Scotland Henry McLeish resigned after it was revealed that, while a Westminster Member of Parliament between 1987 and 1998 (before the advent of devolution), he sublet his constituency office in Glenrothes, Fife, but failed to ensure that it was registered or that the party issued funds from the income to the House of Commons.[57]
  • Pardongate – Controversy surrounding Bill Clinton's pardons of 140 people on his last day in office as President of the United States, including Patty Hearst.
  • Pastagate – 2013 Montreal controversy, in which an Italian restaurant was investigated by the Quebec government for using words that do not comply with their language laws, such as "bottiglia", "calamari" and "pasta".[58]
  • Pastygate – Controversy in March/April 2012 around the taxation by the UK Government of hot snacks such as pasties, where Conservative ministers were said to be out of touch with the eating habits of ordinary people.[59][60]
  • Pemexgate – Scandal involving state-owned oil company Pemex in Mexico in which funds were used to support a political campaign of the presidential candidate for the Institutional Revolutionary Party in the year 2000.
  • Petrogate – The name given to the press in Peru to the corruption case involving lots of oil, where Norway mining company Discover Petroleum and Peruvian State owned Perupetro are involved, which shocked the policy in Peru, and prompted the resignation of cabinet ministers.
  • Piñeragate – Political espionage and eavesdropping involving now President of Chile Sebastián Piñera.
  • Plamegate (also "Leakgate", "CIA leak scandal", "Plame affair") – The revealing, by Robert Novak, of the name of Valerie Plame. Lewis Libby allegedly leaked to the media the identity of a covert CIA agent who worked on WMDs, in retaliation for her husband, Joseph C. Wilson, criticizing George W. Bush's justification for the invasion of Iraq.[61]
  • Porngate – Three members of the Karnataka Legislative Assembly in India resign from their offices after accusations that they watched porn during government proceedings.
  • Railgate, also known as the Basi-Virk Affair and the BC Legislature Raids scandal, an ongoing scandal and court proceeding involving influence peddling and abuse of privilege in regard to the sale of BC Rail to Canadian National Railways by the government of British Columbia Premier Gordon Campbell, the raid of government offices in the provincial legislature building on 28 December 2003.[62]
  • Rinkagate – A 1976 scandal in which Jeremy Thorpe, leader of the UK Liberal Party, lost his position and his seat in Parliament after being accused of involvement in an unsuccessful attempt to murder an alleged former gay lover. Thorpe was eventually acquitted, but the scandal and an unrelated personal illness ended his career. "Rinka" refers to a Great Dane that was killed in the attack.[63]
  • Robogate – Allegations of whitespread voter fraud occurring during the 2011 Canadian federal election. Robotic and live calls to voters are claimed to have been made in 200 ridings. Currently under investigation by the RCMP, the CPC and Elections Canada.[64]
  • Rywingate – A 2004 Polish scandal (including the prominent media mogul Lew Rywin, hence the affair's popular nickname) that led Leszek Miller's government to an end and his party's crushing defeat in the presidential and parliamentary elections in the following year.
  • Sandwichgate - An attack on Australia Prime Minister Julia Gillard in 2013 involving a renegade student attempting to throw a sandwich at the Prime Minister. Motives unknown.[65]
  • Shawinigate – A 1999 Canadian scandal involving then-Prime Minister Jean Chrétien's profiting from real estate deals in his home riding of Shawinigan, Quebec[66]
  • Smeargate – The scandal brought to light in April 2009 by the publishing of secret 'smear campaign' plans made by members of the UK Labour government aimed at tarnishing several Conservative MPs careers.
  • Squidgygate/Dianagate – Tape of a telephone conversation between Diana, Princess of Wales and a male friend.[67]
  • Stormontgate – Allegations of a Provisional Irish Republican Army spy ring operating in Stormont (Home to the Northern Ireland Assembly).[68]
  • Strippergate (Seattle) & Strippergate (San Diego) – Two separate government scandals and criminal investigations
  • Thulegate – A 1995 scandal in Denmark regarding the storage of nuclear weapons in Greenland, in contravention of the Denmark's nuclear-free policy.
  • Toallagate – A 2001 scandal in Mexico due to the high cost of bathroom towels (around US$400 apiece) bought for the official residence of the Mexican president.[69][70]
  • Taxigate – In 2005, it was the second major scandal to rock the Scottish Parliament after its founding; Scottish Conservative Party leader David McLetchie was found to have claimed an excessive amount in taxi expenses (over £11,000) many of which were for party business rather than parliament business...[71] The debacle resulted in McLetchie's resignation as Leader of the Scottish Conservative Party.
  • Travelgate – The 1993 firings of White House Travel Office employees at the start of the Clinton administration.[72]
  • Troopergate (1) – The allegations by two Arkansas state troopers that they arranged sexual liaisons for then-governor Bill Clinton.[73]
  • Troopergate (2) – Controversy involving New York Governor Eliot Spitzer, who allegedly ordered the state police to create special records of senate majority leader Joseph L. Bruno's whereabouts when he traveled with police escorts in New York City.[74]
  • Troopergate (3) – The controversy surrounding allegations that Alaska Governor Sarah Palin, the 2008 Republican vice-presidential nominee for the United States presidential election, fired the state's public safety commissioner, allegedly for not cooperating with her demand that he dismiss her former brother-in-law, a state trooper.[75] Palin prefers the term "Tasergate", a reference to the allegation that the trooper used a taser on his 10-year-old stepson.[76]
  • Tunagate – A 1985 political scandal in Canada involving large quantities of possibly spoiled tuna which were sold to the public.[77]
  • Utegate – A June 2009 political incident around the lending of a utility vehicle ("ute") to Australian Labor Prime Minister Kevin Rudd by car dealer John Grant, and subsequent allegations of improper favorable treatment of Grant by the Treasury department.[78]
  • Valijagate – Venezuelan-US entrepreneur Guido Antonini Wilson arrived in Argentina on a private flight hired by Argentine and Venezuelan state officials carrying US$ 800,000 in cash which he failed to declare.
  • Wampumgate – Controversy around the 1995 rejection of an Indian gambling project submitted by three impoverished tribes in the American northlands.
  • Watergate – The original "gate" scandal got its name from the Watergate Hotel, where two politically motivated burglaries took place in 1972. The Watergate scandal ultimately led to the resignation of U.S. President Richard Nixon on 9 August 1974.
  • Waterkantgate or Watergate an der Waterkant a major political scandal in Germany (1987)[79]
  • Weinergate[80] – U.S. Representative Anthony Weiner's Twitter account linked to a photograph of a man's protruding penis beneath his underwear. Weiner said his account had been hacked, but later admitted he sent the tweet; numerous other lewd photographs from Weiner were later revealed.[81]
  • Wormgate – 2007 Australian Federal Election Leaders Debate Controversy. A controversial decision was taken during the debate to interrupt the provision of the live transmission signal to the Channel Nine network because of the inclusion by Channel Nine within its broadcast picture of a real time graphical display of the aggregate studio audience reaction to the debate. This graphical display is referred to as the 'Worm', after the form in which it is rendered and an approximately 'worm like' movement of the display within the area of the screen in which it appears.
  • Whitewatergate – Better known as the Whitewater controversy.[82]
  • Times-Eight-Gate – Controversy around the high number of rejected votes in the Kenya 2013 election. A bug in the talling software multiplied the rejected votes by a factor of eight.

Sports[edit]

Technology[edit]

  • Antennagate: The name Apple founder Steve Jobs gave to the controversy over the iPhone 4's antenna after initial users complained of dropped calls and Consumer Reports would not recommend it. Widely adopted by the technical press.[113][114][115][116][117]
  • Donglegate: (#Donglegate on Twitter.) Used to reference a series of events following a double entendre on the word "dongle" overheard at a programmers convention March 17, 2013, which led to two people being fired and a DDoS attack.[118]

In popular culture[edit]

Television[edit]

  • Clipgate: Stephen Colbert's mocking of Fox News' portrayal of the way Barack Obama presented his jobs bill proposal with pages clipped together, rather than bound together.[119]
  • Flatgate: In an episode of The Thick of It, government minister Hugh Abbot is involved in a scandal surrounding the ownership of a Notting Hill flat – which the press are dubbing "Flatgate", but which Abbot's secretary feels would better be named "Notting Hill Gate gate"[120]
  • Sharongate: The storyline in EastEnders in which Sharon (Letitia Dean) confessed on tape that she had slept with Phil (Steve McFadden), the brother of her husband Grant (Ross Kemp).[121][122]
  • Waitergate: In the Simpsons episode "The Boy Who Knew Too Much", a court case surrounding a clumsy waiter who appeared to have been beaten is named by the press as 'Beat-Up Waiter'. Local news anchorman Kent Brockman suggest it be called 'Waitergate', but was "shouted down in the press conference".[123] Bart in fact witnessed the waiter's accidental injuries while playing truant from school, but did not come forward as he would be punished by Principal Skinner.

References[edit]

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